Isizathu Sokuba Ezinye Izazinzulu Zikholelwe KuThixo

LUYA lusanda ulwazi lwezazinzulu ngokuphathelele indalo nezinto eziphila kwisijikelezi-langa sethu. Sekunjalo, izazinzulu nabantu abaqhelekileyo basazibuza le mibuzo isisiseko: Yabakho njani indalo? Kwakukho ntoni ngaphambili? Kutheni kubonakala ngathi ummandla wendalo ulungiselelwe ukuba ube nezinto eziphila kuwo? Baqala njani ubomi emhlabeni?

Inzululwazi ayinako ukuyiphendula le mibuzo. Abanye abantu bayathandabuza enoba iya kuze ikwazi ukuyiphendula. Ngoko ke, kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba abantu abaninzi bacingisise nzulu ngeembono neenkolelo zabo. Makhe sihlole izinto ezintathu ezikhokelele izazinzulu ukuba zicingisise nzulu ngobukho boMdali.

Ukulungelelana Kwezinto Kwindalo—Ngaba Kwenzeka Ngamabona-ndenzile?

Omnye umbuzo ophambili uphathelele ukulungelelana kwezinto kwindalo. Kutheni kukho imithetho engaguquguqukiyo elawula indalo neyingenelo kwizinto eziphila kwisijikelezi-langa sethu?

Sithetha ngantoni xa sithetha ngokulungelelana kwezinto kwindalo? Khawucinge ngeentlobo ezine zamandla alawula indalo: ielectromagnetism, umxhuzulane, istrong nuclear force neweak nuclear force.a La mandla achaphazela zonke izinto ezikhoyo kummandla wendalo. Alungelelene ngeyona ndlela kangangokuba ukuphazamiseka nje okuncinane kwawo kunokubangela kungabikho nto iphilayo kummandla wendalo.

Abantu abaninzi abaqiqayo bayazi ukuba oku akuzange kwenzeke ngamabona-ndenzile. UJohn Polkinghorne, owayesakuba yingcali yamachiza kwiCambridge University wathi: “Xa ubona ukulungelelana kwemithetho elawula indalo utsho uqonde ukuba indalo ayizange izivelele, kodwa yenziwa ngenjongo.”

UPaul Davies, ingcali yamachiza yaseOstreliya uyavumelana noku, wathi: “Ngokuqinisekileyo ezinye izazinzulu . . . ziyayihleka ingcamango yobukho bukaThixo okanye umntu owamisela imithetho yendalo.” Walek’ umsundulo ngelithi: “Mna ngokunokwam andivumelani nazo. . . . Andiqondi ukuba sabakho ngamabona-ndenzile, . . . oko kukuthi sabakho ngempazamo.”

Ingxaki Yokucacisa Ukuntsonkotha Kwendalo

Ingxaki yesibini edida izazinzulu namhlanje iphathelele ukuntsonkotha kwendalo esingqongileyo. Yaziwa nanguthathatha into yokuba izinto ezintsonkothileyo azenzeki ngamabona-ndenzile. Cinga ngalo mzekelo.

Zininzi izinto ezimele zenzeke ngendlela elungeleleneyo ukuze kubekho i-DNA esisiseko sobomi. Kumashumi amathathu eminyaka eyadlulayo, uGqr. Frank Salisbury weUtah State University, eUnited States wazama ukufumanisa indlela eyenzeka ngayo imolekyuli ye-DNA ebalulekileyo ukuze izinto ziphile. Wafumanisa ukuba mancinane gqitha amathuba okuba izivelele kangangokuba iingcali zithi oku akunakwenzeka.b

Oku kuntsonkotha kubonakala ngokukodwa xa izidalwa ezintsonkothileyo zingenakuphila ngaphandle kwezinye izidalwa ezintsonkothileyo. Makhe sihlolisise umzekelo wokuveliswa kwenzala.

