Isahluko 6
Imimangaliso—Ngaba Yenzeka Ngokwenene?
Ngaminazana ithile ngowama-31 C.E., uYesu nabafundi bakhe babekuhambo olusinge eNayin, esisixeko esikumntla welasePalestina. Ekusondeleni kwabo kwisango lesixeko, badibana nongcelele lwabantu bomgcwabo. Umfi weyeligatyana lomfana. Unina wayengumhlolokazi, yaye lo mfana wayeku-phela konyana wakhe, ngoko wayesele yedwa jwi. Ngokutsho kwengxelo, uYesu ‘wasikwa yimfesane ngenxa yakhe, wathi kuye, Musa ukulila. Wafika ke walichukumisa ithala, bema ke ababethwele. Wathi, Ndodana, ndithi kuwe, Vuka. Wavuka wahlala umfi lowo, waza ke wathetha.’—Luka 7:11-15.
1. (Quka intshayelelo.) (a) Nguwuphi ummangaliso uYesu awawenza kufutshane nesixeko saseNayin? (b) Ibaluleke kangakanani imimangaliso eBhayibhileni, kanti ngaba bonke abantu bayakholelwa ukuba yenzeka ngokwenene?
ELI libali elichukumis’ intliziyo, kodwa ngaba liyinyaniso? Abaninzi bakufumanisa kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba izinto ezinjalo zakha zenzeka ngokwenene. Sekunjalo, imimangaliso yinxalenye engenakwahlulwa yengxelo yeBhayibhile. Ukukholelwa eBhayibhileni kuthetha ukukholelwa ukuba imimangaliso yenzeka. Eneneni, iyonke inyaniso yeBhayibhile ixhomekeke kummangaliso omnye obalulekileyo: uvuko lukaYesu Kristu.
Isizathu Sokuba Abanye Bangakholelwa
2, 3. Yiyiphi enye indlela yokuqiqa eyasetyenziswa sisithandi sobulumko saseSkotlani uDavid Hume kumgudu wokungqina ukuba imimangaliso ayenzeki?
2 Ngaba uyakholelwa kwimimangaliso? Okanye ngaba unemvo yokuba kwesi sizukulwana senzululwazi, kuyinto engekho ngqiqweni ukukholelwa kwimimangaliso—oko kukuthi, kwiziganeko ezingaqhelekanga ezinikela ubungqina bokungenelela kwamandla angaphaya kwawomntu? Ukuba akukholelwa, akungowokuqala. Kwiinkulungwane ezimbini ezidluleyo, isithandi sobulumko saseSkotlani uDavid Hume sasinengxaki ekwanjalo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba izizathu onazo zokungakholwa ziyafana nezakhe.
3 Ukuyichasa kukaHume ingcamango yemimangaliso kwaquka iingongoma ezintathu ezibalaseleyo.1 Okokuqala, ubhala esithi: “Ummangaliso ukukwaphulwa kwemithetho yemveli.” Kwamhlamnene umntu uye wakholosa ngemithetho yemveli. Ebesazi ukuba into iya kuwa ukuba ithe yaphuncuka, ukuba ilanga liya kuphuma ntsasa nganye lize litshone busuku ngabunye, njalo njalo. Ngokuzenzekelayo, uyazi ukuba iziganeko ziya kusoloko zilandela loo ndlela yesiqhelo. Akusayi kuze kwenzeke nantoni na engavisisaniyo nemithetho yemveli. OkaHume wavakalelwa kukuba obu ‘bungqina’ “buphelele njengayo nayiphi na ingxoxo engumphumo wamava” yaye buchasene nelokuba imimangaliso inokwenzeka.
4, 5. Ziziphi ezinye izizathu ezibini ezaveliswa nguDavid Hume ukuze ayichithe into yokuba imimangaliso inokwenzeka?
4 Ingongoma yesibini awayivelisayo yaba yeyokuba abantu bakhohliseka lula. Bambi bafuna ukukholelwa kwizihlo ezikhwankqisayo nakwimimangaliso, ingakumbi xa oku kunokuthanani nonqulo, yaye okuninzi koko kufane kubizwe ngokuba yimimangaliso kuye kwabhenceka kuyinkohliso. Ingongoma yesithathu yaba kukuba ngokuqhelekileyo imimangaliso kunikelwa ingxelo yayo ngamaxesha entswela-lwazi. Okukhona abantu besiba ngabafundileyo, kokukhona iya isiba mbalwa ngakumbi imimangaliso ekunikelwa ingxelo yayo. Kunjengokuba okaHume wavakalisayo esithi, “Iziganeko ezimangalisa ngolo hlobo azize zenzeke kwimihla yethu.” Ngaloo ndlela, wavakalelwa kukuba oko kwakungqinela ukuba azizange zenzeke.
5 Ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla, iingxoxo ezininzi ezichasene nemimangaliso zilandela le migaqo iqhelekileyo, ngoko makhe siqwalasele izibakala zokuchasa kukaHume, sithabathe isibakala esinye ngexesha.
