Isahluko 8
Inzululwazi: Ngaba Iyingqine IBhayibhile Iphosisile?
Ngowe-1613 isazinzulu saseItali uGalileo sapapasha incwadi eyaziwa ngelithi “Letters on Sunspots.” Kuloo ncwadi, wanikela ubungqina bokuba umhlaba ujikeleza ilanga, kunokuba ibe lilanga elijikeleza umhlaba. Ngokwenjenjalo, waqalisa ungcelele lweziganeko ezathi ekugqibeleni zaya kumphendulisa ngaphambi kweNkundla yamaRoma Katolika yokuNcina Ukholo ebekwa isityholo sokuba “kurhanelwa ngamandla ukuba ukhuthaza uqhekeko.” Ekugqibeleni, wanyanzelwa ukuba “arhoxe.” Kutheni le nto ingcamango yokuba umhlaba ujikeleza ilanga yayijongwa njengoqhekeko? Kungenxa yokuba abamangaleli bakaGalileo bathi yayichasene noko kwakuthethwa yiBhayibhile.
1. (Quka intshayelelo.) (a) Kwenzeka ntoni xa uGalileo wanikela ingcamango yokuba umhlaba wawujikeleza ilanga? (b) Nangona iBhayibhile ingeyoncwadi yesikhokelo yenzululwazi, sifumanisa ntoni xa siyithelekisa nenzululwazi yale mihla?
NAMHLANJE iBhayibhile ijongwa ngokubanzi njengaleyo ingachananga ngokwezenzululwazi, yaye bambi balatha kumava kaGalileo ukungqinela oko. Kodwa ngaba kunjalo oku? Xa siphendula loo mbuzo, simele sikhumbule ukuba iBhayibhile iyincwadi yesiprofeto, yembali, yomthandazo, yomthetho, yesiluleko neyolwazi ngoThixo. Ayizibangi iyincwadi yesikhokelo yenzululwazi. Sekunjalo, ithi iBhayibhile yakuchaphazela imicimbi engokwezenzululwazi, suke oko ikuthethayo kuchane ncam.
Isijikelezi-langa Sethu Umhlaba
2. IBhayibhile ikuchaza njani ukuma komhlaba esithubeni?
2 Ngokomzekelo, khawuqwalasele oko iBhayibhile ikutshoyo ngesijikelezi-langa sethu, umhlaba. Kwincwadi kaYobhi, sifunda oku: “[UThixo] ulaneka izulu langasentla enyanyeni, axhome ihlabathi phezu kokungeni.” (Yobhi 26:7) Thelekisa oku nenkcazelo kaIsaya, xa esithi: “Ngulo uhlala phezu kwesazinge sehlabathi.” (Isaya 40:22) Umfanekiso odluliselwayo womhlaba ongqukuva ‘ojinga phezu kokungeni’ “enyanyeni” usikhumbuza ngamandla ngemifanekiso yomhlaba ongqukuva ondanda esithubeni ethatyathwe ngoosomajukujuku.
3, 4. Unjani umjikelezo wamanzi omhlaba, yaye ithini iBhayibhile mayela noku?
3 Kwakhona, khawuqwalasele umjikelezo omangalisayo wamanzi omhlaba. ICompton’s Encyclopedia ikuchaza ngolu hlobo oko kwenzekayo: “Amanzi . . . aguquka abe ngumphunga esuka kumphezulu weelwandle uze loo mphunga unyukele emoyeni . . . Imisinga yalo moya inyuka ngokuthe ngcembe ithwala umoya ofumileyo iwusa kumhlaba owomileyo. Uthi ke wakuphola lo moya, umphunga wamanzi uguquke ujiye uze wenze amaqabaza amancinane amanzi. Ngokuqheleke kakhulu la adla ngokubonakala njengamafu. Ngokufuthi la maqabaza mancinane ayahlangana aze abumbe amaqabaza emvula. Ukuba lo moya ubanda ngokwaneleyo, kubumbeka amahlwantsi ekhephu kunokuba kubumbeke amaqabaza emvula. Nakuyiphi na kwezi meko, amanzi aye ahamba esuka kulwandle olukude kangangamakhulukhulu okanye kwanamawakawaka eekhilomitha awela emhlabeni. Apho ahlanganisana kwimifula okanye afunxwe ngumhlaba aze aqalise uhambo lwawo lokubuyela elwandle.”1
4 Le nkqubo iphawulekayo, eyenza kwazeke ukuphila kumhlaba owomileyo, yachazwa kakuhle kakhulu malunga nama-3 000 eminyaka eyadlulayo ngamazwi alula nangqalileyo aseBhayibhileni: “Yonke imilambo iya elwandle ukanti ulwandle aluzali; endaweni eya kuyo imilambo, ibuya iye kwakhona.”—INtshumayeli 1:7.
5. Achane ngokumangalisayo njani kwanakumhla wethu amagqabaza omdumisi angembali yeentaba zomhlaba?
5 Mhlawumbi okuphawuleka ngokude kwangakumbi kukuqonda enako iBhayibhile ngembali yeentaba. Naku okuthethwa yincwadi yesikhokelo ngenzululwazi yokubumbeka komhlaba: “Ukususela kumaxesha angaphambi kokuyileka kwesaleko somhlaba esiyiCambrian ukuza kuthi ga ngeli xesha, bekuqhubeka inkqubo ethe rhoqo yokwakheka nokutshatyalaliswa kweentaba. . . . Akuphelelanga nje ekuthini iintaba zavela emazantsi eelwandle ezathi shwaka, kodwa bezisoloko zigutyungelwe ngamanzi ixesha elide emva kokubumbeka kwazo, zaza emva kwethuba zabuya zaphakanyiswa.”2 Khawukuthelekise oku nolwimi olubumbongo lomdumisi: “Waligubungela [ihlabathi] ngamanzi anzongonzongo njengesambatho, ema amanzi phezu kweentaba. Kwenyuka iintaba, kwehla izihlambo, aya [amanzi] kuloo ndawo ubuwasekele yona.”—INdumiso 104:6, 8.
