Indima Ebalulekileyo Yabongikazi
“Umongikazi ngumntu okhuthazayo aze akhusele—umntu okulungeleyo ukunyamekela abantu abagulayo, abenzakeleyo nabasele bekhulile.”—Nursing in Today’s World—Challenges, Issues, and Trends.
NANGONA kubalulekile ukuzinikela emsebenzini, kodwa akwanele ukuze umongikazi abe ulichule. Kwakhona abongikazi abalungileyo bafuna uqeqesho oluthe chatha baze babe namava angakumbi. Enye into ebalulekileyo kukufunda nokufumana uqeqesho lonyaka omnye ukuya kutsho kwemine nangaphezulu. Kodwa ziziphi iimpawu ezenza umongikazi afaneleke? Nazi ezinye iimpendulo ezivela kubongikazi abanamava athe uVukani! wadlan’ indlebe nabo.
“Ugqirha uyanyanga, kodwa umongikazi unyamekela umguli. Oku kuquka ukwakha abaguli abaxhelekileyo ngokweemvakalelo nabenzakele ngokoqobo, ngokomzekelo xa besazi ukuba banesifo esingapheliyo okanye baza kufa kungekudala. Kufuneka ube ngathi ungumama kulo mntu ugulayo.”—UCarmen Gilmartín, eSpeyin.
“Kubalulekile ukuba uyive kuwe intlungu yomguli yaye ufune ukunceda. Kufuneka ube nobubele yaye uzeke kade umsindo. Kufuneka usoloko unxanelwe ukufunda okungakumbi ngokuphathelele ukonga namayeza.”—UTadashi Hatano, eJapan.
“Kwiminyaka yakutshanje abongikazi baye bazama ngamandla ukuba ziingcaphephe. Ngoko ke, ukuba nomdla wokufunda nokukuqonda oko ukufundayo kubalulekile. Kwakhona, abongikazi bafanele benze izigqibo baze bathabathe namanyathelo akhawulezileyo xa imeko ifunisa oko.”—UKeiko Kawane, eJapan.
“Xa ungumongikazi ufanele ube nobubele. Umele unyamezele uze ube novelwano.”—UAraceli García Padilla, eMexico.
“Umongikazi wokwenene ufanele athande ukufunda, abe neliso elibukhali, aze abe yingcaphephe yokwenene. Ukuba umongikazi akazincami—unendawana yokuzingca okanye akalifuni icebiso labanamava kunaye kwezamayeza—loo mongikazi uza kuba yingxaki kubaguli nakwabanye asebenza nabo.”—URosângela Santos, eBrazil.
“Kufuneka iimpawu eziliqela: ukuba bhetyebhetye, ukunyamezela nomonde. Kwakhona kufuneka uvuleke ngengqondo ukwazi ukusebenzisana kakuhle nabo usebenza nabo neziphatha-mandla zezamayeza. Umele ukhawuleze ukufunda ubuchule obutsha ukuze ube luncedo.”—UMarc Koehler, eFransi.
“Umele ubathande abantu uze ukulangazelele ukunceda abanye. Umele ukwazi ukumelana noxinezeleko kuba xa usonga, uwenza kakuhle umsebenzi okanye yehl’ intlekele. Umele ube bhetyebhetye ukuze ukwazi ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi enoba maxa wambi unabasebenzi abambalwa—ngaphandle kokuthoba umgangatho.”—UClaudia Rijker-Baker, eNetherlands.
Umongikazi Njengomnyamekeli
INursing in Today’s World ithi “ukonga kunxulumene nokunyamekela umntu kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zezamayeza. Ngenxa yoko, sicinga ngamayeza abandakanyekileyo kunyango lomguli size simonge ngenyameko.”
Ngenxa yoko, umongikazi uyanyamekela. Ngoko ke, lizicacele elokuba, umongikazi umele abe nenyameko. Phambili phayaa kwakha kwabuzwa lo mbuzo kubongikazi abali-1 200 abaqeshiweyo, “Yintoni eyona nto ibalulekileyo kumsebenzi wenu njengabongikazi?” Ama-98 ekhulwini aphendula athi kukubonisa inyameko esemgangathweni.
