Isahluko 26

Ukuvelisa Uncwadi LweBhayibhile Ukuze Lusetyenziswe Kubulungiseleli

ILIZWI elibhaliweyo liye lanendima ebalulekileyo kunqulo lokwenyaniso. UYehova wanika amaSirayeli iMithetho Elishumi, okokuqala wawaxelela ngomlomo wandula ke wayibhala phantsi. (Eks. 20:1-17; 31:18; Gal. 3:19) Ukuze aqinisekise ukuba iLizwi lakhe laliya kudluliselwa ngokuchanileyo, uThixo wayalela uMoses nabaprofeti abaninzi nabapostile ababephila emva kwakhe ukuba babhale.—Eks. 34:27; Yer. 30:2; Hab. 2:2; ISityhi. 1:11.

Inkoliso yoko kwabhalwa mandulo kwabhalwa kwimisongo. Noko ke, ngenkulungwane yesibini yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo, kwenziwa umbhalo-ngqangi, okanye incwadi enamaphepha. Le yayisonga imali ngakumbi yaye kwakulula ukuyisebenzisa. Yaye yayisetyenziswa kakhulu ngamaKristu, njengoko ayebona ukuxabiseka kwayo ekusasazeni iindaba ezilungileyo zoBukumkani bukaThixo obungoMesiya. Unjingalwazi uE. J. Goodspeed, kwincwadi yakhe ethi Christianity Goes to Press, uthetha oku ngokuphathelele loo maKristu okuqala njengabapapashi beencwadi: “Ayengahambisani nolwazi lwamaxesha awayephila ngawo nje kuphela kwimibandela enjalo, ayehambele phambili, yaye abapapashi beenkulungwane ezalandelayo bawalandela.”—1940, iphe. 78.

Ngoko ke, akumangalisi ukuba amaNgqina kaYehova namhlanje, njengabavakalisi boBukumkani bukaThixo, eye ngeendlela ezithile aphakathi kwabo baphambili ekushicileleni.

Ukuvelisa Uncwadi LwaBafundi BeBhayibhile Bokuqala

Ngowe-1876, kwapapashwa elinye lamanqaku okuqala awabhalwa nguC. T. Russell, kwiBible Examiner, eyayihlelwa nguGeorge Storrs waseBrooklyn, eNew York. Emva kokuba uMzalwan’ uRussell enxulumene noN. H. Barbour waseRochester, eNew York, lo kaRussell wanikela ngemali ukuze kupapashwe incwadi ethi Three Worlds nephepha elalisaziwa ngokuba yiHerald of the Morning. Wayesebenza njengosekela-mhleli welo phepha yaye, ngowe-1877, wasebenzisa izixhobo zeHerald ukuze apapashe incwadana ethi The Object and Manner of Our Lord’s Return. Umzalwan’ uRussell wayenengqondo ebukhali kwimibandela yokomoya nakwimicimbi yezoshishino, kodwa yayingokaBarbour owayenamava ekwenzeni umsebenzi wokulungelelanisa amagama ngaphambi kokushicilela.

Noko ke, xa uBarbour wakhanyela ukuxabiseka kwedini lentlawulelo likaYesu Kristu lokuxolelwa kwezono, uMzalwan’ uRussell wayeka ukunxulumana naye. Ngoko, ngowe-1879 xa okaRussell waqalisa ukupapasha iZion’s Watch Tower and Herald of Christ’s Presence, wayexhomekeke kubarhwebi abashicilelayo.

Kunyaka olandelayo kwalungiselelwa ukupapashwa kwephecana lokuqala kungcelele olwalwenziwe ngenjongo yokwenza abantu babe nomdla kwiinyaniso zeBhayibhile. Lo msebenzi wakhawuleza wamkhulu gqitha. Ukuze bawusingathe, kwasekwa iZion’s Watch Tower Tract Society ngoFebruwari 16, 1881, uW. H. Conley waba ngumongameli yaye uC. T. Russell waba ngunobhala nonondyebo. Kwenziwa amalungiselelo okuba umsebenzi wokushicilela wenziwe ziinkampani zorhwebo kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zasePennsylvania, eNew York, eOhio naseBritani. Ngowe-1884, iZion’s Watch Tower Tract Societya yabhaliswa ngokusemthethweni, uC. T. Russell waba ngumongameli, yaye kumgaqo-siseko wayo kwaboniswa ukuba yayingengombutho nje owawuza kwalathisa ukupapasha kuphela. Eyona njongo yawo yokwenene yayiphathelele unqulo; wawunelungelo “lokusasaza iiNyaniso zeBhayibhile ngeelwimi ezahlukahlukeneyo.”

Enjani yona inzondelelo abayiphumeza ngayo loo njongo! Ngowe-1881, kwisithuba seenyanga ezine, kwapapashwa amaphecana asisi-1 200 000 anamaphepha angama-200 000 000 xa ewonke. (“Amaphecana” amaninzi kula ayefana neencwadi ezincinane.) Emva koko, ukuveliswa kwamaphecana eBhayibhile asasazwa ngesisa kwanda kwaya kumashumi ezigidi nyaka ngamnye. La maphecana ayeshicilelwa ngeelwimi ezingama-30 yaye ayengasasazwa eMerika kuphela kodwa naseYurophu, eMzantsi Afrika, eOstreliya nakwamanye amazwe.

Enye inkalo yalo msebenzi yaqalisa ngowe-1886, xa uMzalwan’ uRussell wagqiba ukubhala incwadi ethi The Divine Plan of the Ages, umqulu wokuqala kungcelele lwemiqulu emithandathu awayibhala ngokobuqu. Ngokuphathelele ukupapashwa kwemiqulu emine yokuqala kolo ngcelele (ngowe-1886-97), namaphecana neMboniselo ukususela ngowe-1887 ukusa kowe-1898, wayesebenzisa iTower Publishing Company.b Ekuhambeni kwexesha, umsebenzi wokulungiselela ukushicilela wawusenziwa ngabazalwana eBible House ePittsburgh. Ukuze bagcine iindleko ziphantsi, kwakhona babethenga iphepha lokushicilela. Ngokuphathelele ukushicilela nokudibanisa iincwadi, uMzalwan’ uRussell ngokufuthi wayefaka iiodolo kwiinkampani ezininzi. Wayeceba ngenyameko, eodola kusengaphambili ukuze afumane amaxabiso amahle. Ukususela kwixesha lokupapashwa kwencwadi yokuqala eyabhalwa nguC. T. Russell ukuya kuthi ga kowe-1916, kwaveliswa kwaza kwasasazwa izi-9 384 000 zaloo miqulu mithathu.

Ukupapashwa koncwadi lweBhayibhile akuzange kuyekwe ekufeni kukaMzalwan’ uRussell. Kunyaka olandelayo kwashicilelwa umqulu wesixhenxe weStudies in the Scriptures. Wakhululwa kwintsapho yaseBheteli ngoJulayi 17, 1917. Wawufuneka gqitha kangangokuba ekupheleni kwaloo nyaka, uMbutho wafaka iiodolo zemibhalo yesiNgesi engama-850 000 kubarhwebi abashicilelayo nabadibanisa iincwadi. Kwakuveliswa uhlelo lwezinye iilwimi eYurophu. Ngaphezu koko, ngaloo nyaka kwashicilelwa amaphecana azizigidi ezingama-38.

Kodwa ke, ebudeni bethuba lentshutshiso eqatha ngowe-1918, ngoxa amagosa oMbutho ayevalelwe ngokungekho sikweni, ikomkhulu labo (elaliseBrooklyn, eNew York) lavalwa. Iipleyiti zokushicilela zatshatyalaliswa. Abasebenzi ababembalwa gqitha bafudusa iofisi bayibuyisela ePittsburgh kumgangatho wesithathu wesakhiwo esasise-119 Federal Street. Ngaba oku kwakuza kuphelisa ukuvelisa kwabo uncwadi lweBhayibhile?

Ngaba Babefanele Bashicilele Ngokwabo?

Emva kokukhululwa entolongweni komongameli woMbutho, uJ. F. Rutherford, nezinxulumani zakhe, aBafundi beBhayibhile bahlanganisana eCedar Point, eOhio, ngowe-1919. Baqwalasela oko uThixo wayekuvumele kwenzeka kunyaka owandulelayo noko iLizwi lakhe lalisithi babefanele bakwenze kwimihla eyayingaphambili. Kwenziwa isaziso sokuba iphephancwadi elitsha, iThe Golden Age, laliza kupapashwa njengesixhobo esasifanele sisetyenziswe ekwalathiseni abantu kuBukumkani bukaThixo njengobukuphela kwethemba loluntu.

Njengoko wawusenza ngaphambili, uMbutho walungiselela ukuba kushicilele inkampani yorhwebo. Kodwa amaxesha ayeguqukile. Kwakukho iingxaki phakathi kwabaqeshi nabasebenzi kwishishini lokushicilela neengxaki ekuthengeni nasekuthengiseni iphepha. Kwakufuneka ilungiselelo elalinokuthenjwa ngakumbi. Abazalwana bawuthandazela lo mbandela baza balindela ukhokelo lweNkosi.

Okokuqala, babefanele bazakhe phi iiofisi zoMbutho? Ngaba babefanele bafuduse ikomkhulu balibuyisele eBrooklyn? Iqumrhu labalathisi loMbutho lawuqwalasela lo mbandela, yaye kwamiselwa ikomiti ukuba iqwalasele le meko.

