Isizathu Sokunqongophala Kweentlanzi Elwandle — IWatchtower LAYBRARI EKWI-INTANETHI

Isizathu Sokunqongophala Kweentlanzi Elwandle

UGEORGE oneminyaka engama-65 ubudala, ongumlobi kunxweme olukumntla-mpuma weNgilani uthi: “Kweminye iminyaka sibambisa intaphane yeentlanzi ukanti kweminye sibambisa ezimbalwa. Iintlobo ezininzi zentlanzi—isalmon, iwhitefish, icod, nelobster—zinqongophele.”

AsingoGeorge kuphela okhathazekileyo ngale ngxaki; ehlabathini lonke abalobi bakhalazela into efanayo. UAgustín wasePeru, ngumphathi wenqanawa yokuloba eziitoni ezingama-350 ubukhulu. Uthi: “Isardine yaqala ukunqongophala kwiminyaka eli-12 edluleyo. Apha ePeru sasifudula sibambisa intaphane yeentlanzi unyaka wonke, kodwa ngoku kuqengqeleka iinyanga singafumani zintlanzi. Sasidla ngokubambisa iintlanzi kumgama weekhilomitha ezingama-25 ukusuka elunxwemeni, kodwa ngoku, ukuze sibambise iintlanzi kufuneka sihambe umgama weekhilomitha ezingama-300.”

UAntonio, ohlala eGalicia, eSpeyin, uthi: “Ndineminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 ndiloba iintlanzi. Ndiye ndaphawula ukuba iintlanzi ziyaphela ngokuthe ngcembe elwandle. Siloba kakhulu, kangangokuba iintlanzi azifumani nethuba lokwanda.”

Nangona umonakalo wokulotywa kweentlanzi kakhulu ungenakuphawuleka, ufana nqwa nalowo wokugawulwa kwamahlathi ngokugqithiseleyo. Isilumkiso esisandul’ ukukhutshwa yiUnited Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, ngokuphathelele ukulotywa kweentlanzi ngokugqithiseleyo, sathi: “Kangangendlela embi ngayo le meko, ehlabathini lonke imimandla ekulotywa kuyo eneentlanzi ezinqongopheleyo ingama-75 ekhulwini.”

Malunga nomntu omnye kwabahlanu, ufumana iprotini kwintlanzi. Ngoko ke, sisengozini yokuphulukana nokunye kokona kutya kubalulekileyo. Asizizo zonke iilwandle ezineentlanzi ezininzi. Eneneni, kwiilwandle ezininzi sele zimbalwa kakhulu izinto eziphilayo. Imimandla ekufumaneka iintlanzi kuyo yileyo ikufuphi nonxweme naleyo inezondlo eziphuma kumazantsi olwandle. Ezi zondlo zifunxwa ziiphytoplankton, ezisesona sondlo seentlanzi. Abalobi bazitshabalalisa njani iindawo zokuloba, abaxhomekeke kwakuzo ukuze baphile? Impendulo sinokuyifumana xa sihlola oko kwenzeka komnye ummandla ekulotywa kuwo.

Ukuqalisa Komonakalo KwiGrand Banks

Abalobi baqala ukugxalathelana kwiGrand Banks, ummandla ongakunxweme lwaseKhanada olungekho nzulu, emva kokuba lo mmandla ufunyenwe ngumhloli wamazwe ongumTaliyane, uJohn Cabota owayesuka eNgilani waza wawela iAtlantiki. Oku kwenzeka kwiminyaka nje emihlanu emva kokhenketho lukaChristopher Columbus lowe-1492. Kungekudala emva koko, amakhulukhulu abalobi enjenjeya ukuya eAtlantiki eye kuloba kwiGrand Banks. Abemi baseYurophu babengazange bakha balubona ulwandle oluneecod ezingako.

Icod yayixabiseke oku kwegolide. Yayithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuba inesihlunu esimhlophe esingenamanqatha yaye ehlabathini lonke isathandwa nanamhla oku. Icod yaseAtlantiki iziikhilogram ezisisi-1,4 ukusa kwezisi-9 ubunzima, kodwa ezakwiGrand Banks zazilingana nomntu. Kwiinkulungwane kamva, abalobi babambisa iintlanzi ezingakumbi emva kokuba befunde ukusebenzisa iminatha erhuqwa ngeenqanawa zokuloba neentambo ezinde ezinamawakawaka amagwegwe.