Maxa wambi abongikazi bakujongela phantsi ukuxabiseka kwabo kubaguli. UCarmen Gilmartín, ocatshulwe ngasentla, umongikazi onamava eminyaka eli-12, wamxelela oku uVukani!: “Ndakha ndazityand’ igila komnye umhlobo wam, ndimxelela ukuba ndiziva ndimncinane ukuba ndinganyanga abaguli abagula kakhulu. Ndandizigqala ndinikela nje ‘uNyango Olungephi.’ Kodwa umhlobo wam wathi: ‘Olo “Nyango Lungephi” luxabisekile, kuba xa umntu egula, kufuneka wena kunayo nayiphi na enye into—umongikazi onovelwano.’”
Lizicacele elokuba, ukunikela loo nyameko kunokuzisa uxinezeleko kumongikazi osebenza iiyure ezilishumi nangaphezulu suku ngalunye! Yintoni eye yakhuthaza aba banyamekeli bazinikeleyo ukuba babe ngabongikazi?
Kutheni Bengabongikazi?
UVukani! uye wadlan’ indlebe nabongikazi abasehlabathini lonke waza wababuza lo mbuzo, “Yintoni eye yanikhuthaza ukuba nibe ngabongikazi?” Nazi ezinye iindlela abaye baphendula ngazo.
UTerry Weatherson uneminyaka engama-47 engumongikazi. Ngoku uyingcaphephe enyanga abaguli kwiSebe Elijongene Nezifo Zamalungu Omchamo kwisibhedlele saseManchester, eNgilani. Uthi: “Ndakhuliswa njengomKatolika ndaza ndahlala kwisikolo samaKatolika. Ndiseyintombazana, ndagqiba kwelokuba ndifuna ukuba ngunongendi okanye umongikazi. Eyona nto ndandiyinqwenela kukunceda abanye. Mhlawumbi kusenokwenzeka olo yayilubizo lwam. Njengokuba uzibonela nawe, kwaphumelela eli cala lokuba ngumongikazi.”
UChiwa Matsunaga waseSaitama, eJapan, ebenekliniki yakhe kangangeminyaka esibhozo. Uthi: “Ndazeka mzekweni wento eyayidla ngokuthethwa ngutata esithi ‘kubhetele ukufunda ubuchule obuya kukwenza usebenze ubomi bakho bonke.’ Ndakhetha ke ukuba ngumongikazi.”
UEtsuko Kotani waseTokyo, eJapan, ongumongikazi oyintloko nonamava eminyaka engama-38 esonga, wathi: “Ndisesesikolweni, utata wawa isiduli waza wopha kakhulu. Njengoko ndandimbukele esibhedlele, ndagqiba kwelokuba ndiya kuba ngumongikazi ukuze ndincede abantu abagulayo kwikamva.”
Abanye bakhuthazwa kukugula kwabo. UEneida Vieyra, umongikazi waseMexico, uthi: “Xa ndandineminyaka emithandathu ubudala ndalaliswa esibhedlele kangangeeveki ezimbini ngenxa yesifo semiphunga, yaye ndagqiba ngelo xesha ukuba ndifuna ukuba ngumongikazi.”
Ngokucacileyo, ukuba ngumongikazi kufuna umntu azincame ngokupheleleyo. Makhe siphose iliso kucelomngeni nomvuzo walo msebenzi umhle kangaka.
Uvuyo Olubangelwa Kukuba Ngumongikazi
Luluphi uvuyo olubangelwa kukonga? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ixhomekeke ekubeni umntu lowo ukweliphi icala lokonga. Ngokomzekelo, ababelekisi, baba ngathi bafumene isipho esithile xa bebelekise ngokunempumelelo. Omnye umbelekisi waseNetherlands uthi: “Kuyamangalisa ukuzalwa kosana olusempilweni nobuneliso kwinkqubela yalo.” UJolanda Gielen-Van Hooft, naye ongowaseNetherlands, uthi: “Ukuzalwa kosana kuyenye yezona zinto zintle—enokwenzeka kwisibini—nombelekisi. Ngummangaliso!”