Ngaba Ichasene Nemithetho Yemveli?
6. Kutheni le nto kungekho ngqiqweni ukuyichasa ingcamango yemimangaliso ngenxa nje yokuba kusithiwa ‘ikukwaphulwa kwemithetho yemveli’?
6 Kuthekani ngokuchaswa kwemimangaliso kuba kusithiwa ‘ikukwaphulwa kwemithetho yemveli’ yaye ngenxa yoko ayinakuba iyinyaniso? Xa kukhiwa nje phezulu, oku kusenokubonakala kunentsingiselo; kodwa khawukuhlahlele oko kuthethwa kona ngokwenene. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ummangaliso unokuchazwa njengento eyenzeka ngaphandle kwemithetho eqhelekileyo yemveli.a Usisihlo esingalindelekanga kangangokuba ababukeli bayeyiseka lelokuba baye babonela ukungenelela kwamandla angaphaya kwawomntu. Ngenxa yoko, oko ngokwenene kuthethwa yile nkcaso koku: ‘Imimangaliso ayinakuze yenzeke kuba iyamangalisa!’ Kutheni ungakhe uqwalasele ubungqina obukhoyo ngaphambi kokuba ufikelele kweso sigqibo?
7, 8. (a) Ngokubhekisele kwimithetho yemveli njengokuba siyazi, kungaziphi iindlela eziye izazinzulu zaba nengqondo ephangaleleyo kwimbono yazo yoko kunokwenzeka noko kungenakwenzeka? (b) Ukuba siyakholelwa kuThixo, yintoni esikwamele siyikholelwe mayela namandla akhe okwenza izinto ezingaqhelekanga?
7 Inyaniso ikukuba, abantu abafundileyo namhlanje abazimisele kangako ekugxininiseni njengokuba wayesenza uDavid Hume kwelokuba imithetho eqhelekileyo yemveli isoloko ichanile ezindaweni zonke maxa onke. Izazinzulu zikulungele ukuthelekelela ukuba kusenokubakho amacala amaninzi awongezelelekileyo kwindalo iphela, kunokuba kubekho amacala amath athu aqhelekileyo obude, ububanzi nokuphakama.2 Zivelisa ingcamango yokuba kukho imingxuma emikhulu engabonakaliyo kwimimandla yasemajukujukwini ekucingelwa ukuba ibangelwa kukuwelana kweenkwenkwezi ezinkulu kakhulu de amandla azo omxhuzulane abe makhulu ngokungenakulinganiswa nanto. Kummandla wazo kuthiwa umgama phakathi kwenye nenye ujijeke kangangokuba ixesha lime ngxi.3 Izazinzulu zikhe zada zanengxoxo eshushu zizibuza enoba, phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ixesha alinakuze libuyele emva kusini na kunokuba lisinge phambili!4
8 UStephen W. Hawking, uNjingalwazi weMathematika kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge othwesw’ isidanga sembeko seLucasian, xa wayexubusha ngendlela eyaqalisa ngayo indalo iphela, wathi: “Kwingcamango ekudidi oluphezulu engenkqubo yokusebenza kwesantya nomxhuzulane kummandla wasemajukujukwini . . . ukuqala kwendalo iphela kumele ukuba kulinqanaba apho ummandla wasemajukujukwini nexesha lawo zijijwa ngonaphakade ngamandla omxhuzulane weenkwenkwezi ezithile ezinkulu nakukupetyekela kwazo kude kwisazulu sezo nkwenkwezi zinkulu. Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, yonke imithetho eyaziwayo yenzululwazi yezinto ezingaphiliyo ibiya kubhanga.”5 Ngoko, izazinzulu zale mihla azivumelani nelokuba kuba into ethile ichasene nemithetho eqhelekileyo yemveli ayinakuze yenzeke. Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, zisenokwenzeka izinto ezingaqhelekanga. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuba siyakholelwa kuThixo ongusomandla, simele sikuvume ukuba unawo amandla okubangela iziganeko ezingaqhelekanga—eziyimimangaliso—ukuba zenzeke xa oko kuvisisana nenjongo yakhe.—Eksodus 15:6-10; Isaya 40:13, 15.
Kuthekani Ngaleyo Yenkohliso?
9. Ngaba kuyinyaniso ukuba imimangaliso ethile yeyenkohliso? Cacisa impendulo yakho.
9 Akukho mntu unengqiqo esebenza kakuhle unokukukhanyela ukuba ikho imimangaliso yenkohliso. Ngokomzekelo, bambi bathi banamandla okuphilisa abagulayo ngokubaphilisa ngokumangalisayo ngokubathandazela. Ugqirha William A. Nolan, wazenzela iphulo lakhe elikhethekileyo lokuphanda ngokuphilisa okunjalo. Waphandisisa ngeziganeko eziliqela ekwakusithiwa kuzo abantu baphilisiwe ngabathandazeli beecawa zomoya kwelaseUnited States nangabafane babizwe ngokuba ngoogqirha bemilingo baseAsiya. Waba yintoni umphumo? Ekuphela kwawakufumanayo ngabantu ababedanile nababekhohlisiwe.6
10. Ngaba uvakalelwa kukuba isibakala sokuba imimangaliso ethile iye yabonakala iyeyenkohliso singqina ukuba yonke imimangaliso yeyobuqhetseba?
