Lonk’ Ihlabathi Ligxampuza Kobu Buxhofu-xhofu
INYHIKATYHAWE yokubulawa kwabantwana abahlala ezitratweni ngendlel’ emanyumnyezi eBrazil, yenye yezinto ezibek’ esichengeni abantwana abalahliweyo. Iingxelo eziphuma kwelo lizwe zabonisa ukuba amakhulukhulu abantwana ayebulawa nyaka ngamnye.
Abantwana baye babethelw’ oogqirha nezicaka eDunblane, eSkotlani, naseWolverhampton, eNgilani, nakwezinye iindawo ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, cinga nje ngentlungu eyehlela uMaria oneminyaka eli-12 ubudala, usizana lwenkedama yaseAngola eyadlwengulwa yamitha. Kuthe kunjalo kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahambe umgama omalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-320, emva koko ke wazala ngaphambi kwexesha usana olwaphila iiveki ezimbini kuphela. Kwathi ke kwiveki elandelayo lwaqham’ utshoba kuMaria, kuba wayegula yaye elihekence elingondlekanga.
Kaloku yakha yathi iUnited Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) ngowe-1992 “‘le nto yokuliwa kwabantwana izokuqala’ kule nkulungwane yama-20.” Kwale UNICEF inye yathi xa yayisenz’ ingxelo ngowe-1996, abanye bacinga ukuba ‘inzala eza kubakho yotshaba, intw’ etsh’ ukuba amantshontsh’ otshaba, amele atyunyuzw’ intloko.’ Mhlalutyi uthile wezobupolitika wathi xa wayekhuph’ olwakh’ uluvo: “Ukuz’ ubulal’ amabuzi, qal’ ubulal’ oocweth’ aba.”
Kwishumi leminyaka lakutshanje bazizigidi ezibini abantwana abaye babulaw’ okwezilwanyana. Kanti izigcayiseli ziye zashiya abanye abazizigidi ezine beyimilwelwe, beziimfama, okanye benzakele ingqondo, bephakathi kwezinye izigidi ngezigidi eziye zaphulukana namakhaya azo ngenxa yemfazwe. Akumangalisi ngoko ukuba kubekho ingxelo eyayinomxholo othi: “Kuhambis’ Umzimba Ukubukela Abantwana Abadlakazeliswe Yimfazwe.”
Ezi zenzo zokukhohlakalelwa kwabantwana zitshw’ emanxebeni oluntu xa lulonke, zibubungqina obuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana bajamelene nengxaki, kungekhona kwimbinana yamazwe kodwa ehlabathini lonke. Ngaphandle nje kokuba bexhatshaziwe abanye abantwana baye bangcatshwa.
Bangcatshwe Ngabantu Abebebathembile
Kaloku ayikho int’ enokushiy’ amanxeba angapholiyo ngathi kukungcatshwa komntwana ngumntu abemthembile. Ungaz’ uyibone kakuhle le nto xa umntwana engcatshwa ngumzali, umhlobo okanye umcebisi ongcatsha abethe tyu kuye. Indlela abaxhatshazwa ngayo abantwana ngabazali ibonakala kakuhle kuthotho lweminxeba eyangena kwinkqubo yemfonomfono yabazityand’ igila emva kokusasazwa kwenkqubo ethi “Batye Tyum Abathethi Kuba Besoyika: Ukubek’ Elubala Nokuncothula Neengcambu Ukuxhatshazwa Kwabantwana,” eyayisingathwe nguOprah Winfrey welaseUnited States, owaziwa njengophum’ izandla ekusingatheni iinkqubo zengxoxo. Ulindixesha iChildren Today wakha kumazwi ka-Arnold Shapiro ongumvelisi oyintloko athi: “Eyona nto yayihambisa umzimba kukutsala umnxeba kwabantwana abancinane, bexhaxha luloyiko, bengazi ukuba bangayibaleka baye phi intlungu yokuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwesini.”
Le nkqubo yayibetha yayichitha into yokuba abantu abaxhaphaza abantwana ngamagxamsholo eengxavula ezingaziwayo. Wath’ uShapiro xa equkumbela, eneneni “abona bantu basemva kokuxhatshazwa kwabo ngokugqithiseleyo ngabazali nezinye izihlobo ezisondeleyo.” Olunye uhlolisiso luye lwangqinelana nala mazwi lwaza lwabonisa ukuba izihlobo zentsapho ezithenjiweyo maxa wambi ziye zanyoba umntwana nentsapho yakowabo, ukwenzela ukumxhaphaza kakuhle kamva. Kalok’ umbulo yeyona ndlela ihambis’ umzimba yokungcatshwa kwabantwana ngumntu abebemthembile.
Abantu abaxhaphaza abantwana ngokwesini basesinye nje sezisongelo zabantwana ehlabathini lonke. ITrends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice inikela le ngcaciso: “Xa sithetha nge-paedophilia sithetha ngomntu otsaleleka ngokwesini kubantwana abancinane gqitha. . . . Lilonke nje i-paedophilia iquka ulwaphulo-mthetho olunjengokuxhaphaza ngokwesini, izenzo ezingamanyala neziphathelele izinto ezibonisa amanyala zabantwana.”