URachid Assam waseDreux, eFransi, ungumongi kaRhulumente nokwicandelo lokudoma yaye akakabi phi kwiminyaka yakhe yobudala engama-40. Kutheni ekunandipha ukonga? Uthi kungenxa “yokuba lo msebenzi uyachulumancisa yaye uziva anelisekile xa ebe negalelo kutyando olube yimpumelelo. UIsaac Bangili, naye osuka eFransi uthi: “Ndichukunyiswa yimibulelo esiyifumana kubaguli neentsapho zabo, ingakumbi kwiimeko zongxamiseko apho siye saphumelela ukusindisa umguli ebekungasekho themba ngaye.”
UTerry Weatherson, okhankanywe ngaphambilana wathunyelelwa amazwi ombulelo. Omnye umhlolokazi wabhala: “Ndithanda ukuxhakamfula eli thuba lokukhankanya indlela owasinika isiqabu ngayo, nobukho bakho ngexesha lokugula kukaCharles. Ububele bakho babufana nesibane esithe qhashi, yaye bafana neliwa elalisixhasile.”
Ukujamelana Nocelomngeni
Kodwa phakathi kovuyo lokuba ngumongikazi kukho nocelomngeni oluninzi. Akumele kubekho zimpazamo kulo msebenzi! Enoba umnika iyeza okanye utsala igazi okanye ufaka into emithanjeni kwanokutshintsha umguli umbeka kwenye indawo, umongikazi umele alumke gqitha. Akanakwenza mpazamo—yaye oku kwenzeka kakhulu kumazwe apho abantu bathanda ukumangala. Kodwa, maxa wambi umongikazi uba kwimeko enzima. Ngokomzekelo, masithi umongikazi uvakalelwa kukuba ugqirha unike umguli amayeza ebengafanelanga ukuba umnikile okanye umnike imiyalelo engazi kumnceda umguli. Umongikazi uza kwenza ntoni? Ngaba uza kucel’ umngeni ugqirha? Oku kufuna inkalipho, ubuchule nobuciko—yaye kunobungozi. Okulusizi kukuba, kwabanye oogqirha akangeni kamnandi amacebiso abo babagqala bengaphantsi.
Baye bathini abanye abongikazi ngalo mbandela? UBarbara Reineke waseWisconsin, eUnited States, ongumongikazi obhalisiweyo kangangeminyaka engama-34, wamxelela oku uVukani!: “Umongikazi umele abe nenkalipho. Okokuqala, unembopheleleko engokwasemthethweni nangawo nawaphi na amayeza awanika abantu nonyango alunikelayo nangomonakalo owenziwa lulo. Ufanele akwazi ukwala ukwenza ngokomyalelo kagqirha ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba loo nto ayimele yenziwe nguye okanye ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba loo nto iphosakele. Ukonga akusafani noko kwexesha likaFlorence Nightingale okanye okweminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo. Ngoku umongikazi ufanele azi ukuba kunini apho anokwala khona kugqirha yaye kunini apho anokunyanzela ukuba ugqirha anyange umguli, enoba kusezinzulwini zobusuku. Yaye ukuba uthe kanti uyaphazama ufanele uqine ngokwaneleyo ukwamkela ukugxekwa ngugqirha.”
Enye ingxaki abongikazi abaye bajamelane nayo lugonyamelo emsebenzini. Ingxelo evela eMzantsi Afrika ithi abongikazi “ngabona bantu basengozini yokuxhatshazwa baze baphathwe ngogonyamelo emsebenzini. Enyanisweni, abongikazi basengozini yokuhlaselwa emsebenzini kunabalindi beentolongo okanye amapolisa yaye ama-72% abongikazi aziva engakhuselekanga ekuxhatshazweni.” Kuye kwanikelwa ingxelo efanayo ngeUnited Kingdom, apho ama-97 ekhulwini abongikazi ekuye kwathethwa nabo kuhlolisiso lwakutshanje babenomongikazi abamaziyo owabethwa wenzakaliswa kunyaka ongaphambili. Yintoni ebangela olu gonyamelo? Ngokufuthi, le ngxaki ibangelwa ngabaguli abasebenzisa iziyobisi okanye abaselayo okanye abaxinezelekileyo okanye abasentlungwini.