“Ekuqalekeni”
6. Ngawaphi amazwi eBhayibhile avisisana neengcamango zangoku ezingokwenzululwazi ngokuphathelele imvelaphi yendalo iphela?
6 Kwaindinyana yokuqala yeBhayibhile ithi: “Ekuqalekeni uThixo wadala amazulu nehlabathi.” (Genesis 1:1) Uhlolisiso olwenziweyo luye lwakhokelela izazinzulu ukuba zinikele ingcamango yokuba ngokwenene indalo ebonakalayo yaba nesiqalo. Ibingasoloko ikho ngalo lonke ixesha. Isazi ngeenkwenkwezi uRobert Jastrow, ongakholelwayo kwizinto ezingokonqulo, wabhala oku: “Iinkcukacha azifani, kodwa iinkalo ezisisiseko kwingxelo yezazi ngeenkwenkwezi neyeBhayibhile engeGenesis ziyafana: ulandelelwano lweziganeko olukhokelela emntwini lwaqalisa ngequbuliso yaye ngokuthe ngqo kwixesha elithile, luqalisa ngokukhawulezileyo yaye ngamandla.”3
7, 8. Nangona zingayivumi inxaxheba awaba nayo uThixo kulo mbandela, izazinzulu ezininzi zinyanzeleke ukuba zivume ntoni mayela nemvelaphi yendalo iphela?
7 Kuyinyaniso ukuba, izazinzulu ezininzi, ngoxa zikholelwa ukuba indalo iphela yaba nesiqalo, aziyamkeli inkcazelo yokuba “uThixo wadala.” Sekunjalo, ngoku zimbi zazo ziyavuma ukuba kunzima ukubutyeshela ubungqina bohlobo oluthile lobani okrelekrele owabangela yonke into. Unjingalwazi wenzululwazi yezinto ezingaphiliyo (physics) uFreeman Dyson ugqabaza esithi: “Okukhona ndiyihlolisisa ngakumbi indalo iphela ndize ndifundisise iinkcukacha ezingobugcisa bokwakhiwa kwayo, kokukhona ndifumana ubungqina obungakumbi bokuba ngangqiqo ithile indalo iphela imele ukuba yayisazi ukuba sasisiza.”
8 Lo kaDyson uhlabela mgama evuma oku: “Kuba ndisisazinzulu, esiqeqeshwe ngeendlela zokucinga nezokuthetha zale nkulungwane yamashumi amabini kunezeyeshumi elinesibhozo, anditsho ukuba ubugcisa bokwakhiwa kwendalo iphela bungqinela ukuba ukho uThixo. Endikutshoyo nje kuphela kukuba ubugcisa bokwakhiwa kwendalo iphela buyavisisana nengcamango yokuba ingqondo inendima ebalaseleyo ekusebenzeni kwayo.”4 Ngokuqinisekileyo amagqabaza akhe abhenca isimo sengqondo sokuthandabuza yonke into seli xesha lethu. Kodwa xa sikubekel’ ecaleni oko kuthandabuza, ubani uphawula ukuba kukho imvisiswano emangalisayo phakathi kwenzululwazi yale mihla namazwi eBhayibhile okuba “ekuqalekeni uThixo wadala amazulu nehlabathi.”—Genesis 1:1.
Impilo Nococeko
9. Umthetho weBhayibhile ongezifo zolusu ezosulelayo ububonakalisa njani ubulumko obusebenzisekayo? (Yobhi 12:9, 16a)
9 Khawuqwalasele indlela iBhayibhile eyigubungela ngayo enye inkalo: impilo nococeko. Ukuba umSirayeli wayenetshatshaza esikhumbeni ekwakurhaneleka ukuba liliqhenqa, wayehlaliswa yedwa. “Yonke imihla esikhoyo kuye isibetho, woba yinqambi kuphele, ahlale yedwa ngaphandle kweminquba, ukuhlala kwakhe.” (Levitikus 13:46) Kwaneempahla ezazosulelwe sisifo zazitshiswa. (Levitikus 13:52) Ngaloo mihla, le yayiyindlela ephumelelayo yokuthintela ukwanda kwesifo esosulelayo.
10. Kungayiphi indlela ebebeya kuthi abaninzi kumazwe athile bangenelwe ngayo ngokulandela isiluleko seBhayibhile esingemigaqo yempilo?
10 Omnye umthetho obalulekileyo wawunokuthanani nokugqunyelelwa kwelindle lomntu, ekwakufuneka lingcwatywe ngaphandle kweminquba. (Duteronomi 23:12, 13) Ngokungathandabuzekiyo lo mthetho wawasindisa amaSirayeli kwizifo ezininzi. Nanamhlanje, iingxaki ezinzulu ezingokwempilo kumazwe athile zibangelwa kukuba ilindle lomntu aligqunyelelwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba abantu abahlala kuloo mazwe bebenokulandela nje umthetho owabhalwa eBhayibhileni kumawakawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo, bebenokuba nempilo entle ngakumbi.
11. Sisiphi isiluleko seBhayibhile esingempilo yasengqondweni esifunyaniswe siluncedo?
11 Umlinganiselo ophakamileyo weBhayibhile ongemigaqo yempilo wawubandakanya nempilo engokwasengqondweni. Umzekeliso weBhayibhile wathi: “Bubomi benyama intliziyo epholileyo; ke lona ikhwele yimpehla emathanjeni.” (IMizekeliso 14:30) Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphando lwezamayeza luye lwabonisa ukuba ngokwenene impilo yethu engokomzimba iyachatshazelwa yimeko yengqondo yethu. Ngokomzekelo, uGqirha C. B. Thomas weYunivesithi iJohns Hopkins wayenze uhlolisiso kwabathwesw’ iimbasa abangaphezu kwewaka kangangethuba elingaphezu kwe-16 leminyaka, ethelekisa iimpawu zabo ezingokwengqondo nomlinganiselo wokuhlaselwa kwabo lula zizifo. Enye into awayiphawulayo yile: Abathwesw’ iimbasa ababechanabeke ngakumbi ekuhlaselweni zizifo yayingabo babecaphuka ngakumbi baze banxunguphale ngakumbi xa bexinezelekile.5
Ithini IBhayibhile?
