Isihlomelo

IGazi: Lukhetho Nesazela Sikabani?

nguJ. Lowell Dixon, M.D.

Iphinde yashicilelwa ngemvume yeNew York State Journal of Medicine, 1988; 88:463-464, copyright by the Medical Society of the State of New York.

OOGQIRHA bazinikele ngokupheleleyo ekusebenziseni ulwazi, ubuchule namava abanawo ekulweni izifo nokufa. Kanti, kuthekani ukuba umguli uyalwala unyango olunconyelwayo? Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba umguli uliNgqina likaYehova yaye unyango lolokusebenzisa igazi, iiseli zegazi ezibomvu, isiyilelo okanye iiplatelets.

Xa kufikelelwa kumbandela wokusebenzisa igazi, ugqirha usenokuvakalelwa kukuba ukhetho lomguli lonyango lokungasebenzisi gazi luya kubatsalisa nzima oogqirha abazinikeleyo kulo msebenzi. Sekunjalo, ubani akamele alibale ukuba abaguli abangengawo amaNgqina kaYehova badla ngokukhetha ukungakulandeli oko kunconyelwa ngoogqirha babo. Ngokuka-Appelbaum noRoth,⁠¹ i-19 ekhulwini labaguli kwizibhedlele zokuqeqesha ubuncinane baye balwala uhlobo okanye inkqubo ethile yonyango, nakubeni i-15 ekhulwini labo bathi bala “kwakubonakala ukuba babeka ubomi babo engozini.”

Imbono eqhelekileyo yokuba “ugqirha wazi okona kulungileyo” ibangela ukuba inkoliso yabaguli izinikele ngokupheleleyo kubuchule nakulwazi loogqirha babo. Kodwa hayi indlela ebekuya kuba yintlekele ngokuchuliweyo ngayo ukuba ugqirha ebeya kuqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe ngokungathi eli binzana beliyinyaniso engokwenzululwazi aze anyange abaguli ngokwenza ngokuvisisana nabo. Enyanisweni, uqeqesho lwethu kwezonyango, ukunikwa amaphepha-mvume namava asinika amalungelo athile aphawulekayo kwezonyango. Noko ke, abo bagulayo baze beze kuthi banawo amalungelo. Yaye, njengoko sisenokuba siyakuqonda oko, umthetho (kwanoMgaqo-siseko) uwabalaselisa ngokungakumbi amalungelo omntu.

Kwiindonga zezibhedlele ezininzi, ubani ubona kuxhonywe “Uxwebhu Lwamalungelo Abaguli.” Elinye lala malungelo lukhetho olwenziwa kuqondwa okubandakanyekileyo. Emva kokuba umguli exelelwe ngezinto ezisenokuba ngumphumo ngenxa yonyango olwahlukahlukeneyo (okanye ukunganyangwa), nguye omele akhethe oko aya kukuvumela. KwiSibhedlele iAlbert Einstein, eBronx, eNew York, umgaqo obhaliweyo wokutofelwa kwegazi namaNgqina kaYehova wathi: “Nawuphi na umguli okhulileyo nosezingqondweni unelungelo lokulwala unyango kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukwala kwakhe kunokuba yingozi kangakanani na kwimpilo yakhe.”⁠²

Ngoxa oogqirha besenokuvakalisa inkxalabo ngemigaqo ebalawulayo, iinkundla ziye zagxininisa kukubaluleka kokhetho lomguli.⁠³ INkundla Yezibheno yaseNew York yavakalisa ukuba “ilungelo lomguli lokumisela unyango alufunayo [libalulekile] . . . [U]gqirha akanakubekwa tyala lakungaziphumezi iimfanelo zakhe ezingokomthetho nezingokomsebenzi wakhe xa evumelana nelungelo lomguli osezingqondweni nokhulileyo lokwala unyango.”⁠⁴ Loo nkundla iye yaphawula ukuba “ukulondolozwa kwengqibelelo yemigaqo elawulayo kumsebenzi wezonyango ngoxa kubalulekile, akunakubaluleka ngaphezu kwamalungelo asisiseko kabani aqinisekisiweyo apha. Ziimfuno neminqweno yomntu ngamnye, ebalulekileyo kungekhona iimfuno zeziko elo.”⁠⁵