Kwakhona abongikazi kuye kufuneke bahlangabezane nokudinwa okubangelwa luxinezeleko. Enye ingxaki kukuba mbalwa kwabasebenzi. Xa umongikazi okhutheleyo engenakukwazi ukunyamekela umguli kakuhle ngenxa yomsebenzi omninzi gqitha, ukhawuleza abe noxinezeleko. Ukuzama ukuleqa ngokungayi ekhefini nokusebenza iiyure ezingakumbi kukhangeleka kusenza udandatheko lube ngakumbi.
Ehlabathini lonke izibhedlele ezininzi azinabasebenzi baneleyo. Ingxelo yeMundo Sanitario yaseMadrid ithi: “Asinabongikazi baneleyo kwizibhedlele zethu. Nabani na oye wafuna uncedo lwezamayeza uyakuqonda ukubaluleka kwabongikazi.” Kwathiwa yintoni unobangela wokungabikho kwabongikazi? Kukufuna ukonga imali! Ingxelo ekwafanayo yathi izibhedlele zaseMadrid zazinabongikazi abangaphantsi nge-13 000 kunenani elifunekayo!
Esinye isizathu ekwathiwa sibangela uxinezeleko kukuba iiyure zomsebenzi zisoloko zinde yaye umvuzo uphantsi. IThe Scotsman yathi: “Ngaphezu komongikazi omnye kwabahlanu eBritani nesiqingatha sabo bancedisana nabongikazi banomnye umsebenzi abawenzayo ukuze bakwazi ukuziphilisa, ngokutsho kombutho wabasebenzi iUnison.” Abongikazi aba-3 kwaba-4 bavakalelwa kukuba abahlawulwa kakuhle. Oku kuye kwaphumela ekubeni abaninzi bagqibe ekubeni bawushiye lo msebenzi.
Kukho nezinye iinkalo eziliqela ezibangela abongikazi babe noxinezeleko. Ngokwamagqabaza uVukani! awafumana kubongikazi ehlabathini jikelele, kubonakala ukuba ukufa kwabaguli kunokubangela uxinezeleko. UMagda Souang waseYiputa, usebenza eBrooklyn, eNew York. Xa wabuzwayo ukuba yintoni eyayisenza umsebenzi wakhe ube nzima, waphendula wathi: “Kukubukela ubuncinane abaguli abangama-30 abagulela ukufa nebendibanyamekela ngokusondeleyo besifa kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi. Loo nto ikutheza amandla.” Akumangalisi ukuba enye incwadi ithi: “Ukuqhubeka uzinikela ekunyamekeleni abaguli abafayo kunokukudimaza gqitha.”
Ikamva Labongikazi
Ukwanda nempembelelo yobugcisa kubangela ingcinezelo kumsebenzi wokonga. Ucelomngeni kukudibanisa ubugcisa nobuntu, indlela echubekileyo yokusebenzisana nabaguli. Awukho umatshini onokuthabathel’ indawo inyameko nobubele bomongikazi.
Omnye ulindixesha uthi: “Ukonga ngumsebenzi ongasoze uphele. . . . Logama nje uluntu lusekho, kusaya kuqhubeka kukho imfuneko yokunyamekela, ububele nokuqonda.” Ukonga kuyayizalisekisa loo njongo. Kodwa kukho isizathu esingakumbi sokuba nethemba eliqaqambileyo kumbandela wezempilo. IBhayibhile ibonisa ukuba kusaya kubakho ixesha apho kungasayi kubakho mntu uthi, “Ndiyagula.” (Isaya 33:24) Oogqirha, abongikazi nezibhedlele azisayi kufuneka kwihlabathi elitsha elithenjiswe nguThixo.—Isaya 65:17; 2 Petros 3:13.
Kwakhona iBhayibhile ithembisa ukuba “UThixo . . . uya kuzisula zonke iinyembezi emehlweni abo, kungabi sabakho kufa, kungabi sabakho kuzila nakukhala nantlungu kwakhona. Izinto zangaphambili zidlule.” (ISityhilelo 21:3, 4) Noko ke, okwangoku sifanele sibulele ingqalelo enikelwa zizigidi zabongikazi ehlabathini lonke, ebekunokuthi xa zingekho kungabi mnandi ukuhlala esibhedlele okanye kungabi nakwenzeka! Hayi indlela ofaneleke ngayo umbuzo othi, “Abongikazi—besiya kuba ngabakabani ngaphandle kwabo?”