10 Ngaba iinkohliso ezinjalo zithetha ukuba ayizange yenzeke imimangaliso yokwenene? Akusoloko kunjalo ngalo lonke ixesha. Maxa wambi sikhe sive ngemali engamaphepha yomgunyathi kuthengwa ngayo, kodwa oko akuthethi kuthi yonke imali yenziwe ngobuqhetseba. Bambi abantu abagulayo baba nokholo olukhulu kubantu abathi banolwazi lokunyanga kodwa bengenalo, koogqirha abakhohlisayo, baze babanike imali eninzi. Kodwa oko akuthethi kuthi bonke oogqirha banobuqhetseba. Zimbi iingcali zokuzoba ziye zaziingcaphephe ezinkulu ekuzobeni ngobuqhinga imizobo “emidala eyayenziwe ngumniniyo wantlandlolo.” Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba yonke imizobo yenziwe ngobuqhinga. Yaye isibakala sokuba okufane kuthiwe yimimangaliso kuyinkohliso ecacileyo akuthethi kuthi imimangaliso yokwenene ayinakuze yenzeke.
‘Imimangaliso Ayenzeki Ngoku’
11. Yiyiphi ingongoma yesithathu eyaveliswa nguDavid Hume yokuchasa ingcamango yemimangaliso?
11 Ingongoma yesithathu yenkcaso yashwankathelwa kwibinzana elithi: “Iziganeko ezimangalisa ngolo hlobo azize zenzeke kwimihla yethu.” OkaHume wayengazange awubone ummangaliso, ngoko wala ukukholelwa ukuba imimangaliso inokwenzeka. Phofu ke, olu hlobo lokuqiqa alulungelelananga. Nawuphi na umntu ongqondo isebenza kakuhle umele avume ukuba, ngaphambi kwemihla yesi sithandi sobulumko saseSkotlani, kwenzeka “iziganeko ezimangalisayo” ezingazange zibuye zenzeke kwithuba lokudla kwakhe ubomi. Ziziphi ezo ziganeko?
12. Ziziphi iziganeko ezimangalisayo ezenzeka kwixa elidluleyo ezingenakuze zichazwe yimithetho yemveli esebenzayo namhlanje?
12 Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ubomi baqala emhlabeni. Emva koko, iintlobo ezithile zezinto eziphilayo zajizekwa ngamandla okuqonda izinto. Ekugqibeleni, kwavela umntu, ejizekwe ngobulumko, amandla okuthelekelela izinto, amandla okuthanda nembilini yesazela. Akukho sazinzulu sinokuchaza ngokusekelwe kwimithetho yemveli esebenzayo namhlanje indlela ezenzeka ngayo izinto ezimangalisa ngolo hlobo. Kanti sinobungqina obuvakalayo bokuba zenzeka.
13, 14. Ziziphi izinto eziqhelekileyo namhlanje ezazisenokubonakala ziyimimangaliso kuDavid Hume?
13 Yaye kuthekani “ngeziganeko ezimangalisayo” eziye zenzeka ukususela kumhla kaDavid Hume? Masithi mhlawumbi besikwazi ukukhe silibuyisele emva ixesha size simbalisele ngehlabathi lanamhlanje. Khawuzithelekelele uzama ukumcacisela ukuba usomashishini waseHamburg unokuthetha nobani okude kangangamawakawaka eekhilomitha eTokyo engakhange akhwaze nokukhwaza; umxelela ukuba umdlalo webhola ekhatywayo odlalelwa kwelaseSpeyin unokubonwa kulo lonke ihlabathi kanye ngeli xesha udlalwa ngalo; umxelela ukuba iinqwelo zothutho ezinkulu ngakumbi kuneenqanawa zaselwandle zomhla kaHume zinokunyuka zisuka emhlabeni zize zithwale ama-500 abantu zibhabha emoyeni kangangamawakawaka eekhilomitha kwisithuba nje seeyure ezimbalwa. Ngaba unokuyithelekelela indlela abeya kusabela ngayo? ‘Unotshe! Iziganeko ezimangalisa ngolo hlobo azizange zenzeke kwimihla yethu!’
14 Kanti ‘imimangaliso’ enjalo iyenzeka kwimihla yethu. Ngoba? Kuba umntu, esebenzisa imigaqo yenzululwazi awayengayazi kwaukuyazi okaHume, uye wafunda ukwakha iimfonomfono, oomabonwakude neenqwelo-moya. Ngoko, ngaba kunzima kangako ukukholelwa ukuba ngasihlandlo sithile kwixa elidluleyo, uThixo wayenokuphumeza izinto eziyimimangaliso kuthi, ngeendlela esingekaziqondi nangoku?