Xa iNgqina lisala igazi, oogqirha basenokuziva benesazela ngokucinga ukwenza oko bakubona kungaphantsi koko bebenokukwenza. Noko ke, into efunwa liNgqina koogqirha abanenkathalo kukunikela olunye unyango olulolona lulungileyo lunokwenziwa phantsi kweemeko ezo. Ngokufuthi simele siguqule indlela yonyango lwethu ukuvumelana neemeko, ezinjengoxinzelelo lwegazi, ukwaliwa okungamandla ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane okanye ukungabikho kwezixhobo ezithile zokunyanga zexabiso. Kumguli oliNgqina, oogqirha bayacelwa ukuba bahlangabezane nonyango okanye ingxaki yotyando ngokuvisisana nokhetho nesazela somguli, isigqibo sakhe esilungileyo nesingokonqulo sokuzinxwema kwigazi.

Iingxelo ezininzi zotyando olubalulekileyo kubaguli abangamaNgqina zibonisa ukuba oogqirha abaninzi, ngesazela esilungileyo nangempumelelo, banako ukuhlangabezana nesicelo sokungasebenzisi gazi. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1981, okaCooley waphinda wahlolisisa iingxelo ezili-1 026 zoqhaqho-ntliziyo, ama-22 ekhulwini kuzo izezabantwana. Wafumanisa ukuba “ingozi yotyando kubaguli abangamaNgqina kaYehova ayizange ibe nkulu kangako kuneyabanye.”⁠⁶ UKambouris⁠⁷ wanikela ingxelo ngotyando lwamaNgqina olubalulekileyo, wambi kuwo awathi “abandezwa unyango olwalufuneka ngokungxamisekileyo emva kotyando ngenxa yokungafuni kwawo ukwamkela igazi.” Wathi: “Bonke abaguli baye bafumana iziqinisekiso zangaphambi konyango zokuba iinkolelo zabo zonqulo zaziya kuxatyiswa, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimeko zinjani na kwigumbi lotyando. Akuzange kubekho miphumo mibi ngenxa yalo mgaqo.”

Xa umguli eliNgqina likaYehova, ngaphezu komcimbi wokhetho, isazela siba nendima ebalulekileyo. Ubani akanakucinga nje kuphela ngesazela sikagqirha. Kuthekani ngesomguli? AmaNgqina kaYehova abugqala ubomi njengesipho esivela kuThixo esimelwe ligazi. Ayakholelwa kumyalelo weBhayibhile wokuba amaKristu amele ‘azile igazi’ (IZenzo 15:28, 29).⁠⁸ Ngenxa yoko, ukuba ugqirha uthe ngaphandle kokuqwalasela amalungelo awo wazityeshela iinkolo ezinzulu zonqulo nekudala zikho zomguli, umphumo usenokuba ngombi gqitha. UPopu John Paul II uye waphawula ukuba ukunyanzela ubani ukuba atyeshele isazela sakhe, “kukwenzakaliswa okukhulu okunokubangelwa kwisidima somntu. Ngandlel’ ithile, kungaphezu kokufa okanye ukubulawa.”⁠⁹

Ngoxa amaNgqina kaYehova elala igazi ngenxa yezizathu zonqulo, abaguli abangakumbi abangengomaNgqina bakhetha ukuliphepha igazi ngenxa yeengozi ezinjengoGawulayo, inon-A non-B hepatitis nokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba kwizifo. Kubo sisenokuvakalisa iimbono zethu enoba iingozi ezinjalo zibonakala zincinane na xa zithelekiswa neengenelo. Kodwa, njengokuba iAmerican Medical Association ubonisa, umguli “ungumahluli wokugqibela enoba uya kuzibeka engozini na ngenxa yonyango okanye utyando olunconyelwa ngugqirha okanye azifake kwingozi yokuphila ngaphandle kwalo. Eli lilungelo elifanelekileyo lomntu ngamnye, elaziwa kakhulu emthethweni othi umthetho ulithabathele ingqalelo.”⁠¹⁰