UMzalwan’ uRutherford wayalela usekela-mongameli woMbutho, uC. A. Wise, ukuba aye eBrooklyn ukuze abone ukuba yayingenakuphinda ivulwe kusini na iBheteli kuze kuqeshwe neendawo uMbutho owawunokuqalisa kuzo umsebenzi wokushicilela. Enqwenela ukwazi ikhondo uThixo awayeza kulisikelela, uMzalwan’ uRutherford wathi: “Hamba uye kubona ukuba kukuthanda kweNkosi kusini na ukuba sibuyele eBrooklyn.”

UMzalwan’ uWise wabuza: “Ndiya kwazi njani ukuba kukuthanda kweNkosi ukuba sibuyele okanye asikuko?”

UMzalwan’ uRutherford waphendula: “Sanyanzeleka ukuba simke eBrooklyn sibuyele ePittsburgh ngenxa yokungafumani amalahle ngowe-1918.c Masenze uvavanyo ngamalahle. Hamba uye kuodola amalahle.”

“Ucinga ukuba ziitoni ezingaphi endifanele ndiziodole ukuze ndenze olu vavanyo?”

UMzalwan’ uRutherford wacebisa ngelithi: “Yenza uvavanyo lokwenene. Yenza iodolo yeetoni ezingama-500.”

UMzalwan’ uWise wenza kanye oko. Yaye waba yintoni umphumo? Xa wenza isicelo kwabasemagunyeni, wanikwa isiqinisekiso sokufumana iitoni ezingama-500 zamalahle—ezaneleyo ukunyamekela iintswelo zabo kangangeminyaka eliqela! Kodwa babeza kuwagalela phi? Umhlaba omkhulu wegumbi elingaphantsi kwiKhaya laseBheteli wajikwa waba nguvimba wamalahle.

Umphumo wolu vavanyo wathatyathwa njengembonakaliso eqinisekileyo yokuthanda kukaThixo. Ekuqaleni kukaOktobha 1919, kwakhona babeqalisa ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wabo eBrooklyn.

Ngoku, ngaba babefanele bashicilele ngokwabo? Bazabalazela ukuthenga umatshini werotary wokushicilela amaphephancwadi kodwa baxelelwa ukuba babembalwa gqitha kwelaseUnited States yaye babengenakuwufumana kangangeenyanga ezininzi. Sekunjalo, babenentembelo yokuba ukuba yayikukuthanda kweNkosi, yayiya kuyivula indlela. Yaye yenjenjalo!

Kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa bebuyele eBrooklyn, bakwazi ukuthenga umatshini wokushicilela werotary. Kwizitrato ezisibhozo ukusuka kwiKhaya laseBheteli, e-35 Myrtle Avenue, baqesha imigangatho emithathu kwisakhiwo esasilapho. Ekuqaleni kowe-1920 uMbutho wawunendawo yawo yokushicilela—encinane, kodwa enezixhobo ngokwaneleyo. Abazalwana ababenamava aneleyo okusebenzisa ezo zixhobo bazinikela ukuba bancedise emsebenzini.

Inkupho kaFebruwari 1 yeMboniselo (yesiNgesi) ngalo nyaka yashicilelwa kumatshini wokushicilela woMbutho. NgoAprili, neThe Golden Age yayiveliswa kumzi-mveliso wabo wokushicilela. Ekupheleni konyaka, ngovuyo IMboniselo yanikela le ngxelo: “Ebudeni benxalenye enkulu yonyaka wonke umsebenzi obusenziwa kwiMBONISELO, kwiTHE GOLDEN AGE, nakwiincwadana ezininzi, ubusenziwa zizandla ezizinikeleyo, kodwa inye intshukumisa ebisalathisa izenzo zazo, yaye loo ntshukumisa ibikukuthanda iNkosi neenjongo zayo zobulungisa. . . . Xa abanye oolindixesha neempapasho bekufuneka ziyekiwe ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamaphepha okanye ngenxa yeengxaki phakathi kwabaqeshi nabasebenzi, iimpapasho zethu beziqhubeka ziveliswa ngaphandle kweengxaki.”

Indawo yomzi-mveliso yayincinane gqitha, kodwa umsebenzi owawusenziwa wawumangalisa. Kwakushicilelwa rhoqo imibhalo yeMboniselo engama-60 000 kwinkupho nganye. Kodwa kwakushicilelwa neThe Golden Age apho, yaye ebudeni bonyaka wokuqala, inkupho kaSeptemba 29 yayiyebalaseleyo. Yayibhenca ngokweenkcukacha abo babephembelela ukutshutshiswa kwaBafundi beBhayibhile ukususela ngowe-1917 ukusa kowe-1920. Kwashicilelwa imibhalo ezizigidi ezine! Omnye owayesebenza kumatshini wokushicilela kumzi-mveliso kamva wathi: ‘Wonk’ ubani ngaphandle kophekayo kwakufuneka encedisile ekushicileleni loo nkupho.’

Kunyaka wabo wokuqala besebenzisa umatshini werotary wokushicilela amaphephancwadi, uMzalwan’ uRutherford wabuza abazalwana enoba babengenakushicilela neencwadana kusini na kuloo matshini. Ekuqaleni, oko kwakungabonakali kunokwenzeka. Abenzi baloo matshini bathi yayingenakwenzeka loo nto. Kodwa abazalwana bazama yaye baphumelela. Kwakhona bayila umatshini wabo wokusonga baza ngaloo ndlela banciphisa abasebenzi bokwenza lo msebenzi ukusuka kwabali-12 ukusa kwaba-2. Yintoni eyenza ukuba baphumelele? Umveleli womzi-mveliso wayishwankathela ngokuthi “Ngamava nentsikelelo yeNkosi.”

Noko ke, uMbutho wawungenzi umsebenzi wokushicilela eBrooklyn kuphela. Omnye umsebenzi weelwimi zakwamanye amazwe wawuvelelwa kwiofisi eyayiseMichigan. Ukuze kunyanyekelwe iimfuno ezinxulumene naloo msebenzi, ngowe-1921 uMbutho wadibanisa umatshini weLinotype, oomatshini bokushicilela, nezinye izixhobo eziyimfuneko eDetroit, eMichigan. Apho kwakushicilelwa uncwadi ngesiPolish, isiRashiya, isiUkraine nezinye iilwimi.

Kwangaloo nyaka, uMbutho wakhulula incwadi ethi Uhadi lukaThixo, eyayibhalwe ngendlela elungele abasandul’ ukuqalisa ukufundisisa iBhayibhile. Kwada kwangowe-1921 uMbutho ungekazami ukushicilela nokudibanisa iincwadi zawo. Ngaba babefanele bazabalazele ukwenza nalo msebenzi? Kwakhona, bafuna ulwalathiso lweNkosi.

Abazalwana Abazahluleleyo Bashicilela Baze Badibanise Iincwadi

Ngowe-1920, IMboniselo (yesiNgesi) yanikela ingxelo yokuba oovulindlela abaninzi kwakunyanzeleka ukuba bayiyeke loo nkonzo kuba abashicileli nabadibanisi beencwadi babengakwazi ukuzenza zonke iiodolo zoMbutho. Abazalwana ababekwikomkhulu baqiqa ngelithi ukuba babenokungaxhomekeki kwimizi-mveliso yabarhwebi nazo zonke iingxaki eziphakathi kwabaqeshi nabasebenzi, babenokukwazi ukunikela ubungqina ngakumbi ngenjongo kaThixo ngoluntu. Ukuba babeshicilela baze badibanise iincwadi zabo, kwakhona kwakuya kuba nzima ngakumbi ngabachasi ukuphazamisa lo msebenzi. Yaye ekuhambeni kwexesha babenethemba lokuba babeza konga imali ngexabiso leencwadi baze bakwazi ukuzenza zifumaneke ngokulula ngakumbi ebantwini.

Kodwa oku kwakuza kufuna indawo nezixhobo ezingakumbi, yaye kwakuza kufuneka bafunde ubugcisa obutsha. Ngaba babenokukwenza oko? URobert J. Martin, umveleli womzi-mveliso, wakhumbula ukuba ngemihla kaMoses, uYehova ‘wazalisa uBhetsaleli noAholiyabhi ngobulumko bentliziyo ukuba benze wonke umsebenzi’ owawuyimfuneko wokwakha umnquba ongcwele. (Eks. 35:30-35) Ekhumbula loo ngxelo yeBhayibhile, uMzalwan’ uMartin wayenentembelo yokuba uYehova wayenokwenza nantoni na eyayiyimfuneko ukuze abakhonzi bakhe bapapashe uncwadi lokubhengeza uBukumkani.

Emva kokucamngca nokuthandaza kangangexesha elide, kwaqaliswa amalungiselelo aqinisekileyo. Ekhangela emva koko kwenzekayo, uMzalwan’ uMartin kamva wabhalela uMzalwan’ uRutherford esithi: “Olona suku lubalasele kuzo zonke yayilusuku owafuna ukwazi ngalo ukuba kwakukho isizathu esibambekayo esasibangela ukuba singashicileli size sidibanise zonke iincwadi zethu. Leyo yayiyingcamango ebangel’ umdla, kuba oko kwakuthetha ukuqalisa ukulungelelanisa amagama ngokupheleleyo, ukusebenzisa umbane ekwenzeni iipleyiti zokushicilela, ukuba nomzi-mveliso wokushicilela nowokudibanisa iincwadi, nokusebenzisa oomatshini abaninzi esasingabaqhelanga, uninzi lwabo esasingazi nokuba lukho kwaukubakho, nemfuneko yokufunda ubugcisa obuninzi. Kodwa kwakubonakala kuyeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuhlangabezana namaxabiso eencwadi emva kwemfazwe.