12. Kutheni le nto iCawa yamaKatolika yagxininisa kwelokuba ingcamango kaGalileo engomhlaba yayiluqhekeko?
12 Ukuba iBhayibhile ichane kangako kwimibandela engokwenzululwazi, kutheni le nto iCawa yamaKatolika yathi imfundiso kaGalileo yokuba umhlaba ujikeleza ilanga yayichasene neZibhalo? Kungenxa yendlela abo basegunyeni bazitolika ngayo iindinyana ezithile zeBhayibhile.6 Ngaba babechanile? Makhe sifunde izicatshulwa zibe zibini kwezo babezicaphulile size sibone.
13, 14. Ziziphi iindinyana zeBhayibhile ezasetyenziswa phosakeleyo yiCawa yamaKatokika? Cacisa.
13 Esinye isicatshulwa sithi: “Ilanga liyaphuma, ilanga libuya litshone, liphikele endaweni yalo apho liphuma khona.” (INtshumayeli 1:5) Ngokutsho kweCawa, amabinzana anjengelithi “ilanga liyaphuma” nelithi “ilanga libuya litshone” athetha ukuba lilanga elihambayo, kungenguwo umhlaba. Kodwa nanamhlanje sisatsho sithi ilanga liyaphuma libuye litshone, yaye inkoliso yethu iyazi ukuba ngumhlaba ohambayo, ingelilo ilanga. Xa sisebenzisa amabinzana anjengala, kuphela nje sichaza oko kubonakala ngathi kukuhamba kwelanga njengoko libonakala kumntu olondeleyo. Umbhali weBhayibhile wayesenza kanye oko.
14 Esinye isicatshulwa sithi: “Waliseka ihlabathi phezu kwemimiso yalo, ukuba lingashukunyiswa naphakade kanaphakade.” (INdumiso 104:5) Oku kwatolikwa njengokuthetha ukuba emva kokudalwa kwawo umhlaba wawungenakuze ushukume. Noko ke, inyaniso ikukuba le ndinyana igxininisa ukuba umhlaba wohlala ukho, kungekuko ukuba awushukumi. Umhlaba awusayi kuze ‘ushukunyiswe’ ungabikho, okanye utshatyalaliswe, njengokuba nezinye iindinyana zeBhayibhile zikungqinela oko. (INdumiso 37:29; INtshumayeli 1:4) Kwakhona, esi sibhalo asinanto yakwenza nokuhamba komhlaba ngokunxulumene nelanga. Ngemihla kaGalileo yayiyiCawa, kungeyiyo iBhayibhile, eyathintela ingxubusho ekhululekileyo engokwezenzululwazi.
Indaleko Nendalo
15. Iyintoni ingcamango yendaleko, yaye iphikisana njani neBhayibhile?
15 Phofu ke, kukho inkalo apho abaninzi bebeya kuthi inzululwazi yale mihla neBhayibhile azivisisani konke konke kuyo. Inkoliso yezazinzulu ikholelwa kwingcamango yendaleko, efundisa ukuba zonke izinto eziphilayo zazivelela zisuka kuhlobo olulula lwento ephilayo eyabakho kwiminyaka ezizigidi eyadlulayo. Kwelinye icala, iBhayibhile ifundisa ukuba qela ngalinye eliyintloko lezinto eziphilayo ladalwa ngokukhethekileyo yaye livelisa inzala kuphela ‘ngokohlobo lwalo.’ Ithi umntu wadalwa “ngothuli lwasemhlabeni.” (Genesis 1:21; 2:7) Ngaba le yimposiso ezicaceleyo eseBhayibhileni kwimicimbi engokwenzululwazi? Ngaphambi kokuba sifikelele kwisigqibo, makhe sikuhlole ngenyameko oko kwaziwa yinzululwazi, ngokuchasene noko ikucingela kunjalo.
16-18. (a) Yintoni eyabonwa nguCharles Darwin eyamkhokelela ekukholelweni kwindaleko? (b) Sinokuqiqa njani ngelokuba oko kwabonwa ngokaDarwin kwiziQithi iGalápagos akuphikisani noko kuthethwa yiBhayibhile?
16 Ingcamango yendaleko yenziwa yayinto edumileyo ngethuba lenkulungwane edluleyo nguCharles Darwin. Xa wayekwiziQithi iGalápagos kwiPasifiki, lo kaDarwin wachukunyiswa ngamandla ziintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zeentaka ezinjengoongqatyana ezazikwiziqithi ezahlukeneyo, awathi akuzibona, wagqiba kwelokuba zimele ukuba zonke ziyinzala yohlobo olunye lomnombo. Ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yoku wakubonayo, wakhulisa ingcamango yokuba zonke izinto eziphilayo zivela kuhlobo olunye lwento ephilayo yantlandlolo nengantsonkothanga. Wamisela ukuba amandla endaleko awayebangele ukuba izidalwa ezikudidi oluphantsi zivelise izidalwa ezikudidi oluphezulu, ayekukuzikhethela kwendalo, kusinda ezona zinamandla. Wathi ngenxa yendaleko, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni zavela ezintlanzini, iintaka zavela kwizidalwa ezirhubuluzayo, njalo njalo.