Imiphumo Yokushishina Ngokuloba

Ngenkulungwane ye-19, abanye babemi baseYurophu baqalisa ukukhathazeka ngenxa yokuncipha kweentlanzi, ingakumbi iherring. Noko ke, kwi-International Fisheries Exhibition eyayiqhutyelwa eLondon ngowe-1883, uNjingalwazi uThomas Huxley, owayengumongameli weBritish Royal Society, wathi: “Kangangendlela ezininzi ngayo iintlanzi apha, akubonakali nokuba siyaloba . . . ngoko ndikholelwa ukuba kule mimandla inecod . . . mhlawumbi nakuyo yonke imimandla ekulotywa kuyo, sokuze ziphele iintlanzi.”

Bambalwa abantu abakuthandabuzayo oko kwakuthethwa ngulo kaHuxley kwanasemva kokuba abalobi beqalise ukusebenzisa iinqanawa zokuloba ezihamba ngomphunga, kwiGrand Banks. Icod yayifunwa kakhulu, ingakumbi emva kowe-1925, xa uClarence Birdseye waseMassachusetts, eUnited States enze indlela ekhawulezayo yokukhenkcisa iintlanzi. Abalobi babambisa intaphane yeentlanzi besebenzisa iinqanawa ezihamba ngedizili. Kodwa kwakuseza kwenzeka umonakalo ongakumbi.

Ngowe-1951, kwafika inqanawa engaqhelekanga eyayivela eBritani ize kuloba kwiGrand Banks. Yayiziimitha ezingama-85 ubude yaye ubunzima bayo babungama-2 600 eetoni. Lowo yayingumnatha orhuqwa ngenqanawa wokuqala ngqa ehlabathini wokukhenkcisa iintlanzi. Apha ngasemva yayinoomatshini bokurhuqa umnatha omkhulu, ize ngaphantsi ibe nabanye oomatshini bokukhupha amathambo entlanzi nabokukhenkcisa. Kwakuqengqeleka iiveki, le ngadla-ngadla yenqanawa ibambisa intaphane yeentlanzi ngezixhobo zayo ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuloba imini nobusuku.

Nabalobi abavela kwamanye amazwe baphawula ukuba oku kunokungenisa imali eninzi, yaye nabo baqalisa ukuloba ngeenqanawa ezirhuqa iminatha emikhulu, bebambisa iitoni ezingama-200 zeentlanzi ngeyure. Ezinye zezi nqanawa zazinobunzima obuziitoni ezingama-8 000, zirhuqa iminatha emikhulu eyayinokugquma eyona nqwelo-moya inkulu.

Isithonga Sokugqibela

Incwadi ethi Ocean’s End, ithi: “Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1970, abantu abaninzi babesakholelwa ukuba iintlanzi azisokuze ziphele elwandle.” Ngeminyaka yee-1980, zaya zisanda iinqanawa ezinkulu zokuloba ezazirhuqa iminatha emikhulu kwiGrand Banks. Izazinzulu zakhupha isilumkiso sokuba iicod ziyancipha elwandle. Kodwa ke amawakawaka abantu ayephila ngeshishini lokuloba yaye iinkokeli zezopolitiko zazingafuni ukumisa umthetho owawungazukuthandwa ngabantu abaninzi. Yaye ngowe-1992, izazinzulu zabonisa ukuba kwisithuba seminyaka engama-30, inani leecod lalihle ngama-98,9 ekhulwini. Ukuloba icod kwiGrand Banks kwavalwa ngokusemthethweni. Kodwa umonakalo wawusele umkhulu kakhulu. Owona mmandla uneentlanzi ezininzi ehlabathini lonke owafunyanwa kwiminyaka engama-500 eyadlulayo, wawusele uneentlanzi ezimbalwa gqitha.

Abalobi babenethemba lokuba iicod ziza kuphinda zande kolu lwandle. Kodwa ke icod iphila iminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 yaye ayikhawulezi ukukhula. Ithemba ababenalo abalobi ukususela ngowe-1992, lokuba iintlanzi ziza kuphinda zande kolu lwandle lisemfiliba nangoku.