“Waqesha isakhiwo esinemigangatho emithandathu e-18 Concord Street (ekwakuhlala abantu kwimigangatho yaso emibini); saza ngoMatshi 1, 1922, safudukela kuso. Wasithengela izixhobo ezaneleyo zokulungelelanisa amagama, nezokwenza iipleyiti zokushicilela ngokusebenzisa umbane, oomatshini bokushicilela nabokudibanisa iincwadi, abaninzi babo babebatsha, abanye babesele besetyenzisiwe; saza saqalisa lo msebenzi.

“Enye yeenkampani ezinkulu ezishicilelayo eyayisenza umsebenzi wethu omninzi yeva ngoko sasikwenza, waza umongameli wayo wasityelela. Wazibona ezo zixhobo zitsha waza ngendlela etyhafisayo wathi, ‘Ngoku ninowona mzi-mveliso wokushicilela uphambili, yaye akukho bani apha wazi nento le ngendlela osebenza ngayo. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu uza kube wonakele yaye ungenakusetyenziswa; yaye niza kubona ukuba abona bantu abafanele bashicilele iimpapasho zenu ngabo bebesoloko bezishicilela, nabo bakwishishini lokushicilela.’

“Oko kwakuvakala kusengqiqweni, kodwa kwakuyikhuphele ecaleni iNkosi; yaye ibisoloko inathi. Xa kwaqaliswa ukudityaniswa kweencwadi yathumela omnye umzalwana owayechithe ubomi bakhe bonke kwishishini lokudibanisa iincwadi. Wayesetyenziswa gqitha ngexesha awayefuneka kakhulu ngalo. Ngoncedo lwakhe, nangomoya weNkosi owawusebenza ngabazalwana ababezama ukufunda, kungekudala sasisenza iincwadi.”

Ekubeni umzi-mveliso owawuseConcord Street wawunendawo enkulu, umsebenzi wokushicilela owawusenziwa eDetroit wadityaniswa nalowo wawusenziwa eBrooklyn. Kunyaka wesibini bekule ndawo, abazalwana babevelisa ama-70 ekhulwini eencwadi neencwadana ezazifuneka, ngaphandle kwamaphephancwadi, amaphecana nezibhengezo. Kunyaka olandelayo, ukwanda komsebenzi kwenza kwayimfuneko ukuba kusetyenziswe imigangatho emibini eseleyo yomzi-mveliso.

Ngaba babenokukukhawulezisa ukuveliswa kweencwadi? Babenomatshini wokushicilela owawenziwe eJamani, waza wathunyelwa eMerika, waza ngowe-1926 wasetyenziselwa ngokukhethekileyo loo njongo. Ngokolwazi lwabo, lowo yayingumatshini wokushicilela wokuqala werotary eMerika owawusetyenziselwa ukushicilela iincwadi.

Noko ke, umsebenzi wokushicilela owawusalathiswa ngaBafundi beBhayibhile wawungenziwa eMerika kuphela.

Umsebenzi Wokuqala Wokushicilela Kwamanye Amazwe

Ngokusebenzisa iinkampani zorhwebo, uMzalwan’ uRussell wenza ukuba kushicilelwe eBritani kwangowe-1881. Kwakushicilelwa eJamani ngowe-1903, eGrisi ngowe-1906, eFinland ngowe-1910, kwanaseJapan ngowe-1913. Ebudeni beminyaka yasemva kwemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, umsebenzi omninzi wokushicilela—iincwadi, iincwadana, amaphephancwadi namaphecana—wawusenziwa eBritani, kumazwe aseScandinavia, eJamani nasePoland, yaye omnye wawusenziwa eBrazil naseIndiya.

Kwandula, ngowe-1920, unyaka uMbutho owaqalisa ngawo ukushicilela amaphephancwadi eBrooklyn, kwenziwa amalungiselelo okuba abazalwana bethu baseYurophu bawenze nalo msebenzi. Iqela labo elaliseSwitzerland lalungiselela umzi-mveliso wokushicilela eBern. Leyo yayiyinkampani yabo yoshishino. Kodwa bonke babengaBafundi beBhayibhile, yaye babevelisa uncwadi loMbutho ngeelwimi zaseYurophu ngamaxabiso amahle kakhulu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uMbutho wafumana ilungelo lasemthethweni lokulawula loo mzi-mveliso wokushicilela waza wawandisa. Ukuze kuzaliswe imfuneko engxamisekileyo kumazwe aseYurophu awayehlwempuzekile ngezoqoqosho ngelo xesha, kwakuveliswa izixa ezikhulu zoncwadi lwesisa apho. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1920, kwakuthunyelwa iimpapasho ngeelwimi ezininzi zisuka kulo mzi-mveliso.

Kwangaxeshanye, kwakubonakaliswa umdla omkhulu kwisigidimi soBukumkani eRomania. Phezu kwayo nje intshutshiso eqatha kumsebenzi wethu apho, uMbutho wakha umzi-mveliso wokushicilela eCluj, ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko zoncwadi kuze kwenziwe ukuba lufumaneke ngokulula ngakumbi kubantu abalambele inyaniso eRomania nakumazwe akufutshane. Ngowe-1924 loo mzi-mveliso wavelisa iincwadi ezinkulu eziphantse zibe yikota yesigidi, ukongezelela kumaphephancwadi neencwadana, ngesiRomania nangolwimi lwaseHungary. Kodwa lowo wayevelela umsebenzi apho wangqineka engathembekanga kwimbopheleleko yakhe waza wenza izinto ezabangela uMbutho walahlekelwa yindawo nezixhobo zawo. Phezu kwako nje oku, abazalwana abathembekileyo baseRomania baqhubeka besenza oko babenako ukwabelana nabanye ngeenyaniso zeBhayibhile.

EJamani emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, abantu abaninzi babethontelana ukuza kwiintlanganiso zaBafundi beBhayibhile. Kodwa abantu baseJamani babebandezeleke gqitha ngokwezoqoqosho. Ukuze ugcine amaxabiso oncwadi lweBhayibhile ephantsi nto leyo eyayiyingenelo kubo, kwakhona uMbutho wavelisa ezawo iindlela zokushicilela apho. EBarmen, ngowe-1922, kwakushicilelwa ngomatshini wokushicilela weflatbed owawungaphantsi kwizinyuko zeKhaya laseBheteli nomnye owawukwishedi yeenkuni. Kunyaka olandelayo abazalwana bafudukela kwizakhiwo ezazifaneleke ngakumbi eMagdeburg. Apho babenezakhiwo ezihle, kongezelelwa ezingakumbi, yaye kwafakwa izixhobo zokushicilela nezokudibanisa iincwadi. Ekupheleni kowe-1925, kwanikelwa ingxelo yokuba, oko kwakuveliswa kuloo mzi-mveliso ubuncinane kwakuza kulingana noko kwakusetyenziswa ngoko kwikomkhulu eBrooklyn.

Umsebenzi omninzi wokushicilela owawusenziwa ngabazalwana waqalisa kancinane. Oko kwakunjalo eKorea, apho ngowe-1922 uMbutho wakha umzi-mveliso wokushicilela omncinane owawuxhotyiselwe ukuvelisa uncwadi ngesiKorea ngesiJapan nangesiTshayina. Emva kweminyaka embalwa, ezo zixhobo zafuduselwa eJapan.

Kwakhona ngowe-1924 kwakushicilelwa izinto ezincinane eKhanada naseMzantsi Afrika. Ngowe-1925 kwaqalisa ukusetyenziswa umatshini omncinane wokushicilela eOstreliya nomnye eBrazil. Abazalwana baseBrazil kungekudala babesebenzisa izixhobo zabo ukushicilela inkupho yesiPhuthukezi yeMboniselo. Isebe loMbutho eNgilani lafumana izixhobo zalo zokuqala zokushicilela ngowe-1926. Ngowe-1929 indlala yokomoya yabantu abathobekileyo baseSpeyin yayisaneliswa ngokupapashwa kweMboniselo kumatshini omncinane wokushicilela apho. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva umatshini wokushicilela waqalisa ukusebenza kwigumbi elingaphantsi leofisi yesebe eFinland.

Ebudeni belo thuba, kwakusandiswa kwikomkhulu lehlabathi.

Umzi-mveliso Wabo Kwikomkhulu Lehlabathi

Ukususela ngowe-1920 uMbutho wawuqeshe indawo yomzi-mveliso eBrooklyn. Kwanesakhiwo esasisetyenziswa ukususela ngowe-1922 ukusa phambili sasingekho mgangathweni; sasidla ngokushukuma sonke xa kwakusetyenziswa umatshini wokushicilela werotary kwigumbi elingaphantsi. Kwakhona, kwakufuneka indawo engakumbi ukuze kunyanyekelwe umsebenzi owandayo. Abazalwana baqiqa ngelithi imali ekhoyo yayinokusetyenziswa kakuhle ukuba babenowabo umzi-mveliso.