17 Eneneni, oko kwabonwa ngokaDarwin kwezo ziqithi zikwanti kwakungachasananga neBhayibhile, evumela ukuba kubekho ukwahlukahlukana kwakuhlobo olunye oluyintloko lwezinto eziphilayo. Ngokomzekelo, zonke iintlanga zoluntu zavela nje kwisibini sokuqala santlandlolo esingabantu. (Genesis 2:7, 22-24) Ngoko akunto ingumnqa ukuba ezo ntlobo zahlukahlukeneyo zezo ntaka zinjengoongqatyana zibe zazinokuvela kuhlobo olunye lomnombo. Kodwa zasoloko zihleli zizezo ntaka zingoongqatyana. Azizange ziguquke ngenkqubo yendaleko zibe ngookhetshe okanye iinkozi.
18 Ezo ntlobo zahlukahlukeneyo zezo ntaka zinjengoongqatyana okanye nantoni na engenye eyabonwa ngulo kaDarwin azizange zingqinele ukuba zonke izinto eziphilayo zizalwa kumnombo omnye, enoba zingookrebe okanye amangabangaba, iindlovu okanye imisundululu. Sekunjalo, izazinzulu ezininzi zimisela ukuba indaleko ayiseyongcamango nje kuphela koko isisibakala esiyinyaniso. Zimbi, ngoxa ziziqonda iingxaki zale ngcamango, zithi sekunjalo ziyayikholelwa. Kuyinto edumileyo ukwenjenjalo. Phofu ke, thina kufuneka sazile enoba indaleko iye yangqinwa iyinyaniso ukusa kumkhamo wokuba ibe yona iBhayibhile iphosisile kusini na.
Ngaba Ingqinwe Iyinyaniso?
19. Ngaba ingxelo yeefosili ixhasa indaleko okanye indalo?
19 Inokuvavanywa njani ingcamango yendaleko? Eyona ndlela ilula gqitha kukuhlolisisa ingxelo yeefosili ukubona enoba lwenzeka ngokwenene kusini na utshintsho oluthe ngcembe ukusuka kolunye uhlobo ukusa kolunye. Ngaba lwenzeka? Aluzange lwenzeke, njengoko iqela lezazinzulu livuma ngokunyanisekileyo. Esinye isazinzulu, uFrancis Hitching, sibhala oku: “Xa ukhangela izinto ezidibanisa amaqela ayintloko ezilwanyana, ngokulula nje azifumaneki.”7 Oku kungabikho kobungqina kwingxelo yeefosili kucace kangangokuba oonondaleko baye bafuna ezinye iindlela zokuyibeka ingcamango kaDarwin yotshintsho oluthe ngcembe. Noko ke, inyaniso ikukuba ukuvela ngequbuliso kweentlobontlobo zezilwanyana kwingxelo yeefosili kuxhasa ukudalwa okukhethekileyo ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba kuyixhasa indaleko.
20. Kutheni le nto indlela iiseli eziphilayo eziyivelisa ngayo inzala yazo ingakuvumeli ukuphumezeka kwendaleko?
20 Ukongezelela, lo kaHitching ubonisa ukuba izidalwa eziphilayo zifakwe ngaphakathi kuzo amandla okuvelisa ezikwafana nazo ncam kunokuba ziguquke ngokuthe ngcembe ngenkqubo yendaleko zize zibe yenye into. Uthi: “Iiseli eziphilayo ziyaziphindaphinda ngokuthembeka okuphants’ ukuba kokugqibeleleyo. Umlinganiselo wemposiso mncinane kangangokuba akukho matshini wenziwe ngumntu onokuze usondele kwaukusondela kukuchana okunjalo. Kukwakho neziqhobosho ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwezi seli. Izityalo zikhula zifikelele kwibakala elithile zize zingakhuli zibe zikhulu ngakumbi. Iimpukane zeziqhamo azibi yenye into ngaphandle kokuba zibe zezi mpukane zeziqhamo zizizo ngaphantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko ezisele zilingiwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.”8 Ukuguqulwa kweeseli zemfuza okubangelwe zizazinzulu kwiimpukane zeziqhamo ukutyhubela amashumishumi eminyaka kusilele ukuzinyanzela ukuba ziguquke zibe yenye into.
Apho Zavela Khona Izinto Eziphilayo
21. Sisiphi isigqibo esangqinelwa nguLouis Pasteur esizisa ingxaki enzulu koonondaleko?
21 Omnye umbuzo oxhomis’ amakhwapha abasileleyo ukuwuphendula oonondaleko ngulo: Zavela phi izinto eziphilayo? Lwabakho njani uhlobo lokuqala lwento ephilayo engantsonkothanga—ekucingelwa ukuba sonke simele ukuba savela kuyo? Kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo, oku kunokuba kwakubonakala kungeyongxaki. Ngelo xesha inkoliso yabantu yayicinga ukuba iimpukane zazinokuvela kwinyama ebolileyo nokuba imfumba yamadlavu amadala inokuthi ngokuzenzekelayo ivelise iimpuku. Kodwa, ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka eyadlulayo, isazi sokusebenza kwemichiza esingumFrentshi uLouis Pasteur sakubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba izinto eziphilayo zinokuvela kuphela kwizinto eziphilayo ebezisele zikho ngaphambili.
22, 23. Ngokutsho koonondaleko, zabakho njani izinto eziphilayo, kodwa zibonisa ntoni izibakala?