Ukuloba Kuyingxaki Ehlabathini Lonke

Ingxaki ekwiGrand Banks yokulotywa kweentlanzi kakhulu, ikho ehlabathini lonke. Ngowama-2002, umphathiswa waseBritani, ojongene nezinto eziphilayo wathi, “ummandla oneentlanzi ongama-60 ekhulwini, kulotywa kuwo ngokugqithiseleyo.” Iintlobo zeentlanzi ezisecicini lokuphela, yituna, iswordfish, ishark nerockfish.

Abalobi abavela kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho bazigqibile iintlanzi kumazwe abo, ngoku bafuna ukudlulela nakwamanye amazwe. Ngokomzekelo, kwiilwandle zaseAfrika kukho eyona mimandla yokuloba ichumileyo. Abalawuli abaninzi baseAfrika baziva benyanzelekile ukuba babanike imvume yokuloba abantu abavela kumazwe angaphandle kuba kaloku ngala mazwe anyusa ingxowa-mali karhulumente. Yiloo nto ebangela ukuba abantu basekuhlaleni bacaphuke xa inani leentlanzi lisihla.

Yintoni Ebangela Ukuloba Ngokugqithiseleyo?

Omnye umntu usenokucinga ukuba le ngxaki inokusombululeka nje ngokulula xa abantu benokuyeka ukuloba kakhulu. Kodwa oku akukho lula ngolo hlobo. Ishishini lokuloba lifuna intywenka yemali. Ngenxa yoko, ngamnye kubalobi unethemba lokuba abanye baza kuyeka, ukuze yena akwazi ukuqhubeka. Kodwa akubi njalo. Ngaphezulu, oorhulumente ngabona baphambili ekwenzeni utyalo-mali kwishishini lokuloba, nto leyo ibenza nabo bangabikho msulwa. Iphephancwadi elithi, Issues in Science and Technology lithi: “Lizwe ngalinye licinga ukuba umthetho wokulondolozwa kwemimandla yokuloba omiselwa [ziZizwe Ezimanyeneyo] umele uthotyelwe ngamanye amazwe.”

Abanye abantu abanegalelo kule ngxaki, ngabo baloba ngenjongo yokuzonwabisa. Xa lalichaza ngohlolisiso olwenziwe eUnited States, iphephancwadi iNew Scientist lathi: “KwiGulf of Mexico, iintlanzi ezibanjiswa ngabo baloba ngenjongo yokuzonwabisa, kwimimandla ekulotywa ngokugqithiseleyo kuyo, zingama-64 ekhulwini.” Ekubeni abo baloba ngenjongo yokuzonwabisa nabashishina ngokuloba benempembelelo enamandla, iinkokeli zezopolitiko zenza izigqibo eziza kuzenza zithandwe kunokuba zikhusele iintlanzi.

Ngaba imimandla ekulotywa kuyo ehlabathini inokukhuseleka? Kwincwadi yakhe ethi, The Living Ocean, uBoyce Thorne-Miller uthi: “Akukho nto inokwenziwa ukuze kukhuselwe izidalwa eziselwandle de abantu batshintshe indlela abacinga ngayo.” Okuvuyisayo kukuba, uMdali, uYehova uThixo, umisele uBukumkani obuya kuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba wonke ukhuselekile.—Daniyeli 2:44; Mateyu 6:10.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

a UJohn Cabot wazalelwa eItali yaye apho wayebizwa ngokuba nguGiovanni Caboto. Wafudukela eBristol, eNgilani, ngeminyaka yee-1480 yaye kulapho wayesuka khona ke ekuqaliseni kwakhe ukhenketho lowe-1497.

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Umonakalo wokulotywa kweentlanzi kakhulu, ufana nqwa nalowo wokugawulwa kwamahlathi ngokugqithiseleyo

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“Ehlabathini lonke imimandla ekulotywa kuyo eneentlanzi ezinqongopheleyo ingama-75 ekhulwini.”—IUnited Nations Food and Agriculture Organization

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Malunga nomntu omnye kwabahlanu, ufumana iprotini kwintlanzi

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EKhambodiya

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Ishishini lokuloba, eAlaska

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EDemocratic Republic of Congo

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