Indalo Nobomi Zabakho Njani?
“Inzululwazi ngaphandle konqulo iyaqhwalela, unqulo ngaphandle kwenzululwazi lumfamekile.”—UAlbert Einstein.
IZINTO ezintsha ezifunyaniswe namhlanje zishiye abantu bebamb’ ongezantsi. Ngenxa yokubona izinto ezisesibhakabhakeni, kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ziyihlole ngokutsha indlela eziyijonga ngayo imvelaphi yendalo. Abantu abaninzi bayamangaliswa xa bekhangele indalo yaye ibangela bazibuze imibuzo ekudala ijinga ngokuphathelele ubukho bethu: Indalo nobomi zabakho njani yaye kwakutheni ukuze zibekho?
Ukanti naxa ukhangela kwelinye icala—kwimizimba yethu—uhlolisiso lwakutshanje lwemizila yemfuza lubangele ukuba kubekho imibuzo efana nale: Yadalwa njani intlaninge yezinto eziphilayo? Yaye ukuba kukho umntu owazidalayo, ngubani? Ukuntsonkotha kwemizila yethu yemfuza kwashukumisela umongameli waseUnited States ukuba athi “siyayibona indlela uThixo awadala ngayo izinto eziphilayo.” Esinye sezazinzulu eziphambili ekuphandeni ngemizila yemfuza sathi: “Noko ngoku sinalo ufifana ngendlela esidalwe ngayo, nto leyo ibikade isaziwa nguThixo kuphela.” Kodwa ayikaphenduleki imibuzo ethi—sadalwa njani yaye kwakutheni ukuze sidalwe?
‘Iifestile Ezimbini’
Ezinye izazinzulu zithi akufuneki bulumko bukaThixo ukuze kwaziwe ngokuqhubekayo kwindalo, kufuneka nje umntu asebenzise ingqiqo. Kodwa, abantu abaninzi kuquka izazinzulu abavumelani naloo ngcamango. Bazama ukufumanisa eyona nyaniso ngokujonga kwinzululwazi nakunqulo. Bavakalelwa kukuba inzululwazi ihlolisisa indlela thina kunye nendalo esabakho ngayo, ngoxa unqulo ngokuyintloko luhlolisisa isizathu sobukho bethu.
Sithetha ngale nto yokukhangela kuwo omabini la macala, isazi ngemichiza uFreeman Dyson sathi: “Inzululwazi nonqulo zifana neefestile ezimbini uluntu olukroba kuzo xa lufuna ukwazi ngendalo.”
Umbhali uWilliam Rees-Mogg wathi: “Ulwazi lwenzululwazi lusikelw’ umda, kanti unqulo luphangalele ngezinto. Inzululwazi ayinakungqinela okanye iphikise ubukho bukaThixo yaye ingenako nokungqinela okanye iphikise imvo yokubona ubuhle. Asikho isizathu esisekelwe kwinzululwazi sokuthanda ummelwane okanye ukuhlonela ubomi . . . Bubuvuvu ukungakholelwa kwizinto esizithandayo eziquka uThixo, ubuntu, uthando, imibongo nomculo kuba nje zingenakungqinwa yinzululwazi.”
“Iinkolelo” Zenzululwazi
Ngandlel’ ithile iingcamango zezazinzulu zisoloko zisekelwe kwinkolelo ethile yazo. Ngokomzekelo, ngokuphathelele imvelaphi yobomi, abantu abaninzi abakholelwa kwindaleko bavumelana neengcamango ezisekelwe “kwiimfundiso” ezithile. Badibanisa izinto eziyinyaniso neengcamango zabo. Xa izazinzulu zinyanzela abantu ukuba bakholelwe kwimfundiso yendaleko engenasiseko, kufana nokungathi zithi: ‘Akukho sizathu sokuba uzixakekise ngemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kuba wabakho nje ngenxa yebhayoloji, nemichiza.’ Isazi ngebhayoloji uRichard Dawkins sithi ‘akukho njongo kummandla wendalo, akukho nto imbi kungekho nanto intle, into ekhoyo ngumahluko nje ongenamsebenzi.’
Ukuze zixhase ezo ngcamango, ezinye izazinzulu zixolel’ ukugatya uphando olunzulu olwenziwe zezinye izazinzulu oluphikisana neengcamango zazo ngokuphathelele imvelaphi yobomi. Akukhathaliseki nokuba kunokudlula amawaka ezigidi eminyaka, into yokuba iimolekyuli ezintsonkothileyo zinokusuka zidibane nje zenze iseli ephilayo, yinto engenakuze yenzeke.a Ngoko iingcamango eziphathelele imvelaphi yobomi ezikwiincwadi ezininzi zibubuvuvu.