Ehlabathini lonke kunyakazel’ iingxelo ezihlasimlis’ umzimba, ezichaza ngezazulu, ekuxhatshazwa kuzo abantwana ngokwesini. (Bona ibhokisi ekwiphepha 7.) Amaxhoba iba ngamakhwenkwe namantombazana amancinane. Eqhathwa ngooqhina kaqhonono bamadod’ ankone ngamaqhinga, ayaxhatshazwa ngokwesini kuze ke emva koko kuthululwe izisongelo okanye ke enzelw’ izinwe ngelokuzama ukuwagcina eyinxalenye “yeqela.” Amadoda aceba aze enze la manyundululu ngokuqhelekileyo idla ngokuba ngamadoda aziinkokeli ezidumileyo ekuhlaleni ibe maxa wambi la manyundululu awenza esaziwa kakuhle yaye ekhuselwe ngamapolisa nayinkundla.
Kuphinde ke ngoku ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana ngokwesini ngabefundisi becawa kutsib’ izicithi. Ukuba uphulaphul’ iindaba ezivela ehlabathini lonke uya kuva kuthethwa ngendlela abantwana abaxhatshazwa ngayo ngabefundisi, maxa wambi loo nto beyenza egameni likaThixo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye umfundisi waseTshetshi owabanjwayo waxelela umntwana oneminyaka elishumi awayemxhaphaza ukuba “[yena njengomfundisi] wayesisithethi sikaThixo, ibe nantoni awayeyenza okanye eyayisenziwa [yile nkwenkwe] yayithandwa nguThixo ibe yayilungile.”
Incwadi ethi The Battle and the Backlash: The Child Sexual Abuse War ehlaziyiweyo yaseOstreliya yenza amagqabantshintshi ngokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana ngabefundisi nabanye abantu abathenjiweyo. Yathi kukhangeleka ngathi eyona nto iphambili kwimibutho ejongene nezi ziqebheyi, kukukokosana nesidima sayo nokuzikhusela kunokuba ibe likhaka kwezi ntsizana zisesichengeni.
Umnkabankaba Wenxeba
Ngokuqhelekileyo xa umntwana ethembele emntwini udla ngokungakrokreli nto. Ukungcatshwa kwakhe ke ngumntu abemthembe ngolo hlobo, kutsho ngenxebakazi engqondweni yalo mntwana ubengalindele nto. Incwadi ethi Child Abuse & Neglect ithi: “Aba bantu neendawo ezakha zalikhaka neentsika ngaphambili, ngoku sele zinobungozi yaye zisoyikeka. Kuya kusiba nzima ukwazi nokulawula abantwana kakuhle.”
Ngenxa yokuba beye baxhatshazwa ke kangangeminyaka emininzi, abanye abantwana bade baba ngabantu abakhulileyo benengxaki yokuphila nabantu zaye ke neengqondo ezi zingathathi kakuhle. Oku kungcatshwa komntwana ngumntu abemthembile kutsho ngesingapholiyo isilonda kuba lo mntwana udlelwe indlala kuba engumntwana. Kanti abantwana abaninzi abaye baxhatshazwa batya tyum bangayithethi le nto—yeyona nto ke bathembisele ngayo abo baxhaphaza abantwana.
Kule minyaka yakutshanje, kukhutshwe intaphane yobungqina bokuba abantwana bebexhatshazwa ehlabathini lonke, kangangokuba kunamhlanjenje intarhantarha yobo bungqina ayinakuze iphikiswe okanye iyayazwe. Kodwa abantu abaninzi bayavumelana nelokuba ukuphelisa ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana asikokudlal’ undize. Yiyo loo nto ke uya kuva imibuzo enjengale: Ngaba ngokwenene ukho umntu oya kuze akhusele abantwana bethu? Abo phakathi kwethu bangabazali banokulikhusela njani eli lifa silinikwe nguThixo baze banyamekele bekhusela abantwana bethu abancinane abameko yabo iphakathi kwenyama nozipho? Abazali bangancedwa ngubani bethu?
[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 7]
Ukugqogqwa KweInternet
Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidluleyo, kwelinye lawona mangqina makhulu okucupha akha aphunywa nxamnye nokuboniswa kwezinto ezingamanyala ezenziwa ngabantwana kwi-Internet, kumazwe ali-12 amapolisa agqogqa amakhaya angaphezu kwali-100 abo barhanelwa ngokuxhaphaza abantwana ngokwesini. Kwesinye isazulu sabantu abaxhaphaza abantwana ngokwesini esiseUnited States, afumana imifanekiso engaphezu kwe-100 000 ebonisa amanyala yabantwana.
Umcuphi waseBritani owayezibambe zatsha eyingqanga kuphando ngeInternet olwathabatha iinyanga ezintlanu wathi: “Umnt’ onengqondo angabona amanyal’ enyoka odwa kuloo mifanekiso.” Kwakukho abantwana besini esahlukeneyo, abanye ke beneminyaka emibini ubudala. Amapolisa aseBelgium athi le mifanekiso yeInternet “yeyona mifanekiso igabadeleyo kwebonisa amanyala enziwa ngabantwana. . . . Sebede abantu baxhaphaze abantwana babo nje, bafuna eyona mifanekiso ihamba phambili.” Enye indoda yathabatha imifanekiso yokudlwengula kwayo umtshana wayo yaza yayifaka ekhompyutheni yayo.
Phakathi kwabarhanelwa kwakukho abafundisi-ntsapho, isazinzulu, umfundi ngezomthetho, ugqirha osafundayo, umphathi weqela leescout, ingcaphephe yezimali nonjingalwazi waseyunivesithi.
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 6]
Isiqhushumbisi sayibetha sayishunqula isandla sasekunene le nkwenkwe
[Inkcazelo]
UN/DPI Photo by Armineh Johannes
[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 7]
Photo ILO/J. Maillard