Enye indawo eyayikwizitrato ezimbalwa ukusuka kwiKhaya laseBheteli yayibonakala iyindawo enqweneleka gqitha, ngoko bafaka isicelo sokuyithenga. Umphumo wabonisa ukuba iSquibb Pharmaceutical Corporation yayiphumelele kwisicelo sokuyithenga; kodwa yathi xa yayisakha kuloo ndawo, kwafuneka igxumeke emhlabeni iintsika ezili-1 167 ukuze ibe nesiseko esiqinileyo. (Kwiminyaka ethile kamva, iWatch Tower Society yazithenga ezo zakhiwo kwabakwaSquibb, zineso siseko siqinileyo esasisele senziwe!) Noko ke, indawo eyathengwa nguMbutho ngowe-1926 yayinomhlaba oqinileyo ekwakunokwakhiwa kuwo.

NgoFebruwari 1927 bafudukela kwisakhiwo sabo esitsha e-117 Adams Street eBrooklyn. Sasinendawo enkulu phantse ngokuphindwe kabini kunaleyo babeyisebenzisa ukuza kuthi ga ngelo xesha. Sasicetywe kakuhle, umsebenzi wawuqalisa kwimigangatho ephezulu ukuhla ukutyhubela amasebe ahlukahlukeneyo de kufikelele kwiSebe Lokuthumela kumgangatho osezantsi.

Noko ke, ulwando lwalungekapheli. Kwiminyaka elishumi lo mzi-mveliso kwafuneka wandisiwe; yaye kamva kwakuza kwandiswa ngakumbi. Ukongezelela ekushicileleni izigidi zamaphephancwadi neencwadana nyaka ngamnye, lo mzi-mveliso wawuvelisa iincwadi ezili-10 000 ngosuku. Xa kwaqalisa ukuqukwa iiBhayibhile ezipheleleyo kwezo ncwadi ngowe-1942, kwakhona iWatch Tower Society yayiqalisa inkalo entsha ekushicileleni. Abazalwana benza ulingelo de bakwazi ukusebenzisa iphepha leBhayibhile elicekethekileyo koomatshini bokushicilela berotary—nto leyo abanye abashicilelayo abangazange bayizame de kwayiminyaka ethile kamva.

Ngoxa kwakuveliswa ngaloo mkhamo mkhulu, amaqela aneentswelo ezikhethekileyo ayengatyeshelwa. Kwangowe-1910, omnye uMfundi weBhayibhile eBoston, eMassachusetts, nomnye owayeseKhanada babesebenzisana ukuvelisa uncwadi loMbutho ngeBraille. Ngowe-1924, kwiofisi eyayiseLogansport, eIndiana, uMbutho wawuvelisa iimpapasho ukuze kungenelwe iimfama. Noko ke, ngenxa yentsabelo encinane ngelo xesha, umsebenzi weBraille wayekwa ngowe-1936, yaye kwagxininiswa ekuncedeni iimfama ngokusebenzisa amacwecwe egramafoni nangokuzinyamekela ngokobuqu. Kamva, ngowe-1960, kwaphinda kwaveliswa uncwadi lweBraille—ngesi sihlandlo kwakuveliswa oluninzi, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe kwabakho intsabelo entle ngakumbi.

Ukuhlangabezana Nocelomngeni Lwentshutshiso Eqatha

Kumazwe aliqela, kwakushicilelwa nangona kwakujanyelwana neemeko ezinzima gqitha. Kodwa abazalwana bethu bazingisa, beqonda ukuba ukuvakalisa iindaba ezilungileyo zoBukumkani kwakungumsebenzi uYehova uThixo, ngoNyana wakhe, awayalela ukuba wenziwe. (Isa. 61:1, 2; Marko 13:10) Ngokomzekelo, eGrisi, ngowe-1936 abazalwana bakha umzi-mveliso wabo wokushicilela baza bawusebenzisa kangangeenyanga ezimbalwa xa kwangena omnye urhulumente baza abasemagunyeni bawuvala umzi-mveliso wabo. Ngokufanayo, eIndiya, ngowe-1940, uClaude Goodman wasebenza kangangeenyanga edibanisa umatshini wokushicilela waza wafunda indlela yokuwusebenzisa, kodwa kungekudala emva koko kwafika amapolisa awayethunyelwe ngumlawuli wamaHindu, awukhwelisa elorini loo matshini, aza afumba onke amagama awayelungelelaniswe kakuhle ukwenzela ukushicelela kwiimigqomo emikhulu.

Kwezinye iindawo ezininzi, imithetho elawula uncwadi oluvela kwamanye amazwe yenza ukuba abazalwana banikezele lo msebenzi kubarhwebi abashicilelayo basekuhlaleni, nakubeni uMbutho wawunomzi-mveliso wokushicilela kwilizwe elikufutshane owawuxhotyiselwe ukwenza lo msebenzi. Oko kwakunjalo phakathi kwiminyaka yee-1930 kumazwe anjengeDenmark, iLatvia neHungary.

Ngowe-1933 urhulumente waseJamani, ephenjelelwa ngabefundisi, wawuvala umsebenzi wokushicilela wamaNgqina kaYehova eJamani. Amapolisa awuthabathela kuwo umzi-mveliso weWatch Tower Society eMagdeburg aza awuvala ngoAprili waloo nyaka, kodwa akazange afumane bungqina bokwaphula umthetho, ngoko awubuyisela. Sekunjalo, aphinda abuya ngoJuni. Ukuze uqhubeke nokusasaza isigidimi soBukumkani, uMbutho wakha umzi-mveliso wokushicilela ePrague, eCzechoslovakia, yaye izixhobo ezininzi zasiwa apho zivela eMagdeburg. Ngenxa yoku, kwaveliswa amaphephancwadi ngeelwimi ezimbini neencwadana ngeelwimi ezintandathu ebudeni beminyaka embalwa eyalandelayo.

Kwandula ke, ngowe-1939, imikhosi kaHitler yahlasela ePrague, ngoko abazalwana bakhawuleza bahlukanisa izixhobo zabo baza bazithumela ngaphandle kwelo lizwe. Ezinye zasiwa eNetherlands. Oko kwenziwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Kwakunzima ngakumbi ukuba abazalwana baseNetherlands banxibelelane nabaseSwitzerland. Ngoko baqesha indawo baza, ngoomatshini bokushicilela abasandul’ ukubafumana, bashicilela ngokwabo. Noke ke, oku kwaqhubeka kangangexesha elifutshane, ngaphambi kokuba loo mzi-mveliso uthinjwe ngamaNazi. Kodwa abazalwana bazisebenzisa ezo zixhobo kangangoko kwakunokwenzeka.

Xa isenzo senkohlakalo sabasemagunyeni eFinland sanyanzelisa ukuba kunqunyanyiswe ukupapashwa kweMboniselo ebudeni bemfazwe, abazalwana apho babekhuphela amanqaku ayintloko baze bawathumele ngabahambisi beencwadi. Emva kokuba iOstriya iwele phantsi kolawulo lwamaNazi ngowe-1938, IMboniselo yayishicilelwa kumatshini wokukhuphela ekwakufuneka usoloko ufuduselwa kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuze ungafunyanwa ngamaGestapo. Ngokufanayo, eKhanada ebudeni bexesha amaNgqina ayevalwe umlomo ngalo ngexesha lemfazwe, kwakufuneka azibeke kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo izixhobo zawo ukuze aqhubeke enikela ukutya kokomoya kubazalwana bawo.

EOstreliya ebudeni bexesha owawuvaliwe ngalo umsebenzi wamaNgqina kaYehova, abazalwana babeshicilela amaphephancwadi abo yaye babede bashicilele baze badibanise iincwadi—nto leyo ababengazange bayenze kwanaphantsi kweemeko ezintle ngakumbi. Kwafuneka bawufuduse umatshini wabo wokudibanisa iincwadi kangangezihlandlo ezili-16 ukuze ungathinjwa, kodwa bakwazi ukuvelisa iincwadi ezinoqweqwe olulukhuni ezingama-20 000 kuselithuba ukuze zikhululwe kwindibano eyaqhutywa ngowe-1941 phezu kwayo nje imiqobo eyayibonakala ingenakoyiswa!

Ukwandisa Emva KweMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Emva kokuphela kwemfazwe, amaNgqina kaYehova ahlanganisana kwindibano yezizwe ngezizwe eCleveland, eOhio, ngowe-1946. Apho uNathan H. Knorr, owayengumongameli weWatch Tower Society ngoko, wanikela intetho engokwakha kwakhona nokwandisa. Ukususela ekuqhambukeni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, inani lamaNgqina lalande ngaphezu kwe-157 ekhulwini, yaye abavangeli basemazweni babeqalisa umsebenzi ngokukhawuleza kumasimi amatsha. Ukuze kwaneliswe imfuneko yehlabathi lonke yoncwadi lweBhayibhile, uMzalwan’ uKnorr wachaza amalungiselelo okwandisa izakhiwo zekomkhulu lehlabathi. Ngenxa yokwandisa okwakucetywa, umzi-mveliso wawuza kuba nendawo enkulu ngokuphindwe kabini kunaleyo yayikho kwisakhiwo sokuqala sowe-1927, yaye kwakuza kwakhiwa iKhaya laseBheteli elandiswe kakhulu ukwenzela abasebenzi bokuzithandela. Ezi zakhiwo zandisiweyo zagqitywa zaza zasetyenziswa ekuqaleni kowe-1950.

