Amagumbi Angaphantsi Komhlaba EOdessa—Ayadida
KUTHI gqi intw’ ende yothanda xa kanye kugqitywa kutyatyekwa udonga lwendlu elungiswayo. “La magumbi angaphantsi komhlaba awisa indlu yethu,” wakhala ngelitshoyo umninimzi.
Enoba iyintoni ingxaki—kungenzeka ngumbhobho ogqabhukileyo okanye kukuqhekeka kwendlela—kusoloko kutyholwa la matonela ahamba ngaphantsi kwisixeko esihle saseUkraine, iOdessa esikuLwandle Olumnyama. Kucingelwa ukuba la matonela aneepaseji ezimalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-2 500, ngawona makhulu ehlabathini lonke.
‘Avela njani la matonela?’ ‘Abachaphazela njani abantu abahlala phezu kwawo?’ Ukutyelela kuwo kwayiphendula le mibuzo.
Ukutyelela Ngaphantsi Komhlaba
Sasuka kwisikhululo sikaloliwe eOdessa sikhwele ebhasini neqela labakhenkethi nabafundi. Njengoko sasisiya kula magumbi, lowo wayesikhenkethisa wasichazela ngemvelaphi yawo.
Safumanisa ukuba ukwembiwa kwala magumbi kumele ukuba kwaqala ngeminyaka yee-1830 xa abantu besi sixeko babefuna izinto zokwakha ezingabizi mali ingako nezifumaneka lula. Kwakusele kukho ilitye lekalika elomeleleyo nangona lalingenzima kangako. Ngoko ke ukusikwa kwamatye kwakusele kuyeyona ndlela yokuziphilisa. Njengoko abasebenzi basemgodini babesemba amatye, kwakhiwa la magumbi.
Akhawuleza aba maninzi la matonela aphitheneyo aphantsi komhlaba. Kwakhiwa amatonela anzulu kangangeemitha ezingama-35 ngaphantsi komgangatho womhlaba. Ngamanye amaxesha ayenqamlezana kwimigangatho eyahlukahlukeneyo. Kwakuye kushiywe imigodi embiweyo xa ilitye lekalika liphelile kuze kuqalwe ukwembiwa kwezinye iindawo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, amatonela aphitheneyo anwenwela nakwiindawo ezisemaphandleni.
Kungekudala, ibhasi esasiyikhwele yafika eNerubaiske, kwilali encinane ekumntla weOdessa. Ngokukhawuleza emva koko sazibona sime ecaleni kwelitye lekalika elinesango lentsimbi elivala itonela elineepaseji. Umkhenkethisi wethu wathi: “Ngoku singena kwindawo eyayihlala abantu baseSoviet ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Niza kubona indlela ababephila ngayo kule ndawo ngelo xesha.” UAndriy Krasnozhon ongomnye wabantu abazazi kakuhle ezi paseji uthi elinye iqela lahlala kule ndawo ingaphantsi komhlaba kangangeenyanga ezili-13.
Umkhenkethisi wethu wongezelela wathi: “Nize nikhumbule ukuba bakho nabanye abantu ababekhe bahlala kula magumbi ahlukahlukeneyo ngezihlandlo ezingafaniyo. Aba babequka izikrelemnqa, amasela eenqanawa neembacu zezopolitiko. Bonke babephila ubomi obufanayo.”
Sangena kwenye ipaseji eluzizi eyaya isiba mnyama. Umkhenkethisi wethu wathi: “Amatonela ababehlala kuwo amatsha-ntliziyo ayengezondawo zokuzimela nje kuphela kodwa ayetofotofo ngokwenene. Kumagumbi okuzihlaziya amadoda ayedlala iindolotyi, i-chess okanye i-dominoes ngoxa ekhanyise ngekhandlela. Kwilitye lelona tonela likhulu kwakwenziwe amagumbi ahlala amadoda kanti amanye ehlala amabhinqa. Kwigumbi ngalinye kwakusakhiwa ungqameko olufulelweyo. Le ke yayisiba yindawo yokulala. Isibhedlele sasineebhedi kwakunye negumbi lokutyandela. Amabhinqa ayepheka kwisitovu seenkuni esenziwe ngelitye lekalika elimthubi yaye umsi sasiwukhuphela kwitonela elingaphezulu.”
Uphahla lwetonela lwalufana nesiponji esikhulu kodwa siqinile xa ulubamba. Kwakukho imikrwelo yesarha eludongeni apho ayesikwe khona amatye. Ezi ndonga zazirhabaxa ngeyona ndlela. Umkhenkethisi wethu wathi: “Ayesithi la matsha-ntliziyo emfazwe akuphuma kula magumbi atshintshe iimpahla zawo ukuze amaJamani angaweva ngevumba. Ukufuma kwala magumbi kwakusenza iimpahla zibe nevumba elikhethekileyo.”
Wathi: “Kwakukho izinto ezingaqhelekanga ngokuphila phantsi komhlaba, ezifana nokuhlala kwindawo emnyama thsu.” Wacima isibane kwatsho kwamnyama, esithi: “Babengasoloko bekwazi ukukhanyisa ngezibane zeparafini.” Njengoko sasiphuthaphutha iindonga, waleka ngelithi: “La matye ayasitsala isandi, ngoko ke ukuba ungalahleka enoba ungakhala akunakuviwa mntu.” Esisizela, lo mkhenkethisi waphinda wazikhanyisa izibane!
Waqhubeka esithi: “Oonogada babesebenza iiyure ezimbini kuphela. Emva kwethuba elide ukwindawo emnyama nengenangxolo, umntu unokuqalisa ukuva izandi.” Umngxuma oseluphahleni wasenza sabona itonela elinqumla entla kweli sasikulo. Ndazibuza: ‘Livela phi ke eli? Phofu lisiya phi?’ Kwakubangel’ umdla kakhulu ukulibona. Umkhenkethisi wethu wachaza wathi: “Useziikhilomitha ezili-1 700 kuphela umgama owaziwayo kula matonela, loo nto ithetha ukuba akukenziwa nto kuseza kusetyenzwa.”
Abaphengululi bakutshanje baye bafumanisa ukuba kukho amanye amatonela. Ngaphakathi kuwo kuye kwafunyanwa amaphephandaba asele enekhulu leminyaka ubudala, izibane zeparafini zamandulo kunye nemali eyayisetyenziswa ngexesha labalawuli baseRashiya. Ezo zinto—zazihleli kangangamashumi eminyaka zingachukunyiswa—zezabantu abahlala kula matonela amnyama thsu namade aseOdessa.—Kunikelwe ngalo eli nqaku.
[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 25]
IZAKHIWO EZIXABISEKILEYO
Izakhiwo ezihle ezakhiwa ngelitye elimthubi lekalika zisemile kumbindi weOdessa. Iingcango ezikwamanye amagumbi azo angaphantsi zivulekela ngqo kula matonela. Kusakhiwa ezinye izakhiwo ngeli litye lekalika.
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 24, 25]
Iibhedi zasesibhedlele ezazisetyenziswa ngabantu baseSoviet ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 24, 25]
Kucingelwa ukuba amagumbi angaphantsi komhlaba aseOdessa akwiipaseji eziziikhilomitha ezingama-2 500