Ngokutsho kwemfundiso yendaleko, izinto eziphilayo zaqhubeka zivelisa ezinye ngokuya zintsonkotha. Noko ke, ngaxa lithile imazi yohlobo ngalunye kwafuneka ivelise iiseli ezifana twatse nezenkunzi ukuze zikwazi ukuvelisa inzala. Ukuze inzala ibe nenani leechromosomes elifanelekileyo, kufuneka kwenzeke inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yimeiosis kwiiseli zemazi nezenkunzi, nkqubo leyo ebangela ukuba inkunzi nemazi zisale nesiqingatha seechromosomes. Oku kubangela ukuba inzala ingabi neechromosomes ezininzi ngokugqithiseleyo.

Kakade ke, oku bekuya kufuneka kwenzeke kuzo zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana. Ngoko kwenzeka njani ukuba “imazi yokuqala” yohlobo ngalunye ikwazi ukuvelisa inzala “nenkuzi yokuqala”? Kwenzeka njani ukuba nganye ibe nesiqingatha seechromosomes ukuze zikwazi ukuvelisa iinzala ephile kakuhle eneempawu zazo zombini? Yaye ukuba ezi nguqu zazisenzeka ngokuthe ngcembe, inkunzi nemazi zaziya kuphila ixesha elingakanani ngoxa zilinde ukuba ezi seli zibalulekileyo zikhule ngokupheleleyo?

Kwanakuhlobo olunye lwezilwanyana, imazi ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwinkunzi, yaye inzala ayinakuveliswa ngamabona-ndenzile. Oku akunakuba kwaqala kwenzeka kuhlobo oluthile lwezilwanyana kwaza kwalandela nakwezinye. Ngaba imfundiso yendaleko inako ukucacisa le nkqubo intsonkothe ngolu hlobo? Inokwenzeka njani into yokuba inkqubo entsonkothe ngolu hlobo izivelele? Izinto eziphilayo zinikela ubungqina bokuba zacetywa ngobulumko—yaye oko kubonisa ukuba zenziwa nguMyili okrelekrele.

Abaphengululi abaninzi bayavumelana noku. Ngokomzekelo, uWilliam A. Dembski oyingcali yezibalo wabhala wathi “ukwenziwa ngobulumko kwendalo esingqongileyo . . . kunokunxulunyaniswa nomntu okrelekrele kuphela.” Ethetha ngobu bungqina, uMichael Behe osisazi ngeemolekyuli uthi: “AmaKatolika azinikeleyo asenokukholelwa kwingcamango kaDarwin. Noko ke, inzululwazi ngamachiza yenza kube nzima gqitha ukuba izazinzulu ezisebenzisa ingqiqo zikholelwe kwingcamango yakhe.”

Ingxelo Eguquguqukayo Yefosili

Into yesithathu edida izazinzulu ezithile yingxelo yefosili. Ukuba izinto zazivelela ngokuhamba kwexesha, sinokulindela ukuba kubekho ukunxibelelana phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo. Noko ke, kwiifosili zamandulo eziye zembiwa ukususela ngexesha likaDarwin abukho ubungqina boko. Akukho nenye into ebonisa ukunxibelelana phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo!

Ngenxa yoko, izazinzulu ezithile zithi buncinane gqitha yaye buyaguquguquka ubungqina bokuba izinto zazivelela. Kwincwadi yakhe ethi Darwin’s Enigma, usomajukujuku uLuther D. Sutherland wathi: “Ubungqina benzululwazi bubonisa ukuba kwasekuqaleni, zonke izinto eziphilayo ezazikho eMhlabeni, ukususela kwizidalwa ezineseli enye ukuya kutsho emntwini, zaziphelele yaye zisebenza ngokugqibeleleyo. Ngoko ngenxa yesi sibakala, kunokuthiwa ngaphambi kokuba ubomi buqalise eMhlabeni, kwakukho umntu othile okrelekrele.”