Kuye kwafuneka ukuba izakhiwo zomzi-mveliso nezeeofisi kwikomkhulu lehlabathi eBrooklyn zandiswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukususela kowe-1950. Ngowe-1992 bezigubungela ummandla ophakathi kwezitrato ezisibhozo yaye bezigubungela indawo engangezikwemitha ezingama-230 071. Ezi asizozakhiwo nje zokwenza iincwadi kuphela. Zinikezelwe kuYehova, ukuze zisetyenziselwe ukuvelisa uncwadi olwenzelwe ukufundisa abantu ngeemfuneko zakhe zobomi.

Kweminye imimandla kwakunzima ukuqalisa kwakhona umsebenzi woMbutho wokushicilela emva kwemfazwe yehlabathi yesibini. Isakhiwo soMbutho somzi-mveliso neseeofisi eMagdeburg, eJamani, sasikummandla olawulwa ngamaKomanisi. AmaNgqina aseJamani abuyela kuso, kodwa asebenza ixesha elifutshane ngaphambi kokuba siphinde sithinjwe. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemfuneko eyayiseNtshona Jamani, kwafuneka kwakhiwe umzi-mveliso wokushicilela apho. Kwakububutyobo ezixekweni ngenxa yeebhombhu ezagityiselwa apho. Noko ke, amaNgqina kungekudala afumana isakhiwo sokushicilela esincinane esasisetyenziswa ngamaNazi, eKarlsruhe. Ngowe-1948 ayenoomatshini ababini bokushicilela beflatbed ababesebenza imini nobusuku kwisakhiwo awayesifumene eWiesbaden. Kunyaka olandelayo asandisa isakhiwo saseWiesbaden aza afumana oomatshini bokushicilela abaninzi ngokuphindwe kane kunabo babekho ukuze ahlangabezane neentswelo zabavakalisi boBukumkani ababesanda ngokukhawuleza kuloo nxalenye yentsimi.

Xa uMbutho waqalisa kwakhona ukushicilela ngokukhululekileyo eGrisi ngowe-1946, kwakungenakuthenjelwa kumbane walapho. Maxa wambi wawucima kangangeeyure sihlandlo ngasinye. ENigeria ngowe-1977, abazalwana babejamelene nengxaki efanayo. De isebe laseNigeria lafumana umatshini walo wokuvelisa umbane, abasebenzi ababesebenza kumzi-mveliso babedla ngokubuyela emsebenzini nanini na, emini okanye ebusuku, xa umbane ubuyile. Ngenxa yomoya onjalo, abazange baphoswe yiyo nayiphi na inkupho yeMboniselo.

Emva kotyelelo lukaMzalwan’ uKnorr eMzantsi Afrika ngowe-1948, kwathengwa umhlaba e-Elandsfontein; yaye ekuqaleni kowe-1952, isebe lafudukela kumzi-mveliso omtsha apho—ongowokuqala ukwakhiwa nguMbutho eMzantsi Afrika. Besebenzisa umatshini omtsha wokushicilela weflatbed, baqalisa ukushicilela amaphephancwadi ngeelwimi ezisibhozo ezisetyenziswa eAfrika. Ngowe-1954 isebe laseSweden laxhotyiselwa ukushicilela amaphephancwadi alo kumatshini wokushicilela weflatbed, kwaza kwalandela isebe laseDenmark ngowe-1957.

Njengoko imfuneko yoncwadi yayisanda, kwalungiselelwa oomatshini berotary abashicilela ngesantya esiphezulu, okokuqala kwisebe elinye bandula banikelwa nakwamanye. IKhanada yafumana owayo wokuqala ngowe-1958; iNgilani, ngowe-1959. Ngowe-1975 iWatch Tower Society yayinoomatshini bokushicilela berotary abakhulu abangama-70 ababesebenza kwizakhiwo zayo zokushicilela ehlabathini lonke.

Inkqubo Yehlabathi Lonke Yokupapasha Inyaniso YeBhayibhile

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1960 nasemva koko, kwenziwa umgudu ngamxhelomnye ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi yokushicilela yeWatch Tower Society kwiindawo ezininzi. Inani lamaNgqina kaYehova lalisanda ngokukhawuleza. Kwakufuneka indawo yomzi-mveliso engakumbi ukuze kuveliswe uncwadi lweBhayibhile awayeza kulusebenzisa nolwaluza kusasazwa ebantwini. Kodwa umsebenzi wokwandisa eBrooklyn wawungakhawulezi ngenxa yokuba zazimbalwa iziza ezifumanekayo nangenxa yamanyathelo antsonkothileyo asemthethweni. Kwenziwa amalungiselo angakumbi okushicilela kwezinye iindawo.

Ngaloo ndlela, ngowe-1969 kwaqaliswa umsebenzi wokwenza iiplani zomzi-mveliso omtsha wokushicilela owawuza kwakhiwa kufutshane naseWallkill, eNew York, malunga neekhilomitha eli-150 kumntla-ntshona weBrooklyn. Oku kwakuza kwandisa izakhiwo zekomkhulu, yaye ekugqibeleni phantse onke amaphephancwadi IMboniselo noVukani! aseUnited States ayeza kushicilelwa eWallkill. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva kwakusenziwa iiplani zomzi-mveliso wesibini waseWallkill, lo wawuza kuba mkhulu ngakumbi kunowokuqala. Ngowe-1977 oomatshini bokushicilela berotary bohlobo lweletterpress apho babevelisa amaphephancwadi azizigidi ezili-18 ngenyanga. Ngowe-1992, bekusetyenziswa oomatshini beoffset bokushicilela abakhulu iMAN-Roland neHantscho (oomatshini beoffset aba-4 kunokusebenzisa iiletterpress ezili-15 zangaphambili), yaye bekuveliswa amaphephancwadi angaphezu kwesigidi ngosuku.

Xa kwaqaliswa amalungiselelo okwenza umsebenzi wokushicilela eWallkill, IMboniselo yayipapashwa eBrooklyn ngeelwimi ezingama-32 kwiilwimi ezingama-72 eyayipapashwa ngazo ngoko; uVukani! ngeelwimi ezili-14 kwezingama-26 owawupapashwa ngazo. Amaphephancwadi angama-60 ekhulwini kwawayeshicilelwa ehlabathini lonke ayeveliswa apho kwikomkhulu lehlabathi. Kwakuya kuba yingenelo ukuba umsebenzi omninzi wenziwe kumazwe angaphandle kweUnited States yaye wenziwe ngabazalwana bethu abalapho kunokuba wenziwe ziinkampani zorhwebo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba iingxaki zehlabathi zexesha elizayo okanye ukuphazamisa koorhulumente umsebenzi wamaNgqina kaYehova kwakunokuthintela umsebenzi kuwo nawuphi na ummandla emhlabeni, ukudla kokomoya okubalulekileyo kwakuya kuqhubeka kuveliswa.

Ngoko ngowe-1971, phantse kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambi kokuba umzi-mveliso wokuqala weWatch Tower waseWallkill uqalise ukusebenza, kwaqaliswa umsebenzi wokwakha umzi-mveliso omtsha wokushicilela omhle eNumazu, eJapan. Ukwanda kwabavakalisi boBukumkani ngokuphindwe ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezihlanu eJapan ebudeni beminyaka elishumi engaphambili kwabonisa ukuba kwakuza kufuneka uncwadi lweBhayibhile olungakumbi apho. Kwangaxeshanye, kwakusandiswa izakhiwo zesebe eBrazil. Kwakusenzeka into efanayo eMzantsi Afrika, apho kwakuveliswa uncwadi lweBhayibhile ngeelwimi zaseAfrika ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabini anesine. Kunyaka olandelayo, ngowe-1972, izakhiwo zokupapasha zoMbutho eOstreliya zandiswa ngokuphindwe kane, ngenjongo yokuvelisa inkupho nganye yeMboniselo noVukani! kuloo mmandla wehlabathi ngaphandle kokulibaziseka kwezinto ezithunyelweyo kangangexesha elide. Kwakhona kwakhiwa imizi-mveliso engakumbi eFransi nakwiiPhilippines.

Ekuqaleni kowe-1972, uN. H. Knorr nomveleli womzi-mveliso waseBrooklyn, uM. H. Larson, benza ukhenketho lamazwe ngamazwe ukuze bahlole umsebenzi owawusenziwa, ukuze balungelelanise imibandela ukwenzela ukuba ezi zakhiwo zisetyenziswe ngeyona ndlela ilungileyo nokuze bandlale isiseko solwando olungakumbi olwaluza kwenzeka. Utyelelo lwabo lwaluquka amazwe ali-16 eMzantsi Merika, eAfrika nakwiMpuma Ekude.

Kungekudala emva koko, isebe laseJapan lalivelisa amaphephancwadi ngesiJapan awayefuneka kuloo nxalenye yentsimi, kunokuba lixhomekeke kubarhwebi abashicilelayo. Kwangaloo nyaka, we-1972, isebe laseGhana laqalisa ukushicilela IMboniselo ngeelwimi zasekuhlaleni ezintathu, kunokulinda izinto ezithunyelweyo ezivela eUnited States naseNigeria. Ngokulandelayo, isebe elikwiiPhilippines laqalisa ukunyamekela umsebenzi wokulungiselela ukushicilela nokushicilelwa kweMboniselo noVukani! ngeelwimi zasekuhlaleni ezisibhozo (ngaphandle kokushicilela amaphephancwadi esiNgesi awayefuneka). Oku kwakulelinye inyathelo elikhulu lokwenza umsebenzi wokushicilela weWatch Tower kwezinye iindawo.