Sinokwazi Njani?
15, 16. Ukuba ngokwenene imimangaliso yenzeka, yiyiphi ekuphela kwendlela yokwazi ngayo? Zekelisa impendulo yakho.
15 Kakade ke, ukuthi imimangaliso inokuba yenzeka akuthethi kuthi yenzeka. Sinokwazi njani, kule nkulungwane yama-20, enoba emva phayaa kumaxesha okubhalwa kweBhayibhile uThixo wenza imimangaliso yokwenene esebenzisa abakhonzi bakhe emhlabeni okanye akazange enjenjalo? Luhlobo luni lobungqina obunokululindela kwizinto ezinjalo? Khawuthelekelele umntu osesemva kakhulu ngempucuko oye wathatyathwa kwikhaya lakhe eliphaya ezilalini ukuba atyelele isixeko esikhulu. Xa ebuyela ekhaya, unokubachazela njani abantu bakowabo imimangaliso yempucuko? Akanakuyichaza indlela esebenza ngayo inqwelo mafutha okanye isizathu sokuba kuphuma umculo kunomathotholo ophathwayo. Akanakukwazi ukuyakha ikhompyuta ukungqina ukuba into enjalo ikho. Konke anokukwenza kukuxela nje oko akubonileyo.
16 Sikwakwimeko efana naleyo yamawabo aloo mntu. Ukuba ngokwenene uThixo uyenzile imimangaliso, ekuphela kwendlela esinokukuqonda ngayo oko kungokuphuma kumangqina okuzibonela. Amangqina okuzibonela akanakusichazela indlela eyenzeka ngayo imimangaliso, kanye njengokuba engenakuze akwazi ukuphinda ayenze. Ekuphela kwento anokusixelela yona yileyo ayibonayo. Ngelicacileyo, amangqina okuzibonela anokuqhathwa lula. Kwakhona asenokuyibaxa ngokulula imicimbi okanye anikele inkcazelo engachananga. Ngoko, ukuze sibukholelwe ubungqina bawo, kufuneka sazile ukuba la mangqina okuzibonela anyanisile, angabantu abanokuthenjwa, yaye aye azingqina eneentshukumisa ezilungileyo.
Owona Mmangaliso Ugqinelwe Kakuhle
17. (a) Nguwuphi owona mmangaliso ungqinelwe kakuhle eBhayibhileni? (b) Ziziphi iimeko ezakhokelela ekufeni kukaYesu?
17 Owona mmangaliso ungqinelwe kakuhle eBhayibhileni luvuko lukaYesu Kristu, ngoko, ngokungathi kunjalo, kutheni singasebenzisi lona njengomzekelo wokuhlola ubunyaniso bezibakala. Okokuqala, khawuqwalasele izibakala ekunikelwe ingxelo ngazo: UYesu wabanjwa ngorhatya lomhla kaNisan 14—okwenzeka ukuba lube ngokuhlwa kwangoLwesine ngokwendlela yethu yale mihla yokubala iveki.b Wavela phambi kweenkokeli zamaYuda ezamtyhola ngokunyelisa zaza zagqiba kwelokuba makafe. Iinkokeli zamaYuda zamrhola uYesu zamsa phambi kwerhuluneli engumRoma uPontiyo Pilato, owoyiswayo yingcinezelo yazo waza wamnikela ukuba axhonywe. Ngenjikalanga yangoLwesihlanu—isengumhla kaNisan 14 ngokwekhalenda yamaYuda—wabethelelwa emthini wentuthumbo yaye kwiiyure ezimbalwa wayeselefile.—Marko 14:43-65; 15:1-39.
18. Ngokutsho kweBhayibhile, ingxelo yokuvuswa kukaYesu yaqalisa njani ukusasazeka?
18 Emva kokuba ijoni elingumRoma limhlabe ephangweni uYesu ngomkhonto ukuqinisekisa ukuba wayefile ngokwenene, umzimba kaYesu wangcwatywa kwingcwaba elitsha. Umhla olandelayo, uNisan 15 (uLwesihlanu/uMgqibelo), wawuyisabatha. Kodwa ngentsasa kaNisan 16—intsasa yangeCawa—abafundi abathile baya engcwabeni baza balifumana lize. Ngokukhawuleza, kwaqalisa ukusasazeka kweendaba zokuba uYesu wayeboniwe ephilile. Intsabelo yokuqala kwezi ndaba yaba njengoko kanye bekuya kuba njalo namhla—ukungakholwa. Kwanabapostile abazange bakholelwe. Kodwa xa bona ngokwabo bambonayo uYesu ophilayo, babengenandlela mbini ngaphandle kokukwamkela ukuba ngokwenene wayevusiwe kwabafileyo.—Yohane 19:31–20:29; Luka 24:11.