Ukuze ukholelwe ukuba ubomi bavela ngamabona-ndenzile, kufuneka ube nokholo olungaphezu kolomntu okholelwa ukuba izinto zadalwa. Isazi ngeenkwenkwezi uDavid Block sithi: “Umntu ongakholelwayo kubukho boMdali, kufuneka abe nokholo ngaphezu komntu okholelwayo kubukho bakhe. Xa umntu esithi akukho Thixo, uthetha ngento angenabungqina bayo—ingcamango efuna ukholo.”
Izinto ezifunyaniswe zizazinzulu zinokubangela ukuba ezinye zazo zibe nentlonelo ngobomi. UAlbert Einstein wathi: “Phantse zonke izazinzulu eziziinkcuba-buchopho zineenkolelo zazo. . . . Ezo nkolelo zinokubonwa kwindlela ezimangaliswa ngayo xa zibona ukulungelelana kwendalo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba kukho umongami onobulumko nobuchule bokwenza izinto obungaphaya kobukrelekrele bomntu.” Phofu ke loo nto ayibangeli ukuba izazinzulu zikholelwe ukuba ukho uMdali onguThixo.
Ukusikelwa Umda Kwenzululwazi
Kufanelekile ukuba nentlonelo ngeengcamango nangezinto eziye zafunyaniswa zizazinzulu. Noko ke, abaninzi baya kuvuma ukuba nangona inzululwazi inokusinika ulwazi ukusa kumkhamo othile, kodwa asikuphela komthombo wolwazi. Injongo yenzululwazi kukusixelela ngeenkqubo ezikhoyo kwindalo nokusinceda siqonde indlela ezenzeka ngayo.
Inzululwazi isenza siqonde ngakumbi izinto esizibonayo kwindalo. Kungakhathaliseki nokuba lunokuhambela phambili kangakanani uphando lwenzululwazi, kodwa ayisokuze isixelele isizathu sokubakho kwendalo.
Umbhali uTom Utley uthi: “Kukho imibuzo engasokuze iphendulwe zizazinzulu. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwabakho Ugqabhuko-dubulo kwiminyaka eli-12 lamawaka ezigidi eyadlulayo. Kodwa kwakutheni ukuze lubekho? . . . Abakho njani wona loo masuntswana? Kwakukho ntoni ngaphambi koko?” Lo kaUtley ushwankathela ngelithi: “Kuya kucaca ukuba. . . inzululwazi ayinakuze ibaphendule ngendlela eyanelisayo abantu.”
Kunokuba ulwazi lwezazinzulu luphikise ubukho bukaThixo, luye lwangqina ukuba siphila kwihlabathi elinobugocigoci obuntsonkothileyo nelimangalisayo. Abantu abaninzi abasebenzisa ingqondo bayabona ukuba ukho uMdali xa bebona ukusebenza kwemithetho elawula indalo, imichiza, i-DNA kwakunye neentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Abukho ubungqina bokuba akakho uMdali.
‘Ukholo Lusekelwe Kwizibakala’
Asinakuxhomekeka kwiiteleskopu, iimikroskopu okanye ezinye izixhobo zenzululwazi ukuze sazi ngoMdali nangeenjongo zakhe. Cinga nje ngengqayi nomntu oyibumbileyo. Nokuba ungayijika-jika uyithini, ayinakuze ikuxelele isizathu sokuba yenziwe. Ukuze wazi, umele ubuze umbumbi wayo.
Isazi ngeemolekyuli uFrancis Collins sicacisa indlela ukholo nokuthanda izinto zokomoya okunokuyiphendula ngayo imibuzo eyintsinda-badala kwinzululwazi: “Andilindelanga kufumana iinkcukacha ngemizila yemfuza kunqulo, ndingalindelanga nokufumana inkcazelo ngezinto ezingaphaya kwamandla emvelo kwinzululwazi. Kodwa imibuzo ebalulekileyo enjengale ‘Siyintoni isizathu sokuba sibe lapha?’ okanye ‘Kutheni abantu benomdla kwizinto zokomoya?’ andinakulindela ukuba iphendulwe yinzululwazi. Iinkolelo zabantu ziyaguquguquka. Ukholo aluguquguquki kuba lusekelwe kwizibakala.”
Isizathu Sobukho Bendalo
Xa luchaza isizathu sobukho bendalo nenjongo yobomi, unqulo lokwenyaniso lukwasinika imilinganiselo yokuziphatha nokhokelo ebomini. Isazinzulu uAllan Sandage sona sathi: “Andixhomekekanga kwiincwadi zebhayoloji ukuze ndazi indlela emandiphile ngayo.”