Ngasekupheleni kowe-1975, iWatch Tower Society yayipapasha uncwadi lweBhayibhile kwizakhiwo zayo kumazwe angama-23 asasazeke ehlabathini lonke—iincwadi kumazwe amathathu; iincwadana okanye amaphephancwadi kuwo onke loo mazwe angama-23. Kwamanye amazwe angama-25, uMbutho wawuvelisa izinto ezincinane kwizixhobo zawo.

Kwakhona uMbutho wawuqhubeka uvelisa iincwadi. Kwakudityaniswa iincwadi eSwitzerland naseJamani emva phayaa phakathi kwiminyaka yee-1920. Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ngowe-1948 abazalwana baseFinland baqalisa ukudibanisa iincwadi (ekuqaleni, ubukhulu becala oko babekwenza ngezandla) ukuze banyamekele ngokukodwa iintswelo zelo lizwe. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva isebe laseJamani kwakhona lalisebenzisa umatshini wokudibanisa iincwadi, yaye ekuhambeni kwexesha lenza umsebenzi wokudibanisa iincwadi owawusenziwa eSwitzerland.

Kwandula ke, ngowe-1967, unyaka ekwakukho amaNgqina angaphezu kwesigidi ehlabathini lonke nekwaqaliswa ngawo ukuveliswa kweencwadi ezilingene ipokotho ukuze azisebenzise kubulungiseleli bawo, imfuneko yolu hlobo loncwadi lweBhayibhile yaba nkulu. Kwiminyaka esithoba, oomatshini bokudibanisa iincwadi banda ngokuphindwe kathandathu eBrooklyn. Ngowe-1992 iWatch Tower Society ibinoomatshini bokudibanisa iincwadi abangama-28 abebesebenza kumazwe ahlukahlukeneyo asibhozo.

Kwangaloo nyaka, ngowe-1992, iWatch Tower Society ibingashicileli nje kuphela uncwadi lweBhayibhile ngeelwimi ezili-180 eUnited States kodwa imizi-mveliso yayo yokushicilela emikhulu ekuMbindi noMzantsi Merika ibinikela uncwadi olungakumbi olufunekayo ekuhlaleni nakwamanye amazwe kuloo mmandla wehlabathi. Imizi-mveliso yokushicilela elishumi elinanye engakumbi ibivelisa uncwadi eYurophu, yaye yonke ibinceda ekwaneliseni iimfuno zoncwadi zamanye amazwe. Kule mizi-mveliso, owaseFransi ubunikela uncwadi rhoqo kumazwe ali-14, yaye owaseJamani, ubushicilela ngeelwimi ezingaphezu kwama-40, ubuthumela izixa ezikhulu kumazwe angama-20 nezixa ezincinane kwamanye amazwe amaninzi. EAfrika, imizi-mveliso yokushicilela emithandathu yeWatch Tower ibivelisa uncwadi lweBhayibhile ngeelwimi ezingama-46. Eminye imizi-mveliso yokushicilela eli-11—emikhulu, nemincinane—ibithumela kuMbindi Mpuma nakwiMpuma Ekude, kwiziqithi zePasifiki, eKhanada nakweminye imimandla uncwadi ukuze lusetyenziswe ekusasazeni isigidimi esingxamisekileyo esingoBukumkani bukaThixo. Kwanakwamanye amazwe angama-27, uMbutho ubushicilela izinto ezincinane ezifunekayo emabandleni ukuze asebenze ngokutyibilikayo.

Iindlela Ezintsha, Izixhobo Ezitsha

Ebudeni beminyaka yee-1960 neyee-1970, kwenzeka iinguqulelo kwishishini lokushicilela. Ngesantya esimangalisayo, uhlobo lokushicilela lweletterpress lwaluyekwa ibe kwakusetyenziswa uhlobo lweoffset.d IWatch Tower Society ayizange iguqukele ngokukhawuleza kwiindlela ezintsha zokushicilela. Iipleyiti zokushicilela ezazifumaneka zoomatshini bokushicilela bohlobo lweoffset zazingakulungelanga ukushicilela izixa ezikhulu uMbutho owawuzifuna kuncwadi lwawo. Ngokungakumbi, inguqulelo elolu hlobo yayiya kufuna iindlela ezintsha ngokupheleleyo zokwenza umsebenzi wokulungiselela ukushicilela. Kwakuza kufuneka oomatshini bokushicilela abatsha. Kwakuza kufuneka kufundwe ubugcisa obutsha. Phantse zonke izixhobo zokushicilela ezazikwimizi-mveliso yoMbutho kwakuza kufuneka zisuswe kufakwe ezinye. Iindleko zaziza kuba nkulu.

Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha kwabonakala ukuba izinto zokuxhasa uhlobo lokushicilela lweletterpress zazingayi kuqhubeka zifumaneka ithuba elide. Ixesha elalithatyathwa ziipleyiti zokushicilela zeoffset laliphucula ngokukhawuleza. Kwakufuneka kwenziwe inguqulelo.

Kwangowe-1972, ngenxa yokuba nomdla wokwenene kuhlobo lokushicilela lweoffset, amalungu amathathu entsapho yaseBheteli eMzantsi Afrika athenga umatshini wokushicilela owawusele usetyenzisiwe oyisheetfed offset. Kwafunyanwa amava ngokwenza imisetyenzana yokushicilela kuwo. Kwaza, ngowe-1974, loo matshini wasetyenziselwa ukushicilela incwadi elingene ipokotho ethi INyaniso eKhokelela kuBomi obungunaPhakade, ngolwimi lwesiRonga. Ukwazi kwabo ukwenza oko ngokukhawuleza kwenza ukuba kudluliselwe imfundiso yeBhayibhile exabisekileyo kumawaka abantu abalambele inyaniso ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi wamaNgqina kaYehova uphinde uvalwe kummandla ababehlala kuwo abo bantu. Omnye umatshini wokushicilela oyisheetfed offset, owawunikwe isebe loMbutho laseMzantsi Afrika kungekudala emva kokuba abazalwana bethu bethenge owokuqala, wathunyelwa eZambia waza wasetyenziswa apho.

Kwakhona umzi-mveliso woMbutho eJamani waqalisa ukusebenzisa uhlobo lokushicilela lweoffset. NgoAprili 1975 abazalwana balapho baqalisa ukusebenzisa umatshini wokushicilela oyisheetfed ukushicilela amaphephancwadi ngephepha leBhayibhile besenzela amaNgqina kaYehova aseMpuma Jamani, apho amaNgqina ayevalwe umlomo khona ngoko. Kunyaka olandelayo, oku kwalandelwa kukuveliswa kweencwadi kuloo matshini ukwenzela abo bazalwana babetshutshiswa.

Malunga nelo xesha, ngowe-1975, iWatch Tower Society yaqalisa ukusebenzisa umatshini wayo wokushicilela oyiweb offset ukushicilela amaphephancwadi eArgentina. Noko ke, wasebenza ithuba elifutshane elingaphezu kancinane konyaka, ngaphambi kokuba urhulumente waseArgentina awuvale umsebenzi wamaNgqina aze awuvale nomzi-mveliso wawo wokushicilela. Kodwa umsebenzi wokushicilela ngohlobo lweoffset kwamanye amazwe waqhubeka usanda. Ekuqaleni kowe-1978, kumzi-mveliso wekomkhulu leWatch Tower Society eBrooklyn, eNew York, umatshini wokushicilela oyiweb offset waqalisa ukushicilela iincwadi ngemibala emithathu.e Kwangaloo nyaka kwathengwa umatshini wokushicilela wesibini. Sekunjalo, kwakufuneka izixhobo ezingakumbi ukuze kuhlangatyezwane naloo nguqulelo ngokupheleleyo.

IQumrhu Elilawulayo lalinentembelo yokuba uYehova wayeya kunikela nantoni na eyayifuneka ukuze kuphunyezwe umsebenzi afuna wenziwe. NgoAprili 1979 nangoJanuwari 1980, kwathunyelwa iileta kumabandla aseUnited States ezazicacisa le meko. Kwenziwa iminikelo—ekuqaleni yayisenziwa kancinane, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha kwakukho eyaneleyo ukuxhobisa yonke imizi-mveliso yeWatch Tower ukuba ishicilele ngohlobo lweoffset.

Ebudeni belo thuba, ukuze zisetyenziswe kakuhle izixhobo ezazikho nokuze kukhawuleziswe le nguqulelo, iWatch Tower Society yenza isivumelwano sokuba oomatshini bayo bokushicilela ababengabona batsha beMAN baguqulelwe ekubeni bashicilele ngohlobo lweoffset. Amazwe alishumi elinesibini anikwa aba matshini, kuquka amathandathu awayengazange ashicilele amaphephancwadi awo ekuhlaleni.

Ukushicilela Ngemibala Emine

Isebe laseFinland laba lelokuqala ukushicilela ngohlobo lweoffset inkupho nganye yamaphephancwadi alo ngemibala emine, laqalisa ngendlela elula ngeenkupho zikaJanuwari 1981 yaye ngokuqhubekayo lasebenzisa ubugcisa obuphuculiweyo. Ngokulandelayo, iJapan yashicilela incwadi ngemibala emine. Eminye imizi-mveliso yokushicilela yeWatch Tower iye yenza okufanayo zakuba zifumanekile izixhobo. Abanye oomatshini bokushicilela baye bathengwa baza bathunyelwa likomkhulu lehlabathi. Abanye baye bahlawulelwa ngamaNgqina kaYehova kwilizwe okuwo umzi-mveliso. Ukanti kwezinye iimeko, amaNgqina akwelinye ilizwe aye apha abazalwana bawo abakwelinye ilizwe izixhobo eziyimfuneko.