22 Ngoko oonondaleko bawuchaza njani umthombo wezinto eziphilayo? Ngokweyona ngcamango ithandwa kunene, ukuhlangana ngamabona-ndenzile kwemichiza namandla kwabangela ukuvela ngokuzenzekelayo kwezinto eziphilayo kwiminyaka ezizigidi eyadlulayo. Kuthekani ngomgaqo owangqinwa ngokaPasteur? IThe World Book Encyclopedia iyachaza: “OkaPasteur wabonisa ukuba izinto eziphilayo azinakuze zivele ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphantsi kweemeko ezikhoyo emhlabeni namhlanje ezingokwemichiza nezingokumila kwezinto. Phofu ke, kumawaka ezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, iimeko ezingokwemichiza nezingokumila kwezinto emhlabeni zazahlukene ngokupheleleyo”!9
23 Noko ke, kwanangaphantsi kwezona meko zahlukene ngokupheleleyo, kukho umsantsa omkhulu phakathi kwento engaphiliyo kwaneyona nto iphilayo ingantsonkothanga. Kwincwadi yakhe ethi Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, UMichael Denton uthi: “Phakathi kweseli ephilayo neyona nkqubo ilungelelaniswe ngokuphakame gqitha engaphiliyo, enjengekristali okanye ihlwantsi lekhephu, kukho umsantsa omkhulu nopheleliseleyo gqitha kunokuba unokuwuthelekelela.”10 Ingcamango yokuba into engaphiliyo inokuphila ngenxa yamabona-ndenzile athile elishwa ikude lee enyanisweni kangangokuba ayinakuze yenzeke. Inkcazelo yeBhayibhile, yokuba ‘izinto eziphilayo zavela kwezinye izinto eziphilayo’ kuba izinto eziphilayo zadalwa nguThixo, ivisisana ngokweyisayo nezibakala.
Isizathu Sokuba Bangakwamkeli Ukudalwa Kwezinto
24. Phezu kwazo nje iingxaki zale ngcamango, kutheni le nto inkoliso yezazinzulu isabambelele kwingcamango yendaleko?
24 Phezu kwazo nje iingxaki evele inazo ingcamango yendaleko, namhlanje ukukholelwa ekudalweni kwezinto kugqalwa njengokuchasene nenzululwazi nokude kwakokukhwankqisayo. Kutheni oku kunjalo nje? Kutheni le nto nengcaphephe enjengoFrancis Hitching, obubhence ngokunyaniseke kangako ubuthathaka bendaleko, eyicekisa nje ingcamango yokudalwa kwezinto?11 UMichael Denton uchaza ukuba indaleko, phezu kwako nje ukusilela kwayo, iya kuqhubeka ifundiswa kuba iingcamango ezinxulumene nendalo “zibandakanya ngokuphandle amandla abangela izinto angaphaya kwamandla omntu.”12 Ngamanye amazwi, isibakala sokuba indalo ibandakanya uMdali siyenza ingamkeleki. Ngokuqinisekileyo, olu ikwaluhlobo olunye lokuqiqa okujijekileyo esihlangene nalo kwimeko yemimangaliso: Imimangaliso ayinakuze yenzeke kuba iyamangalisa!
25. Xa sithetha ngokwezenzululwazi, bubuphi ubuthathaka bendaleko obubonisa ukuba akunakuphethukelwa kuyo ngentembelo xa kuphikiswana nokudalwa kwezinto ekuchazeni imvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo?
25 Ngaphezu koko, ingcamango yendaleko ngokwayo ikrokreleka ngokunzulu ngokwembono yezenzululwazi. UMichael Denton uhlabela mgama esithi: “Ekubeni ngokusisiseko iyingcamango yokwakhiwa ngokutsha kwembali, akunakuze kwenzeke ukuba [ingcamango yendaleko kaDarwin] ingqinelwe ngohlolisiso lolingelo okanye ngokondelwa ngokungqalileyo njengoko oko kuyinto eqhelekileyo kwinzululwazi. . . . Ukongezelela, ingcamango yendaleko inokuthanani nongcelele lweziganeko ezikhethekileyo, imvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo, imvelaphi yobukrelekrele njalo njalo. Iziganeko ezikhethekileyo azize ziphindwe yaye azinakuze ziphandwe nangaluphi na uhlobo lolingelo.”13 Inyaniso ikukuba ingcamango yendaleko, phezu kwako nje ukuthandwa kwayo, izele yimisantsa naziingxaki. Ayinikeli sizathu silungileyo sokuyicekisa ingxelo yeBhayibhile engemvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo. Isahluko sokuqala seGenesis sinikela inkcazelo esengqiqweni ngokupheleleyo engendlela ezabakho ngayo “ezi ziganeko zikhethekileyo” “ezingenakuphindwa” ngethuba ‘lemihla’ yokudala eyatyhubela iinkulungwane ngeenkulungwane zeminyaka.a
Kuthekani NgoMkhukula?
26, 27. (a) Ithini iBhayibhile ngoMkhukula? (b) Ngokuyinxenye, amele ukuba avela phi amanzi oMkhukula?
26 Abaninzi balatha kokunye okucingelwa ikukuphikisana phakathi kweBhayibhile nenzululwazi yale mihla. Kwincwadi yeGenesis, sifunda ukuba kumawakawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo ububi babantu babubukhulu kangangokuba uThixo wagqiba kwelokuba abatshabalalise. Phofu ke, wayalela indoda elilungisa uNowa ukuba yakhe inqanawa enkulu yemithi, umkhombe. Emva koko uThixo wezisa umkhukula phezu koluntu. Kuphela nguNowa nentsapho yakhe abasindayo, kunye nazo zonke izilwanyana ezazimela iintlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana. UMkhukula waba mkhulu kangangokuba “zagutyungelwa zonke iintaba eziphakamileyo kakhulu, eziphantsi kwamazulu onke.”—Genesis 7:19.
27 Avela phi onke la manzi okugubungela umhlaba uphela? IBhayibhile ngokwayo inikela impendulo. Kwasentloko kwinkqubo yokudalwa kwezinto, xa isibhakabhaka esisemoyeni saqalisayo ukubumbeka, kwabakho “amanzi angaphantsi kwesibhakabhaka” kwabuya kwakho “amanzi angaphezu kwesibhakabhaka.” (Genesis 1:7; 2 Petros 3:5) Xa wafikayo uMkhukula, iBhayibhile ithi: “Iingcango zezulu zavuleka.” (Genesis 7:11) Ngelicacileyo, “amanzi angaphezu kwesibhakabhaka” awa aza abangela amanzi amaninzi awayefuneka kwezo zandyondyo zemvula.