Ingcwaba Elize
19-21. (a) Ngokutsho kukaJustin Martyr, amaYuda akuphikisa njani ukushumayela kwamaKristu ngovuko lukaYesu? (b) Yintoni esinokuqiniseka ngayo njengeyayiyinyaniso ngengcwaba likaYesu ngoNisan 16?
19 Ngaba uYesu wayevusiwe, okanye ngaba kukonke oku kububuqhinga nje obuyiliweyo? Kukho nto inye ekwakunokwenzeka ukuba babeyibuzile abantu emva apho eyile: Ngaba umzimba kaYesu usesengcwabeni? Abalandeli bakaYesu ngebabejamelene nentsumantsumane yengxaki ukuba abachasi babo babenokwalatha kwisidumbu sokoqobo esasikwindawo esasingcwatywe kuyo njengobungqina bokuba wayengavuswanga. Phofu ke, akukho ngxelo yokuba bakha bakwenza oku. Kunoko, ngokutsho kweBhayibhile, banika imali amajoni awayabelwe ukulinda ingcwaba baza bawaxelela oku: “Ze nithi, Abafundi bakhe beza ngobusuku, bamba silele.” (Mateyu 28:11-13) Sikwanobunye ubungqina obungaphandle kweBhayibhile bokuba iinkokeli zamaYuda zenza kanye oko.
20 Malunga nenkulungwane emva kokufa kukaYesu, uJustin Martyr wabhala incwadi eyayibizwa ngokuba yiDialogue With Trypho. Kule ncwadi, wathi: “Nina [maYuda] niye nathumela amadoda anyuliweyo namiselweyo kulo lonke ihlabathi ukuya kuvakalisa ukuba kuye kwavela uqhekeko oluchasene noThixo noluchasene nomthetho kuYesu othile, umkhohlisi waseGalili, esambethelelayo, kodwa abafundi bakhe bamba ngobusuku engcwabeni apho wayelaliswe khona.”7
21 Ngoku, uTrypho wayengumYuda, yaye incwadi ethi Dialogue With Trypho yabhalwa ukuze kukhuselwe ubuKristu nxamnye nobuYuda. Ngenxa yoko, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba uJustin Martyr akuthethe oko wakuthethayo—okukukuba amaYuda ayetyhole amaKristu ngokuba awuba umzimba kaYesu engcwabeni—ukuba amaYuda ayengasenzanga isityholo esinjalo. Kungenjalo, ngewayezichanabe kwisityholo esasinokungqinelwa ngokulula sokuba ulixoki. UJustin Martyr wayenokukutsho oku kuphela ukuba amaYuda ayebathumile ngokwenene abathunywa abanjalo. Yaye ayenokwenjenjalo kuphela ukuba ingcwaba lalize ngokwenene ngoNisan 16, 33 C.E. yaye ukuba ayengenakwalatha kumzimba kaYesu osengcwabeni njengobungqina bokuba wayengavuswanga. Ngoko ekubeni ingcwaba lalize, kwakwenzeke ntoni? Ngaba abafundi babewubile umzimba? Okanye ngaba washenxiswa ngokungummangaliso njengobungqina bokuba uYesu wayevusiwe ngokwenene?
Isigqibo SikaGqirha ULuka
22, 23. Yayingubani enye indoda efundileyo yenkulungwane yokuqala eyaphanda ngovuko lukaYesu, yaye yiyiphi imithombo yenkcazelo eyayifumanayo?
22 Enye indoda yenkulungwane yokuqala eyayiyifunde yada yayityekeza eyabuqwalasela ngenyameko ubungqina yayinguLuka, ugqirha. (Kolose 4:14, NW) ULuka wabhala iincwadi ezimbini ngoku eziyinxalenye yeBhayibhile: enye yayiyiVangeli, okanye imbali yobulungiseleli bukaYesu, yaye enye, ebizwa ngokuba ziZenzo Zabapostile, yayiyimbali yokusasazeka kobuKristu kwiminyaka yasemva kokufa kukaYesu.
23 Xa etshayelela iVangeli yakhe, uLuka ubhekisela kubungqina obuninzi obabufumaneka kuye kodwa obungasafumanekiyo kuthi. Uthetha ngeencwadi ezibhaliweyo ezingobomi bukaYesu awayezihlolisisile. Ukwaphawula ukuba wayethethe namangqina okuzibonela obomi bukaYesu, ukufa kwakhe, novuko lwakhe. Ngoko, uhlabela mgama esithi: “Ndizilandile nje ngokucokisekileyo zonke [ezo zinto], ndizekela kwasentloko.” (Luka 1:1-3) Ngelicacileyo, uphando lukaLuka lwalucokisekile. Ngaba wayengumbhali-mbali olungileyo?
24, 25. Abaninzi bazijonga njani iimfaneleko zikaLuka njengombhali-mbali?