Ebudeni bexesha lasemva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ihlabathi liba nomdla gqitha kwinto eshicilelweyo enemifanekiso, yaye ukusetyenziswa kwemibala epheleleyo kwaba negalelo elikhulu ekwenzeni iimpapasho zibe nomtsalane ngakumbi. Oku kusetyenziswa kwemibala kuye kwenza uncwadi olushicilelweyo lwanomtsalane ngakumbi yaye ngoko ke kuye kwakhuthaza ukuba lufundwe. Kwiindawo ezininzi kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukusasazwa kweMboniselo noVukani! kwanda ngokuphawulekayo emva kokuba imbonakalo yazo iphuculwe ngaloo ndlela.

Ukuvelisa Iinkqubo Zekhompyutha Ezifanelekileyo

Ukuze kuxhaswe ukushicilela ngemibala emine, kwakufuneka ukuba kuveliswe inkqubo yekhompyutha yokulungiselela umbandela obhaliweyo ngaphambi kokuba ushicilelwe; yaye isigqibo sokwenza oko senziwa ngowe-1977. AmaNgqina awayeziingcali kule nkalo azinikela ukuba asebenze kwikomkhulu lehlabathi ukuze ancedise uMbutho ufikelele ezi mfuno ngokukhawuleza. (Kungekudala emva koku, ngowe-1979, iqela laseJapan ekugqibeleni elabandakanya amaNgqina angama-50 laqalisa ukusebenza kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha ezaziyimfuneko ngolwimi lwesiJapan.) Kwakusetyenziswa izixhobo zekhompyutha ezifumaneka kubarhwebi, yaye amaNgqina alungiselela iinkqubo zokwanelisa iimfuno zoMbutho kwicala lolwalathiso nasekushicileleni ngeelwimi ezininzi. Ukuze kulondolozwe umgangatho ophakamileyo nokuze kube lula ukwenza iinguqulelo eziyimfuneko, kwafuneka kwenziwe iinkqubo zekhompyutha ezikhethekileyo zokwenza umsebenzi wokulungiselela ukushicilela. Zazingekho iinkqubo zekhompyutha zezorhwebo zokwenza umsebenzi wokulungiselela ukushicilela ngeelwimi ezininzi kwezili-167 iWatch Tower Society eyayishicilela ngazo ngoko, ngoko kwafuneka ukuba amaNgqina azenzele ezawo.

Ngelo xesha ezorhwebo zazingaboni mathuba okwenza imali kwiilwimi ezazisetyenziswa ngabemi abambalwa okanye ngabantu abafumana imivuzo ephantsi gqitha, kodwa amaNgqina kaYehova anomdla kubomi babantu. Ngethuba elifutshane, iinkqubo zekhompyutha zokulungiselela oko kuza kushicilelwa awayezenzile zazisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa uncwadi ngeelwimi ezingaphezu kwama-90. Ngokuphathelele umsebenzi wawo iSeybold Report on Publishing Systems ehlonelwayo yathi: “Ekuphela kwento esinokuyenza kukuwancoma ngokukhalipha, ngokuthabatha inyathelo lokuqala nangokuba nengqiqo kwawo amaWatchtower. Bambalwa namhlanje abanamabhongo ngokwaneleyo okanye abakhaliphileyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba bangaqalisa ukwenza oko, ngokukodwa ukuba oko bakuqala ekuqaleni ngokupheleleyo.”—UMqulu 12, No. 1, kaSeptemba 13, 1982.

Umsebenzi wokushicilela nowokugcina izixhobo zisemgangathweni wawunokuba lula gqitha ukuba izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ehlabathini lonke zazisebenza ngendlela efana ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ngowe-1979 kwenziwa isigqibo sokuba iWatch Tower Society izenzele inkqubo yayo yokwenza umsebenzi wokulungiselela ukushicilela. Iqela elalisebenza kuyo kwakufuneka lizenzele izixhobo eziyintloko zekhompyutha, kunokuxhomekeka gqitha kwizixhobo zabarhwebi.

Ngaloo ndlela, ngowe-1979 iqela lamaNgqina kaYehova elalisebenza kwiiFama zeWatchtower, eWallkill, eNew York, laqalisa ukuyila nokwenza iMultilanguage Electronic Phototypesetting System (MEPS). NgoMeyi 1986 eli qela elalisebenza kule nkqubo lalingayilanga laza lenza nje kuphela iikhompyutha zeMEPS, oomatshini bokulungiselela oko kuza kushicilelwa neekhompyutha zokulungelelanisa imihlathi yombandela obhaliweyo kodwa, okubaluleke ngakumbi, lalenze neenkqubo zekhompyutha (software) ezazifuneka ukulungiselela ukuba umbandela upapashwe ngeelwiimi ezili-186.

Ukuveliswa kwezi nkqubo zekhompyutha kwalungelelaniswa nomsebenzi omkhulu wokufaka oonobumba abahlukahlukeneyo kwikhompyutha. Oku kwakufuna ukuba kufundisiswe iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zolwimi ngalunye. Kwafuneka kuzotywe unobumba ngamnye kulwimi oluthile (ngokomzekelo, kuzotywe unobumba ngamnye abe ngomkhulu aphinde azotywe engomncinane, neempawu ezibonisa isandi sonobumba neziphumlisi—bonke babhalwe ngobukhulu obahlukahlukeneyo), azotywe ngokwahlukileyo kuhlobo ngalunye abhalwe ngalo (njengokubhala ngendlela eqhelekileyo, ukubhala bukekela, ngokungqindilili nangokungqindilili ngakumbi), abhalwe nangeendlela zokubhala ezahlukeneyo eziliqela. Kwindlela eqhelekileyo ekubhalwa ngayo kwakufuneka oonobumba abangama-202. Ngoko ke, kwiindlela eziqhelekileyo ekubhalwa ngazo ezingama-369 kuye kwafuneka oonobumba abangama-74 538. Ukulungiselela iindlela zokubhala isiTshayina kwafuna ukuba kuzotywe oonobumba abangama-8 364 kwindlela nganye, nabanye oonobumba abangakumbi ababeza kongezelelwa kamva.

Emva kokuba aba nobumba bezotyiwe, kwenziwa iinkqubo zekhompyutha ezaziza kwenza iikhompyutha zikwazi ukubhala aba nobumba ngendlela ecocekileyo necacileyo. Ezi nkqubo zekhompyutha kwakufuneka zikwazi ukusebenza kungekuphela nje ngonoobumba besiRoma kodwa nangabesiBengali, isiCambodia, isiCyrillic, isiGrike, isiHindi, isiKorea nangesiArabhu nesiHebhere (zombini ezifundwa ukusuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo) ngesiJapan nesiTshayina (ezingasebenzisi iialfabethi). Ngowe-1992 bekukho iinkqubo zekhompyutha zokulungiselela umbandela ngeelwimi ezingaphezu kwama-200, yaye bekusenziwa amalungiselelo ezinye iilwimi ezisetyenziswa zizigidi zabantu.

Ukuqaliswa kwezi nguqulelo kumasebe kwabangela ukuba kusetyenziswe iindlela ezintsha kuze kufundwe ubugcisa obutsha. Kwathunyelwa abasebenzi kwikomkhulu lehlabathi ukuba baye kufunda indlela yokudibanisa, yokusebenzisa oomatshini bokushicilela abakhulu beweb offset nokubagcina besemgangathweni. Abanye bafundiswa umsebenzi wokwahlukanisa imibala ngomatshini wokufota (laser scanner). Abasebenzi abangakumbi baqeqeshelwa ukusebenzisa nokulondoloza izixhobo zekhompyutha. Ngaloo ndlela, iingxaki zokuvelisa uncwadi ezazinokuvela naphi na ehlabathini zazinokuconjululwa ngokukhawuleza ukuze umsebenzi uqhubeke uhambela phambili.

IQumrhu Elilawulayo labona ukuba ukuba amaNgqina kaYehova ehlabathini lonke ayenokufundisisa umbandela ofanayo kwiintlanganiso zawo veki nganye aze asasaze uncwadi olufanayo kubulungiseleli basentsimini, oku kwakuya kuba nomphumo onamandla omanyanisayo. Ngaphambili, uncwadi olwalupapashwa ngesiNgesi ngokuqhelekileyo lwalungafumaneki ngezinye iilwimi de ubuncinane kube ziinyanga ezine kamva; kwiilwimi ezininzi yayiba ngunyaka, okanye kwakudla ngokuba yiminyaka, kamva. Kodwa ngoku kwakunokwenziwa utshintsho. Ukuba nezixhobo ezisebenza ngendlela efana ngokupheleleyo kumasebe ashicilelayo kwakunguthunywashe obalulekileyo ekushicileleni uncwadi ngaxeshanye ngeelwimi ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngowe-1984, IMboniselo yayipapashwa ngaxeshanye ngeelwimi ezingama-20. Ngowe-1989, xa kwakusasazwa ebantwini isigidimi esinamandla esikwincwadi ethi ISityhilelo—Incopho Yaso Ezukileyo Isondele! kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa emva kokukhululwa kwayo, loo ncwadi yayifumaneka ngeelwimi ezingama-25. Ngowe-1992, ukupapashwa ngaxeshanye kweMboniselo bekwandile kuquka iilwimi ezingama-66, ezo zisetyenziswa yinxalenye enkulu yabemi behlabathi.