28. Abakhonzi bakaThixo bamandulo, kuquka noYesu, bawujonga njani uMkhukula?
28 Iincwadi zesikhokelo zale mihla zityekele ekuwugqaleni njengento engazange ibekho umkhukula wazwenibanzi. Ngoku sinyanzelekile ukuba sibuze sithi: Ngaba uMkhukula uyintsomi nje, okanye ngaba wabakho ngokwenene? Ngaphambi kokuba sikuphendule oko, simele siphawule ukuba abanquli bakaYehova bamaxesha amva bawamkela uMkhukula njengembali yokwenene; abazange bawujonge njengentsomi nje. UIsaya, uYesu, uPawulos noPetros babephakathi kwabo babhekisela kuwo njengento eyabakho ngokwenene. (Isaya 54:9; Mateyu 24:37-39; Hebhere 11:7; 1 Petros 3:20, 21; 2 Petros 2:5; 3:5-7) Kodwa kukho imibuzo ekufuneka iphenduliwe ngalo Nogumbe wazwenibanzi.
Amanzi OMkhukula
29, 30. Ziziphi izibakala ezingamanzi omhlaba ezibonisa ukuba wawunokubakho uMkhukula?
29 Okokuqala, ngaba ingcamango yokuba umhlaba wonke wagutyungelwa ngamanzi asiyongcamango egabadeleyo? Eneneni akunjalo. Eneneni, ukusa kumlinganiselo othile umhlaba usagutyungelwe ngamanzi. Ama-70 ekhulwini awo agutyungelwe ngamanzi yaye kuphela ngama-30 ekhulwini angumhlaba owomileyo. Ukongezelela, ama-75 ekhulwini amanzi anokuselwa omhlaba avaleleke kwimikhenkcekazi emikhulu ekumazwe engqele nakwiintaba zemikhenkce ezikwiincam zomhlaba. Ukuba wonke lo mkhenkce ubunokunyibilika, ebeya kunyuka kakhulu amanzi akwiilwandle. Izixeko ezinjengeNew York neTokyo beziya kuthi shwaka.
30 Ngokubhekele phaya, iThe New Encyclopædia Britannica ithi: “Umlinganiselo wobunzulu bazo zonke iilwandle uqikelelwa ukwiimitha ezingama-3 790 (iinyawo ezili-12 430), nani elo elikhulu gqitha xa lithelekiswa nomlinganiselo wokuphakama komhlaba ngaphezu kolwandle, mlinganiselo lowo ongama-840 eemitha (iinyawo ezingama-2 760). Ukuba umlinganiselo wobunzulu bolwandle uphindaphindwa ngobukhulu bommandla walo kuze kwenziwe njalo nasemhlabeni, umthamo weeLwandlekazi Zehlabathi mkhulu ngokuphindaphindwe kangangezihlandlo eli-11 kunomthamo womhlaba ongaphezu kweelwandle.”14 Ngoko, ukuba yonke into ibinokutyenenezwa ibe sithabazi—ukuba iintaba bezinokudilizwa zibe sicaba ize imiwonyo yeenzulu zeelwandle izaliswe ngomhlaba—ulwandle belunokuwugubungela wonke umhlaba ukusa kubunzulu bamawakawaka eemitha.
31. (a) Ukuze ube uMkhukula wawukho, imele ukuba yayinjani imeko ngomhlaba wangaphambi koMkhukula? (b) Yintoni ebonisa ukuba kuyinto enokwenzeka ukuba iintaba zazingaphakamanga kangako nokuba imiwonyo yeelwandle yayingenzulu kangako ngaphambi koMkhukula?
31 Ukuze ube wawukho ngokwenene uMkhukula, imiwonyo yeelwandle ngaphambi koMkhukula imele ukuba yayingenzulu kangako, yaye iintaba zimele ukuba zazingaphakamanga kangako kunokuba zinjalo ngoku. Ngaba oku kunokwenzeka? Kaloku, enye incwadi yesikhokelo ithi: “Ngoku apho iintaba zehlabathi zingoorhec’ izulu ukusa kumphakamo ophakame kakhulu, kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, kwakukade kuthe thabalala ngokuyindinisa iilwandle namathafa. . . . Ukushukuma kwamacandelo omaleko amazwekazi kwabangela ukuba umhlaba owomileyo unyuke uye kufikelela kwincopho apho kuphela kunokuphila ezo zilwanyana kwanezityalo zizezona zomeleleyo, uze kwelinye icala eligabadeleyo, uzike uye kuhlala emazantsi ugqunywe ngendili nesithozela ngaphantsi kolwandle.”15 Ekubeni iintaba nemiwonyo yolwandle inyuka ibuye ihle, licacile elokuba ngaxa lithile iintaba zazingaphakamanga njengoko zinjalo ngoku yaye imiwonyo emikhulu ekwiilwandle yayingenzulu njengoko injalo ngoku.
32. Kumele ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kumanzi oMkhukula? Cacisa.
32 Kwenzeka ntoni kumanzi omkhukula emva koMkhukula? Amele ukuba afunxeleka kwimiwonyo ekwiilwandle. Njani? Izazinzulu zikholelwa kwelokuba amazwekazi ahleli phezu kwamacandelo amakhulu omaleko. Ukushukushukuma kwala macandelo omaleko omhlaba kunokubangela ukuguquka kokuma komphezulu womhlaba. Kwiindawo ezithile namhlanje, kukho imiwonyo enzulu engaphantsi kwamanzi ebunzulu bayo bungaphezu kweshumi leekhilomitha kwimida apho la macandelo amazwekazi ahlukana khona ngaphantsi komhlaba.16 Kusenokwenzeka ukuba—mhlawumbi ngokubangelwa nguMkhukula ngokwawo—la macandelo omaleko omhlaba ashukuma, umphantsi wolwandle wazika, kwaza kwavuleka imisele emikhulu eyavulela ukuba amanzi afunxeleke kuyo emke emhlabeni owomileyo.b
Ngaba Kukho Zinto Zalatha KuMkhukula?