Kwelinye icala, ingxelo yefosili ingqinelana ngokusondeleyo nendlela iBhayibhile ebuchaza ngayo ubukho bezinto eziphilayo kwiGenesis. Isazi ngemichiza nokuyilwa kwezinto esafumana isidanga esiphezulu kwiOregon State University uDonald E. Chittick sithi: “Xa sihlolisisa ingxelo yefosili sinokufikelela kwisigqibo sokuba izilwanyana zazizala ngokohlobo lwazo njengoko isitsho ingxelo yeGenesis. Azizange zitshintshe ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ubungqina obukhoyo namhlanje, obabukho nangomhla kaDarwin, buyavumelana nengxelo yeGenesis ethi izinto zadalwa. Izilwanyana nezityalo ziqhubeka zivelisa ngokohlobo lwazo. Eneneni, umahluko phakathi kwepaleontology (ingxelo yefosili) nengcamango kaDarwin mkhulu gqitha kangangokuba ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba abukho ubungqina bokunxibelelana kwezinto eziphilayo.”

Ubungqina Obungenakuphikwa

Le yimibuzo nje embalwa kwemininzi esadida abo bangafuni kubamkela ubungqina bobukho boMdali. Ezinye izazinzulu ziyaqonda ukuba ukukhanyela ubukho bukaThixo, kusekelwe kwintelekelelo kungekhona kubungqina obunezibakala.

Ngoko, emva kokuchitha ubomi bakhe bonke esenza uphando lwenzululwazi, uAllan Sandage osisazi ngeenkwenkwezi wathi: “Yinzululwazi eyabangela ndifikelele kwisigqibo sokuba inzululwazi ayinako ukuphendula imibuzo ephathelele ukuntsonkotha kwendalo. Loo mibuzo inokuphendulwa kuphela ngumntu onamandla angaphaya kwawemvelo.”

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 14]

Imibuzo Edida Izazinzulu

◼ Kutheni zilungelelene kangaka iintlobo ezine zamandla emvelo, nto leyo eyenza kubekho indalo nezinto eziphilayo?

◼ Kunokucaciswa njani ukuntsonkotha kwezinto eziphilayo?

◼ Kutheni iguquguquka ngolu hlobo ingxelo yefosili yaye buphi ubungqina bokunxibelelana kwezinto eziphilayo?

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 16]

Ngaba Zazivelela?

Kutshanje, emva kokuba iphephancwadi iNational Geographic lishicilele umfanekiso obangel’ umdla obonisa uthando phakathi komama nosana lwakhe, omnye umfundi walibhalela waza wathi: “Umfanekiso kamama nosana lwakhe ongaphandle mhle ngeyona ndlela. Iyamangalisa into yokuba kubekho abantu abathi ukukhula kolu sana luthandekayo, obelukade luliqanda elilingana nentloko kanotaka kwiinyanga nje ezisithoba ezidluleyo kwenzeka ngamabona-ndenzile.”

Abaninzi bayavumelana nalo mbhali. UGqr. Gerald Schroeder, umbhali owayesakuba ngunjingalwazi wenuclear physics uthelekisa ukuzivelela kwendalo nezinto eziphilayo nokuphumelela kumdlalo wokungcakaza izihlandlo ezithathu zilandelelana, uthi: “Ngaphambi kokuba uye kuthabatha ibhaso lakho lesithathu, ungasiwa entolongweni ubaleka ngenxa yokutshintsha iziphumo ngobuqhetseba. Amathuba okuba uphumelele izihlandlo ezithathu zilandelelana, okanye kathathu ebomini mancinane kakhulu kangangokuba kukudlala ngexesha ukucinga ukuba oko kunokwenzeka.”

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 15]

Ukuba bekungekho lungelelwano kwiintlobo ezine zamandla, bekungayi kubakho nto iphilayo

I-“weak nuclear force” yenza ilanga likhanyise

Umxhuzulane wenza ukuba izinto zikwazi ukuhlala emhlabeni

I-“strong nuclear force” yenza ukuba ii-athom zidibane

I-“electromagnetism” yenza ukuba kubaneke

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 15]

Iseli entsonkothileyo ene-DNA kunye nabantu bebenokubakho njani ngamabona-ndenzile?

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 16]

Ingxelo yefosili ayikhange ikwazi ukubonisa ukuba ubomi bazivelela