24 Abaninzi baye bangqinela ukuba wayenguye. Emva phayaa ngowe-1913, uMhlekazi uWilliam Ramsay kwintetho yakhe wagqabaza ngokuchana kweencwadi zikaLuka ngokwembali. Wafikelela kwesiphi isigqibo? Kwesi: “ULuka ungumbhali-mbali wodidi lokuqala; asikuphela nje kokuba iinkcazelo zakhe ezingezibakala zinokuthenjwa; ukwanalaa mbilini yokuba ngumbhali-mbali wokwenyaniso.”8 Abaphandi abangakumbi bakutshanje baye bafikelela kwakweso sigqibo. IThe Living Word Commentary, xa itshayelela imiqulu yayo engoLuka, ithi: “ULuka wayengumbhali-mbali (ochane ncam) ekwangumfundisi wezakwalizwi.”
25 UGr. uDavid Gooding, owayesakuba ngunjingalwazi wesiGrike seTestamente Endala kumNtla Ireland, uvakalisa esithi uLuka “wayengumbhali-mbali wamandulo ngokwesithethe sababhali-mbali beTestamente Endala nangokwesithethe sikaThucydides [omnye wababhali-mbali bolona didi luphezulu bemihla yamandulo]. Njengabo umele ukuba wabulaleka ekuphandeni imithombo yakhe yenkcazelo, ekukhetheni umbandela wakhe nasekuwusebenziseni loo mbandela. . . . UThucydides wadibanisa le ndlela nemvakalelo enzulu yokunikela iinkcukacha ezichanileyo ezingokwembali: asikho isizathu sokucinga ukuba uLuka wenza okunganeno.”9
26. (a) Sisiphi isigqibo awafikelela kuso uLuka ngokuphathelele uvuko lukaYesu? (b) Yintoni enokuba yamomeleza kwesi sigqibo?
26 Yafikelela kwesiphi isigqibo le ndoda ifaneleke ngolu hlobo mayela nesizathu sokuba ingcwaba likaYesu lalizé ngoNisan 16? KwiVangeli yakhe nakwincwadi yeZenzo, uLuka unikela ingxelo eyinyaniso yokuba uYesu wayevusiwe kwabafileyo. (Luka 24:1-52; IZenzo 1:3) Wayengathandabuzi konke konke ngoko. Mhlawumbi ukukholelwa kwakhe kuvuko olungummangaliso kwakomelezwe ngamava akhe obuqu. Ngoxa kubonakala ukuba wayengelongqina lakuzibonela lovuko, unikela ingxelo yokuba wayibona imimangaliso eyayisenziwa ngumpostile uPawulos.—IZenzo 20:7-12; 28:8, 9.
Bambona UYesu Ovusiweyo
27. Ngoobani abanye abathi babembonile uYesu ovusiweyo?
27 Ezimbini kwiiVangeli ngokwesithethe kuthiwa zabhalwa ngamadoda awayemazi uYesu, awambonayo esifa, nathi ambona ngokoqobo emva kokuvuswa kwakhe. La madoda ngumpostile uMateyu, owayesakuba ngumbuthi werhafu, noYohane, umpostile owayethandwa nguYesu. Omnye umbhali weBhayibhile, umpostile uPawulos, wakwathi wayembonile uKristu ovusiweyo. Ukongezelela, uPawulos udwelisa amagama abanye abambonayo uYesu ephila emva kokufa kwakhe, yaye uthi ngasihlandlo sithile uYesu wavela ‘kubazalwana abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu.’—1 Korinte 15:3-8.
28. Uvuko lukaYesu lwaba nawuphi umphumo kuPetros?
28 Omnye okhankanywa nguPawulos njengengqina lokuzibonela nguYakobi, umntakwabo Yesu wokwenyama ngonina, omel’ ukuba wayemazi uYesu ukususela ebuntwaneni. Omnye ngumpostile uPetros; lowo umbhali-mbali uLuka anikela ingxelo ngaye yokuba wanikela ubungqina benkalipho ngovuko lukaYesu kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa emva kokufa kukaYesu. (IZenzo 2:23, 24) Ngokwesithethe kuthiwa iincwadi ezimbini eziseBhayibhileni zabhalwa nguPetros, yaye kweyokuqala kwezi uPetros ubonisa ukuba ukukholelwa kwakhe kuvuko lukaYesu kwakuseyintshukumisa enamandla kwanakwiminyaka emininzi emva kweso siganeko. Wabhala esithi: “Makabongwe uThixo, uYise weNkosi yethu uYesu Kristu, othe ngokobuninzi benceba yakhe, wasizala ngokutsha, ukuze sibe nethemba eliphilileyo ngokuvuka kukaYesu Kristu kwabafileyo.”—1 Petros 1:3.
29. Nakuba singenakukwazi ukuthetha namangqina okuzibonela ovuko, sekunjalo bubuphi ubungqina obuchukumisayo esibufumanayo?