33, 34. (a) Bubuphi ubungqina ezisele zinabo izazinzulu obusenokuba bubungqina boMkhukula? (b) Ngaba kusengqiqweni ukuthi izazinzulu zisenokuba zibuqonda phosakeleyo obu bungqina?
33 Ukuba siyavuma ukuba umkhukula omkhulu wathi wabakho, kutheni le nto izazinzulu zingafumananga nto yalatha kuwo? Mhlawumbi ziyifumene, kodwa zibutolika ngenye indlela ubungqina. Ngokomzekelo, inzululwazi engokwesithethe ifundisa ukuba umphezulu womhlaba uye wakhukuliswa kwiindawo ezininzi yimikhenkcekazi emikhulu enamandla ngethuba longcelele lwamaxesha okugutyungelwa komhlaba ngumkhenkce. Kodwa maxa wambi okubonakala ngathi bubungqina bokusebenza kwemikhenkce emikhulu kusenokuba ngumphumo wokusebenza kwamanzi. Ngoko, ngokunokwenzeka, bumbi bobungqina boMkhukula buqondwa phosakeleyo njengobungqina bokusebenza komkhenkce ngethuba lokugutyungelwa komhlaba ngumkhenkce.
34 Iimpazamo ezikwanjalo ziye zenziwa. Ngokuphathelele ithuba laxa izazinzulu zazikhulisa ingcamango yazo yamaxesha okugutyungelwa komhlaba ngumkhenkce, siyafunda: “Zazifumanisa ukuba ebudeni benqanaba ngalinye lembali yokwakheka komhlaba kwakubakho umkhenkce okhukulisayo, ngokuvisisana nentanda-bulumko yokuphindaphindeka kweziganeko ezifanayo ngolungelelwano. Phofu ke, ukuhlolisiswa ngokutsha nangenyameko kobungqina kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwayiphikisa ingcamango yokuba kwakukho amaxesha okugutyungelwa komhlaba ngumkhenkce; iingquzu zomhlaba ezazikhe ngaxa lithile zafaniswa njengentlenge eshiywe yimikhenkce emikhulu ziye zatolikwa ngokutsha njengeengqumba ezafunjwa ziimpuphuma zodaka, kukubhidlika okukhulu komhlaba okwenzeka ngaphantsi kweelwandle nemisinga ethwala intlenge yomhlaba: iimpuphuma zamanzi agxobhagxobhekileyo athwele intlenge yomhlaba, intlabathi, namahlalutye ziwakhupha emazantsi kwiilwandle ezinzulu.”18
35, 36. Bubuphi ubungqina obukwingxelo yeefosili nobukwinzululwazi yokuma komhlaba obusenokuba bunxulumene noMkhukula? Cacisa.
35 Obunye ubungqina boMkhukula bubonakala bukho kwingxelo yeefosili. Ngokwale ngxelo, ngaxa lithile kwakukhe kwakho izingwe ezinkulu ezinamabamba amade nabukhali ezazizingela amaxhoba azo kwelaseYuropu, amahashe awayemakhulu kunawo nawaphi na amanye aphilayo ngoku awayedakasa emNtla Merika nezilwanyana ezinjengendlovu ezazizityela utyani kwelaseSiberia. Kwathi ke, kulo lonke ihlabathi, iintlobo zezi zilwanyana zathi shwaka. Kwangaxeshanye, kwabakho inguqulelo yequbuliso kwimozulu. Amashumi amawaka ezi zilwanyana zinjengendlovu afa aza akhenkceka ngequbuliso eSiberia.c UAlfred Wallace, indoda edume kunene neyayiphila ngaxeshanye noCharles Darwin, wathi ukutshatyalaliswa okubanzi ngolo hlobo kumele ukuba kwabangelwa sisiganeko esithile esikhethekileyo esenzeka ehlabathini liphela.19 Abaninzi baye baqiqa ngelithi eso siganeko sasinguMkhukula.
36 Inqaku lomhleli kwiphephancwadi elithi Biblical Archaeologist laphawula oku: “Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ibali lomkhukula omkhulu lisesinye sezona zithethe zisasazeke ngokubanzi kwinkcubeko yoluntu . . . Sekunjalo nakwezona zithethe zidala zifumaneka kwimithombo yeMpuma Ephakathi, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwakukhe kwakho umkhukula wokoqobo owawumkhulu ngokugqithiseleyo ngelinye lamathuba obukho bamanzi amaninzi emhlabeni . . . kwisithuba esikumawakawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo.”20 Amathuba obukho bamanzi amaninzi emhlabeni yayingamaxesha axa umphezulu womhlaba wawumanzi kakhulu kunokuba kunjalo ngoku. Amachibi anamanzi aselwayo kulo lonke ihlabathi ayemakhulu ngakumbi kunokuba enjalo ngoku. Kucingelwa ukuba obo bumanzi babubangelwe zizandyondyo zemvula ezazibangelwa kukunyibilika nokuphela komkhenkce owawugubungele umhlaba. Kodwa bambi baye bavelisa ingcamango yokuba ngasihlandlo sithile ubumanzi obugqithiseleyo bomphezulu womhlaba babubangelwe nguMkhukula.
Uluntu Aluzange Lulibale
37, 38. Esinye isazinzulu sikubonisa njani ukuba, ngokobungqina, kunokwenzeka ukuba uMkhukula wawukho, yaye sazi njani ukuba ngokwenene wawukho?