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UFlorence Nightingale—Wahlahl’ Indlela Yokonga Kwezi Mini
Njengoko wazalwa ngowe-1820 eItali ngabazali abazizinhanha baseBritani, uFlorence Nightingale wakhula efekethiswa. UFlorence oselula wazikhaba izicelo zomtshato waza wafundela ezempilo nokunyamekela amahlwempu. Phezu kokuchaswa ngabazali bakhe, uFlorence wafumana iqhuzu kwisikolo sokuqeqesha abongikazi eKaiserswerth, eJamani. Kamva, wafunda eParis, waza eneminyaka engama-33 ubudala, waba yintsumpa yesibhedlele samabhinqa eLondon.
Kodwa wajamelana nolona celomngeni xa wazinikela ekunyamekeleni amajoni awenzakeleyo eCrimea. Apho yena neqela lakhe labongikazi abangama-38 kwafuneka bacoce isibhedlele esasizele ziimpuku. Lo msebenzi wawumkhulu, kuba ekuqaleni kwakungekho sepha, kungekho zitya zakuhlambela okanye amalaphu, kungekho mandlalo baneleyo, oomatrasi okanye amalaphu okubopha. UFlorence neqela lakhe bamelana nolu celomngeni, yaye ekupheleni kwemfazwe wayesele ephucule ukonga nolawulo lwezibhedlele ehlabathini lonke. Ngowe-1860 waseka iNightingale Training School for Nurses eSt. Thomas’ Hospital eLondon—esisikolo sokuqala sabongikazi esingekho ngaphantsi konqulo. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ngowe-1910, wayengumlwelwe oselukhukweni lokufa kangangeminyaka emininzi. Sekunjalo, waqhubeka ebhala iincwadi namaphecana ngelokuzama ukuphucula umgangatho wempilo.
Abanye bakhalazela imfesane kaFlorence Nightingale, besithi nabanye bafanele banconywe ngendlela efanayo ngenxa yegalelo labo ekongeni. Ukongezelela, udumo lwakhe belukhe lwashukuxwa kakhulu. Ngokutsho kwencwadi ethi A History of Nursing, abanye bathi “wayenomsindo okhawulezayo, engunongqwaza, enguzwilakhe, ekhohlakele yaye engumayitshe,” ngoxa abanye babechukumiseka “bubukrelekrele bakhe nobuqhakraqhakra, amandla akhe amangalisayo kwakunye nezinye iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zobuntu bakhe.” Enoba ke wayengumntu onjani, nantsi into esiqiniseke ngayo: Ubuchule bakhe bokonga nokulawula isibhedlele banwenwela kumazwe amaninzi. Ugqalwa njengowahlahl’ indlela yomsebenzi wokonga esiwaziyo namhlanje.
[Umfanekiso]
ISt. Thomas’ Hospital emva kokusekwa kweNightingale Training School for Nurses
[Inkcazelo]
Courtesy National Library of Medicine
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Iimfaneleko Zomongikazi
Umongikazi: “Ngumntu ozifaneleyo iimfaneleko zenzululwazi zokonga noyifikelelayo imilinganiselo efunekayo yemfundo neyokunyanga.”
Umongikazi Onesiqinisekiso: “Ngumongikazi onemfundo enomsila oye wanikwa igunya ngokusemthethweni (isiqinisekiso) lokunyanga emva kokuba eye wahlolwa liqumrhu laseburhulumenteni elihlola abongikazi . . . othe ngokusemthethweni wafumana umqondiso onguR.N.”
Umongikazi Oyingcaphephe Yezonyango: “Ngumongikazi onolwazi nobuchule obukumgangatho ophakame ngendlela ekhethekileyo ekongeni.”
Umongikazi Ongumbelekisi: “Ngumntu ofundiswe iinkalo ezimbini zokonga nokubelekisa.”
Umongikazi Wemveli:“Ngumntu onamava okonga kodwa ongazange akufundele oko kwisikolo sokonga.”