29 Ngenxa yoko, kanye njengokuba uLuka wayenokuthetha nabantu ababesithi babembonile uYesu baza bathetha naye emva kokufa kwakhe, sinokuwafunda amazwi awabhalwa ngabathile kwaba. Yaye sinokuzigwebela ngokwethu enoba abo bantu babekhohlisiwe, enoba babezama ukukhohlisa thina, okanye enoba babembone ngokwenene na uKristu ovusiweyo. Ngokuphandle nje, ayikho indlela abanokuba babekhohliswe ngayo. Iqela labo lalizizihlobo ezisenyongweni zikaYesu de kwalixesha lokufa kwakhe. Bambi kubo babekubonile ukungcungcutheka kwakhe emthini wentuthumbo. Balibona igazi namanzi empompoza ephuma kwinxeba lomkhonto elalihlatywe lijoni. Elo joni lalisazi, yaye nabo babesazi, ukuba ngokungenakuphikwa uYesu wayefile. Bathi, kamva bambona uYesu ephilile baza bathetha ngokoqobo naye. Babengenakuze babe bakhohlisiwe. Ngoko, ngaba babezama ukukhohlisa thina ngokuthi uYesu wayevusiwe?—Yohane 19:32-35; 21:4, 15-24.
30. Kutheni kungenakwenzeka nje ukuba amangqina okuzibonela angaphambili okuvuswa kukaYesu abe ayexoka?
30 Ukuze sikuphendule oku, kufuneka sizibuze nje oku: Ngaba bona babekukholelwa oko babekuthetha? Babekukholelwa, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo. KumaKristu, kuquka nabo babesithi bangamangqina okuzibonela, uvuko lukaYesu lwalusisiseko esipheleleyo sokholo lwabo. Umpostile uPawulos wathi: “Ukuba ke uKristu akavukanga, koba akunto ukushumayela kwethu, loba luyalambatha nokholo lwenu . . . Ukuba ke uKristu akavukanga, loba luyinto engeyanto ukholo lwenu.” (1 Korinte 15:14, 17) Ngaba oko kuvakala njengamazwi omntu oxokayo xa esithi wayembonile uKristu ovusiweyo?
31, 32. Kukuphi ukuzincama okwenziwa ngamaKristu okuqala, yaye kutheni le nto oku kububungqina obunamandla bokuba la maKristu ayethetha inyaniso xa ayesithi uYesu wayevusiwe?
31 Khawuqwalasele oko kwakuthetha kona ukuba ngumKristu ngaloo mihla. Kwakungekho nzuzo yakufumana wonga, igunya, okanye ubutyebi. Ngokwenene kwakuchasene noko. Uninzi lwamaKristu okuqala ‘lwakwamkela ngovuyo ukuphangwa kweempahla zalo’ ngenxa yokholo lwawo. (Hebhere 10:34) UbuKristu babufuna ubomi bokuzincama nentshutshiso obabusithi kwiimeko ezininzi buphelele ekufeni njengomfeli-nkolo ngokufa okulihlazo nokubuhlungu.
32 Wambi amaKristu ayevela kwiintsapho ezazimi kakuhle, njengompostile uYohane ekucaca ukuba uyise wayeneshishini elichumileyo lokuloba eGalili. Abaninzi babenamathemba alungileyo kwikamva labo, njengoPawulos lowo, xa wamkela ubuKristu, wayengumfundi kaGamaliyeli umfundisi odume kunene yaye wayeqalisa ukuzibalula emehlweni abalawuli bamaYuda. (IZenzo 9:1, 2; 22:3; Galati 1:14) Kanti, bonke aba bakunikel’ umva oko kwakunikelwa leli hlabathi ukuze basasaze isigidimi esisekelwe kwisibakala sokuba uYesu wayevusiwe kwabafileyo. (Kolose 1:23, 28) Babenokuzincama njani ngolo hlobo ukuba beve ubunzima ngento ababeyazi ukuba isekelwe kubuxoki? Impendulo ikukuba, babengenakukwenza oko. Babekuvuma ukuva ubunzima nokufela into ababeyazi ukuba isekelwe kwinyaniso.
Imimangaliso Iyenzeka Ngokwenene
33, 34. Ekubeni uvuko lwathi lwabakho ngokwenene, sinokuthini ngeminye imimangaliso yeBhayibhile?
33 Ngokwenene, ubungqina obuvunywe ekuhleni beyisa ngokupheleleyo. Ngokwenene uYesu wavuswa kwabafileyo ngoNisan 16, 33 C.E. Yaye ekubeni lwathi lwabakho olo vuko, yonke eminye imimangaliso yeBhayibhile inokwenzeka—mimangaliso leyo esinobungqina obomeleleyo ngayo nobuvela kumangqina okuzibonela. Amandla amanye awavusa uYesu akwamnceda uYesu ukuba avuse unyana womhlolokazi waseNayin. Akwamnika amandla uYesu ukuba enze imimangaliso emincinane—kodwa esamangalisayo—yokuphilisa. Ngawo awayebangele ukondliwa okumangalisayo kwesihlwele, yaye ikwaNgawo awanceda uYesu ukuba ahambe emanzini.—Luka 7:11-15; Mateyu 11:4-6; 14:14-21, 23-31.