Ngokuphathelele oku, uMacklin⁠¹¹ uzisa engqalelweni umbandela wengozi neengenelo ngokuphathelelene neNgqina “elazibeka engozini yokopha de lafa ngaphandle kokutofela igazi.” Ugqirha ongumfundi wathi: “Iingqondo zakhe zaziphelele. Wenza ntoni xa iinkolelo ezingokonqulo zingqubana nokuphela komthombo wonyango?” UMacklin waqiqa ngelithi: “Sisenokukholelwa ngokunzulu ekubeni lo mntu uyaphazama. Kodwa amaNgqina kaYehova akholelwa ukuba ukutofelwa igazi . . . [kusenokuphumela] ekugwetyweni okungunaphakade. Siqeqeshelwe ukwenza uhlalutyo lwengozi nengenelo kwezamayeza kodwa ukuba uthelekisa ukugwetywa okungunaphakade nokufumana ubomi emhlabeni, uhlalutyo luba lolwahlukileyo.”⁠¹¹

UVercillo noDuprey⁠¹² kule nkupho yeJournal babhekisela kwi-In re Osborne ukuphuhlisa umdla ekuqinisekiseni inkuselo yabo basaxhomekeke kubazali, kodwa lasingathwa njani elo tyala? Lalingobawo wabantwana ababini ababesebancinane owayenzakale kanobom. Inkundla yamisela ukuba ukuba ufile, izalamane zaziya kubanyamekela abantwana bakhe ngezinto eziphathekayo nangokomoya. Ngoko ke, njengakumatyala akutshanje,⁠¹³ inkundla yafumanisa kungekho sizathu sinyanzelisayo sakuthethelela ukutyeshelwa kokhetho lomguli ngokuphathelele unyango; ukungenelela kwenkundla ukuze inyanzelise unyango olwalungafunwa nguye ngokunzulu kwakuyinto engeyomfuneko.⁠¹⁴ Ngonyango olulolunye umguli wachacha waza waqhubeka enyamekela intsapho yakhe.

Ngaba akuyonyaniso ukuba uninzi lweemeko abahlangabezene nazo oogqirha okanye ekubonakala beseza kuhlangabezana nazo, zinokuphunyezwa ngaphandle kwegazi? Esikufundileyo nesikwaziyo ngokonakona kunokuthanani neengxaki zonyango, kanti abaguli bangabantu abanemilinganiselo nosukelo olungenakutyeshelwa. Ngabona baziyo ngezinto abazibeka kuqala ebomini babo, indlela yabo yokuziphatha nesazela sabo, nto leyo eyintsingiselo yobomi babo.

Ukuhlonela izazela zonqulo zabaguli abangamaNgqina kusenokuzisa ucelomngeni kubuchule bethu. Kodwa njengoko sihlangabezana nolu celomngeni, sigxininisa kwiinkululeko ezixabisekileyo esizivuyela sonke. Kunjengokuba uJohn Stuart Mill ngokufanelekileyo wabhalayo esithi: “Ukuba kwibutho labantu awaxatyiswa ngokupheleleyo la malungelo, akubikho nkululeko, enoba luhlobo olunjani lorhulumente elinalo . . . Elowo ungumlondolozi ofanelekileyo wempilo yakhe, enoba ngokomzimba, okanye ngokwengqondo nangokomoya. Abantu ngabona bangenelwayo ngokutsalisana nzima ukuze baphile ngendlela abayibona ilungile kubo, kunokunyanzela omnye ukuba aphile ngendlela ebonakala ilungile kwabanye.”⁠¹⁵

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