37 UNjingalwazi wenzululwazi yokuma komhlaba uJohn McCampbell wakha wabhala oku: “Umahluko osisiseko phakathi kweshwangusha elingokweBhayibhile [uMkhukula] nokuguquguquka ngokulungeleleneyo okungokwendaleko awungenxa yeenkcazelo ezingokwezibakala zenzululwazi yokuma komhlaba kodwa ungenxa yendlela ezitolikwa ngayo ezo nkcazelo. Utoliko olukhethwayo luya kuxhomekeka ikakhulu kwimvelaphi yomfundi ngamnye nakwizinto azithelekelelayo.”21
38 Into yokuba uMkhukula wabakho ngokwenene ibonwa kwisibakala sokuba uluntu aluzange luwulibale. Ukutyhubela lonke ihlabathi, kwiindawo ezikude njengaseAlaska neziQithi zoLwandle lwasemaZantsi, kukho amabali amandulo angomkhukula. Abantu bangaphambili bomgquba, ababengabemi belizwe laseMerika ngaphambi kokufika kukaColumbus, kwanaBemi Bomgquba baseOstreliya, bonke banamabali angoMkhukula. Ngoxa zimbi zezi ngxelo zisahlukana ngokweenkcukacha, isibakala esisisiseko sokuba umhlaba wakha wagutyungelwa ngamanzi nokuba kuphela ngabantu abambalwa abasindiswayo kumkhombe owenziwe ngumntu sivela phantse kuzo zonke iimbali ezahlukahlukeneyo ezingawo. Ekuphela kwenkcazelo yokwamkelwa ngokubanzi ngolo hlobo kukuba uMkhukula wawusisiganeko esingokwembali.d
39. Bubuphi ubungqina obungakumbi esibubonileyo besibakala sokuba iBhayibhile ililizwi likaThixo, kungelilo elomntu?
39 Ngaloo ndlela, kwiinkalo ezisisiseko iBhayibhile iyavisisana nenzululwazi yale mihla. Apho kukho ukuphikisana phakathi kwezi zimbini, ubungqina bezazinzulu buyathandabuzeka. Apho zivumelana khona, ngokufuthi iBhayibhile ichane kangangokuba simele sikholelwe ukuba inkcazelo yayo yayifumana kubani onobulumko obungaphezu kobomntu. Ngokwenene, ukuvumelana kweBhayibhile nenzululwazi engqinelweyo kunikela ubungqina obungakumbi bokuba ililizwi likaThixo, kungelilo elomntu.
[Imibhalo esemazantsi]
a Ingxubusho eneenkcukacha ngakumbi ngombandela wendaleko nendalo ifunyanwa kwincwadi ethi Life—How Did It Get Here? By Evolution or by Creation? epapashwe ngowe-1985 yiWatchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
b Incwadi ethi Planet Earth—Glacier itsalela ingqalelo kwindlela amanzi akwimo yamacwecwe omkhence awucinezela ngayo umphezulu womhlaba. Ngokomzekelo, ithi: “Ukuba umkhenkce welaseGreenland ubunokuthi shwaka, ekugqibeleni eso siqithi besinokuxhuma kangangeemitha ezingama-[600].” Ngenxa yoku, umphumo womkhukula womhlaba wonke wequbuliso kwiinxalenye ezithile zomphezulu womhlaba umele ukuba waba ngoyintlekele.17
c Olunye uqikelelo luthi zizigidi ezihlanu.
d Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi ngoMkhukula, bona incwadi ethi Insight on the Scriptures, epapashwe yiWatchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc., uMqulu 1, iphepha 327, 328, 609-612.
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 105]
“Ngothuli”
I-“The World Book Encyclopedia” inikela le ngxelo: “Zonke izakhi ezingokwemichiza ezibumba izinto eziphilayo zikwakho kulutho olungaphiliyo.” Ngamanye amazwi, imichiza esisiseko ebumba izinto eziphilayo, kuquka umntu, ikwafumaneka kumhlaba ngokwawo. Oku kuyavisisana namazwi eBhayibhile athi: “UYehova uThixo wambumba umntu ngothuli lwasemhlabeni.”—Genesis 2:7.
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 107]
‘Ngokomfanekiselo KaThixo’
Bambi balatha kwiimfano ezingokomzimba phakathi komntu nezinye izilwanyana ukungqinela ulwalamano analo nazo. Phofu ke, kufuneka bevumile ukuba amandla angokwengqondo omntu angaphezulu lee kunalawo aso nasiphi na isilwanyana. Kutheni le nto umntu enobuchule bokwenza amacebo exa elizayo aze alungelelanise ihlabathi elimngqongileyo, amandla okubonakalisa uthando, ubukrelekrele bengqondo obuphakamileyo, isazela, nolwazi lokuqonda ixa elidluleyo, ixa elikhoyo kwanekamva? Indaleko ayinakuze ikuphendule oku. Kodwa iBhayibhile iyakuphendula, xa isithi: “Wamdala ke uThixo umntu ngokomfanekiselo wakhe; wamdala ngokomfanekiselo kaThixo.” (Genesis 1:27) Xa kufikelela kubuchule bomntu obungokwengqondo nobungokokuziphatha nobokwazi ukwenza izinto, uyimbonakaliso yoYise wakhe osemazulwini.
[Umzobo/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 109]
(Ukuba ufuna inkcazelo ehlahlelwe kakuhle, yiya kwimpapasho)
IBhayibhile inikela inkcazelo echanileyo yomjikelezo wamanzi omhlaba
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 99]
Ukuwuchaza kweBhayibhile umhlaba njengojinga esithubeni kungqi-nelana kakuhle noko oosomajukujuku banikele ingxelo yako njengabakubonileyo
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 102]
IBhayibhile ayizibandakanyi ekuthini ngumhlaba ojikeleza ilanga okanye lilanga elijikeleza umhlaba
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 113]
Ukuba umhlaba wawenziwe waba sithabazi, kungabikho zintaba okanye miwonyo, ubunoku-gutyungelwa ngokupheleleyo ngumaleko onzulu wamanzi
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 114]
Kwafunyanwa izilwanyana ezinjengendlovu ezazikhenkceke ngokukhawuleza emva kokufa kwazo
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 115]
ULouis Pasteur wangqinela ukuba izinto eziphilayo zinokuvela kuphela kwizinto eziphilayo ezisele zikho kakade