Umongikazi Wemveli Oneempepha: “Ngumntu ophumelele kwisikolo sabongikazi . . . oye wagunyaziswa ukuba abe ngumongikazi wemveli okanye ofumene ubizo.”
[Inkcazelo]
Oku kusuka kwimpapasho yaseUnited States iDorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary
UN/J. Isaac
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‘Isiseko Sonyango Lwezempilo’
Kwi-International Council of Nurses Centennial Conference ngoJuni 1999, uGqr. Gro Harlem Brundtland, umlawuli-jikelele weWorld Health Organization, wathi:
“Abongikazi, njengeentsika zonyango olusemagqabini, ngabona bakwimeko entle yokuphucula umgangatho wempilo kwesi sijikelezi-langa sethu. . . . Njengoko abongikazi nababelekisi bebumba ama-80% abasebenzi abaphum’ izandla bezempilo kwinkqubo yezempilo yamazwe amaninzi, basebenza njengeqela elimanyeneyo ukuze bazise utshintsho oluyimfuneko lokuhlangabezana neemfuno zeMpilo-ntle Yabo Bonke kwinkulungwane yama-21. Eneneni, igalelo labo kwezempilo ligubungela lonke iziko lezempilo . . . Kucacile ukuba abongikazi basisiseko samaqela amaninzi ezempilo.”
Owayesakuba ngumongameli waseMexico, uErnesto Zedillo Ponce de León, wabancoma ngokukhethekileyo abongikazi baseMexico kwintetho yakhe awathi kuyo: “Suku ngalunye nonke . . . ninikela olona lwazi lwenu lubalulekileyo, umanyano lwenu, inkonzo yenu ukuze nilondoloze nize ninike impilo kubantu baseMexico. Suku ngalunye ninikela kungekuphela nje uncedo lwenu olusemagqabini kodwa nentuthuzelo enobubele, nozinikelo nobuntu benu kwabo babufuna ngamandla. . . . Nilelona candelo likhulu kumaziko ethu ezempilo . . . Nabuphi na ubomi obusindiswayo, kumntwana ngamnye ogonywayo, kumntwana ngamnye ozalwayo, kwintetho nganye yezempilo kunyango ngalunye, kumguli ngamnye onyanyekelwayo nofumana inkxaso, kukho isandla somongikazi.”
[Inkcazelo]
UN/DPI Photo by Greg Kinch
UN/DPI Photo by Evan Schneider
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Ugqirha Onoxabiso
UGqr. Sandeep Jauhar weNew York Presbyterian Hospital wabulela abongikazi abanobuchule. Umongikazi ngobuchule wameyisela ekubeni umguli owayegulela ukufa wayefuna imorphine engakumbi. Wabhala wathi: “Abongikazi abanobuchule bafundisa noogqirha. Abongikazi abakumacandelo akhethekileyo njengakwicandelo labagula kakhulu baphakathi kwezona ngcaphephe zifumene uqeqesho oluphambili esibhedlele. Ngoxa ndandisaqeqeshelwa ubugqirha, bandifundisa ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezithile nokulungelelanisa umatshini wokuphefumla. Bandixelela nangamayeza ekwafuneka ndingawasebenzisi.”
Waqhubeka wathi: “Abongikazi baxhasa abaguli ngokwengqondo nangokweemvakalelo, kuba bangabona bantu bachitha ixesha elininzi kunye nabo. . . . Kunqabile ukufane ndikhawuleze ngaphandle kwaxa umongikazi endimthembayo esithi makhe ndiye kubona umguli othile ngokukhawuleza.”
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“Eyona nto ndandiyinqwenela kukunceda abanye.”—UTerry Weatherson, eNgilani.
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“Njengoko ndandibukele utata esibhedlele, ndagqiba kwelokuba ndiya kuba ngumongikazi.”—UEtsuko Kotani, eJapan.
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‘Ukubelekisa yenye yezona zinto zivuyisa umbelekisi.’—UJolanda Gielen-Van Hooft, eNetherlands.
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Ababelekisi bayavuya baze baneliseke xa beye bafaka isandla ekuzalweni komntwana