34 Ngaloo ndlela, isibakala sokuba iBhayibhile isixelela ngemimangaliso asisosizathu sokukuthandabuza ukunyanisa kwayo. Kunoko, isibakala sokuba imimangaliso yenzeka kumaxesha okubhalwa kweBhayibhile sibubungqina obunamandla bokuba ngokwenene iBhayibhile iliLizwi likaThixo. Kodwa kusekho esinye isityholo ebekwa sona iBhayibhile. Abaninzi bathi iyaziphikisa yaye ngenxa yoko ayinakuze ibe liLizwi likaThixo. Ngaba oku kuyinyaniso?
[Imibhalo esemazantsi]
a Sithi “ngokuqhelekileyo,” kuba yimbi imimangaliso eseBhayibhileni isenokuba yabandakanya izinto zemveli, ezinjengeenyikima zomhlaba okanye ukubhidlika okukhulu komhlaba. Phofu ke, ezo zihlo zisajongwa njengemimangaliso kuba zenzeka kanye ngexesha ekwakufuneka zenzeke ngalo yaye ngaloo ndlela kucaca ukuba zazisalathiswa nguThixo.—Yoshuwa 3:15, 16; 6:20.
b Usuku lwamaYuda lwaluqala malunga nentsimbi yesithandathu ngorhatya luze luqhubeke de kube yintsimbi yesithandathu ngorhatya olulandelayo.
[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 81]
Iintshaba zobuKristu zathi abafundi bawuba umzimba kaYesu. Ukuba oku kwakunjalo, kwakutheni ukuze amaKristu avume ukufela ukholo olusekelwe kuvuko lwakhe?
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 85]
Kutheni Kungekho Mimangaliso Namhlanje?
Maxa wambi kuphakanyiswa lo mbuzo: ‘Kutheni kungekho mimangaliso enjengale iseBhayibhileni namhlanje?’ Impendulo ikukuba imimangaliso yayifeza injongo yayo emva apho, kodwa namhlanje uThixo usilindele ukuba siphile ngokholo.—Habhakuki 2:2-4; Hebhere 10:37-39.
Ngemihla kaMoses, imimangaliso yenzeka ukuze imisele iimfaneleko zikaMoses kwisigxina sakhe. Yabonisa ukuba uYehova wayemsebenzisa nokuba umnqophiso woMthetho ngokwenyaniso wawuvela kuThixo nokuba ukususela ngoko ukusa phambili amaSirayeli ayengabantu abanyuliweyo bakaThixo.—Eksodus 4:1-9, 30, 31; Duteronomi 4:33, 34.
Kwinkulungwane yokuqala, imimangaliso yancedela ukumisela iimfaneleko zikaYesu yaye, emva kwakhe, ezebandla lamaKristu eliselitsha. Yakwancedela ukubonisa ukuba uYesu wayenguMesiya othenjisiweyo, nokuba emva kokufa kwakhe uSirayeli wokwenyama wathatyathelwa indawo njengabantu abakhethekileyo bakaThixo libandla lamaKristu, yaye ngaloo ndlela uMthetho kaMoses wawungasabophi.—IZenzo 19:11-20; Hebhere 2:3, 4.
Emva kwemihla yabapostile, ixesha lemimangaliso lalidlule. Umpostile uPawulos wathi: “Nokuba ke ziziprofeto, ziya kubhangiswa; nokuba ziilwimi, ziya kupheza; nokuba kukwazi, kuya kuphuthiswa. Kuba siyazi ngokuyinxenye, siprofeta ngokuyinxenye. Xa kuthe ke kwafika okuzalisekileyo, kuya kwandula ukuphuthiswa okuyinxenye.”—1 Korinte 13:8-10.
Namhlanje, sineBhayibhile epheleleyo, enazo zonke izityhilelo nesiluleko sikaThixo. Sinenzaliseko yesiprofeto, yaye sikwanokuqonda okuhambele phambili ngeenjongo zikaThixo. Ngenxa yoko, akusekho mfuneko yemimangaliso. Sekunjalo, umoya okwamnye kaThixo owenza imimangaliso yaba nokwenzeka usekho yaye uvelisa imiphumo enikela ubungqina obomeleleyo bamandla kaThixo. Siya kubona okungakumbi ngoku kwisahluko esizayo.
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 75]
Abaninzi bakujonga ukuthembeka kwemithetho yemveli, njengesibakala sokuba ilanga liphuma ntsasa nganye, njengobungqina bokuba imimangaliso ayinakuze yenzeke
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 77]
Ukudalwa komhlaba njengekhaya lezinto eziphilayo ‘kwakusisiganeko esimangalisayo’ esenzeka kwaba kanye kuphela
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 78]
Ubunokuyi-chaza njani imimangaliso yenzululwazi yanamhla kubani owayephila kwiminyaka engama-200 eyadlulayo?