Ehlabathini lonke izigidi zabantu zivakalelwa kukuba ziyazi apho zinokufunda khona indlela emaziphile ngayo. Kwakhona zivakalelwa kukuba ziye zaphenduleka kwimibuzo enjengethi: Kutheni silapha? Sisinge phi? Zikho iimpendulo zaloo mibuzo. Kodwa zifumaneka phi? Kweyona ncwadi indala nesasazwe ngokubanzi, iBhayibhile engcwele.
IBhayibhile isixelela ukuba uThixo ubukhulu becala wadala umhlaba ngenxa yoluntu. UIsaya 45:18 uthi xa ethetha ngomhlaba: ‘UThixo akawudalelanga ilize, kodwa wawubumba ukuba umiwe.’ Yaye umhlaba wawenza ngohlobo lokuba wanelise zonke iimfuno zabantu, kungekuphela nje ukuze baphile kodwa ukuze banandiphe ubomi ngokupheleleyo.
Abantu banikwa umsebenzi ‘wokulima nokunyamekela’ umhlaba. (Genesis 2:15) Ukanti iBhayibhile ithi uThixo wasinika ulwazi nobulumko yaye simele sithandane size siphathane ngokusesikweni. (Yobhi 28:20, 25, 27; Daniyeli 2:20-23) Ngaloo ndlela, abantu baya kuyazi intsingiselo yobomi bakufumanisa injongo yokudalwa kwabo nguThixo baze bayixabise.b
Umntu oyisebenzisayo ingqondo unokuzidibanisa njani iingcamango zenzululwazi nezonqulo? Yiyiphi imigaqo enokumnceda akwazi ukwenjenjalo?
[Imibhalo esemazantsi]
a Bona incwadi ethi Is There a Creator Who Cares About You?, isahluko 3, esinomxholo othi “What Is the Origin of Life?” (“Bavela Phi Ubomi?”), epapashwe ngamaNgqina kaYehova.
b Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezingakumbi ngalo mbandela, bona incwadana enemifanekiso ethi Iyintoni Injongo Yobomi? Unokuyifumana Njani?, epapashwe ngamaNgqina kaYehova.
[Ibhokisi/Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 7]
Uluvo Lwezinye Izazinzulu
Abanye abantu bavakalelwa kukuba, uninzi lwezazinzulu lungazingeni nje izinto zokomoya nezakwalizwi kukuba aziluthandi unqulo yaye azifuni kuzifaka kumbhodamo ophakathi konqulo nenzululwazi. Ewe, ezinye izazinzulu zivakalelwa ngolo hlobo kodwa asizizo zonke. Khawuphulaphule uluvo lwezinye zazo.
“Indalo yaba nesiqalo kodwa izazinzulu azisazi isizathu sokubakho kwayo. NguThixo osaziyo.” “IBhayibhile ndiyigqala njengencwadi eyinyaniso nephefumlelwe nguThixo. Umele ukuba ukrelekrele umntu owadala izidalwa eziphilayo.”—UKen Tanaka, osisazi ngezijikelezi-langa se-U.S. Geological Survey.
“Umahluko kwiingcamango ezahlukahlukeneyo (zenzululwazi nonqulo) ubangelwa ngabantu . . . . Ulwazi ngoMdali nendalo luyavisisana.”—UEnrique Hernández, umphengululi nonjingalwazi kwiDepartment of Physics and Theoretical Chemistry, yeNational Autonomous University of Mexico.
“Njengoko sihlolisisa [imizila yemfuza], siza kubona ukuntsonkotha kwayo nendlela edibana ngayo. Siza kubona ukuba ezi zinto zenziwa ngumdali okrelekrele.”—UDuane T. Gish, isazi ngemichiza.
“Inzululwazi ayingqubani nonqulo. Zombini zikwiphulo lokufuna inyaniso. Inzululwazi ibonisa ukuba ukho uThixo.”—UD.H.R. Barton, isazi ngemichiza, eTexas.
[Inkcazelo]
NASA/U.S. Geological Survey
Photo: www.comstock.com
NASA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 5]
Ngaba uhlolisiso olwenziwe yinzululwazi lunokusichazela isizathu sokuba sibe lapha?
[Inkcazelo]
Courtesy Arecibo Observatory/David Parker/Science Photo Library
[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 6]
Stars on pages 2, 3, 5, and top of page 7: National Optical Astronomy Observatories