Ukususela ekuqalisweni kwenkqubo yeMEPS ngowe-1979, ishishini leekhompyutha liye lahambela phambili gqitha. Iikhompyutha ezinamandla ezinokusetyenziselwa izinto ezininzi ngoku zifumaneka ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kunezixhobo zangaphambili. Ukuze ihambisane neemfuno zomsebenzi wayo wokushicilela, iWatch Tower Society yagqiba kwelokuba isebenzise ezi khompyutha, neenkqubo zazo. Oku kwayikhawulezisa kakhulu inkqubo yokuvelisa uncwadi. Kwakhona kwenza ukuba kudluliselwe iingenelo zeenkqubo zekhompyutha zokupapasha kumasebe oMbutho angakumbi, yaye inani lamasebe azisebenzisayo landa ngokukhawuleza laya kutsho kuma-83. Ngowe-1992 iWatch Tower Society, ehlabathini lonke, ibineekhompyutha ezingama-3 800 ebezisebenzisa iinkqubo zayo zekhompyutha. Asingawo onke amasebe axhotyiselwe ukushicilela ngaloo ndlela, kodwa naliphi na isebe elinekhompyutha encinane neenkqubo zoMbutho zekhompyutha, nomatshini omncinane wokushicilela oko kubhalwe kwikhompyutha, liyakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wangaphambi kokushicilela kumaphecana, kumaphephancwadi, kwiincwadi nakuyo nantoni ekufuneka ishicilelwe.

Ukuxhaswa Ngokongezelelekileyo Kwabaguquleli Ngeekhompyutha

Ngaba kwakhona kwakunokusetyenziswa iikhompyutha ukuxhasa ngakumbi abo benza umsebenzi wokuguqulela? Abaguquleli beempapasho zeWatch Tower ngoku ubukhulu becala, umsebenzi wabo bawenza kwiikhompyutha. Abaninzi bakwiiofisi zamasebe zoMbutho. Abanye, abasenokuguqulela besekhaya nabenze umsebenzi wabo kangangeminyaka emininzi koomatshini bokuchwetheza okanye nangokubhala ngesandla, baye bancedwa ukuba bafunde ukuguqulela kwiindawo ekusetyenzwa kuzo ngeekhompyutha okanye kwiikhompyutha zelaptop (ezincinane ngokufanelekileyo) ezithengwe nguMbutho. Oko kuguqulelweyo kunokulungiswa ngokulula kwikhompyutha. Ukuba kuguqulelwa kwenye indawo kungekhona kwiofisi yesebe ekuza kushicilelwa kuyo, ekuphela kwento efunekayo kukuba umbandela ukhutshelwe kwidisc encinane nethambileyo ize ithunyelwe kwisebe elishicilelayo ukuze ilungiselelwe ukushicilelwa.

Ebudeni bowe-1989-90, njengoko kwakusenzeka iinguqulelo ngokukhawuleza koorhulumente kumazwe amaninzi, unxibelelwano lwezizwe ngezizwe luye lwalula ngakumbi. Ngokukhawuleza, amaNgqina kaYehova enza intlanganiso yabaguquleli bawo abasuka eMpuma Yurophu. Le ntlanganiso yayenzelwe ukubanceda baphucule umgangatho womsebenzi wabo, ukuba bangenelwe kwizixhobo ezifumanekayo zekhompyutha, nokuba IMboniselo ipapashwe ngaxeshanye ngeelwimi zabo. Ukongezelela, abaguquleli abaseMzantsi-mpuma Asia bancedwa ngendlela efanayo.

Kodwa ngaba ikhompyutha yayinokusetyenziselwa ukukhawulezisa umsebenzi wokuguqulela okanye iphucule umgangatho wawo? Ewe. Ngowe-1989, amaNgqina kaYehova ayesebenzisa iikhompyutha ezinamandla ukuncedisa ekuguquleleni iBhayibhile. Emva komsebenzi omkhulu wokulungiselela, kwenziwa iifayile zekhompyutha ezaziya kwenza ukuba umguquleli ajonge kwikhompyutha naliphi na igama elinikelweyo lolwimi lwantlandlolo nengxelo yazo zonke iindlela eliye laguqulelwa ngazo esiNgesini kwiNew World Translation, ngokuvisisana nomongo. Kwakhona wayenokukhetha igama lesiNgesi eliyintloko aze ajonge amagama olwimi lwantlandlolo apho eli gama (namanye amagama anentsingiselo efanayo) livela khona. Oku ngokufuthi kwakutyhila ukuba iqela lamagama athile lalisetyenziswa esiNgesini ukudlulisela ingcamango equlethwe ligama elinye lolwimi lwantlandlolo. Oku kwakunokwenza ukuba umguquleli ayiqonde kakuhle into awayeyiguqulela. Kwakunokumnceda afumane ingcamango echanileyo yebinzana elisisiseko lolwimi lwantlandlolo nentsingiselo eyiyo efunwa ngumongo aze ngaloo ndlela ayiguqulele ngokuchanileyo ngolwimi lwakhe.

Besebenzisa ezi fayile zekhompyutha, abaguquleli abanamava babenokuhlolisisa zonke izihlandlo elivela ngazo igama elithile eBhayibhileni baze banikele amagama olwimi lwasekuhlaleni athetha into enye nalo kwisihlandlo ngasinye kwezi ngokuvisisana noko kufunwa ngumongo. Oku kwakunokuqinisekisa ukuba umbandela ungqinelana kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Umsebenzi womguquleli ngamnye wawudla ngokufundwa kwakhona ngabanye abasebenza kwiqela ukuze oko kuguqulelweyo kwenziwe ngophando nangamava abo bonke. Emva kokuba oku kwenziwe, ikhompyutha yayinokusetyenziselwa ukubonisa isicatshulwa esithile seSibhalo, ibonisa onke amagama kwindinyana yesiNgesi, inani elibhekisela koko kubonakala kulwimi lwantlandlolo, namagama akhethiweyo olwimi lwasekuhlaleni athetha into enye. Oku kwakungayi kuba kukuphela komsebenzi. Kwakuza kufuneka umguquleli ukuba alungise isivakalisi aze asenze sifundeke kakuhle ngolwimi lwakhe. Kodwa ngoxa esenza oku, kwakuya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo ukuyiqonda ngokucacileyo intsingiselo yesibhalo. Ukuze ancedwe, ngokukhawuleza ikhompyutha inokumbonisa onke amagqabaza apapashiweyo eWatch Tower kwindinyana yeBhayibhile okanye nakuliphi na ibinzana elikuyo.

Ngaloo ndlela ixesha lokuphanda lalinokugcinwa lilincinane, yaye umbandela unokwenziwa ungqinelane ngowona mlinganiselo uphakamileyo. Ngokwandiswa kwale nkqubo, kuthenjwa ukuba iimpapasho ezixabiseke ngakumbi zinokuveliswa ngokukhawuleza kwanangeelwimi ezinabaguquleli abambalwa. Ukusetyenziswa kwesi sixhobo ekuveliseni uncwadi lokuxhasa ukuvakaliswa kwesigidimi soBukumkani kuye kwabangela ukuba kupapashwe uncwadi oluninzi.

Ngaloo ndlela, njengamaKristu okuqala, namaNgqina kaYehova kumaxesha anamhlanje asebenzisa ezona ndlela zintsha ukuze asasaze iLizwi likaThixo. Ukuze afikelele abantu abaninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngeendaba ezilungileyo, akakhange aloyike ucelomngeni olutsha lokupapasha.

[Footnotes]

[Blurb on page 578]

“Masenze uvavanyo ngamalahle”

[Blurb on page 595]

Ukuxhobisa yonke imizi-mveliso yeWatch Tower ukuba ishicilele ngohlobo lwe-“offset”

[Blurb on page 596]

“Ekuphela kwento esinokuyenza kukuwancoma . . . amaWatchtower”

[Box/Pictures on page 581]

Ukulungelelanisa Amagama

Ekuqaleni oku kwakusenziwa ngezandla, kubekwa unobumba omnye ngexesha

EMzantsi Afrika

Ukususela ngowe-1920 ukusa kwiminyaka yee-1980, kwakusetyenziswa oomatshini beLinotype

EUnited States

Kwezinye iindawo ukulungelelaniswa kwamagama bekusenziwa ngezixhobo zeMonotype

EJapan

Ngoku kusetyenziswa inkqubo yekhompyutha ukulungelelanisa amagama

EJamani

[Box/Pictures on page 582]

Ukwenza Iipleyiti Zokushicilela

Ukususela kwiminyaka yee-1920 ukusa kweyee-1980, kwakusenziwa iipleyiti zokushicilela zelothe zohlobo lokushicilela lwe-“letterpress”

[Pictures]

1. Imigca yamagama alungelelanisiweyo ukwenzela amaphepha aza kushicilelwa yayibekwa kwiintsimbi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-“chase”

2. Xa ecinezelwa, amagama alu-ngelelanisiweyo ayenokuphumela kwinto eyayino-kusetyenziswa njengento ekukhutshelwa ngokusuka kuyo

3. Kwakugalelwa ilothe eshushu kwi-“mat” (okanye kwinto ekukhutshelwa ngokusuka kuyo) ukuze kwe-nziwe iipleyiti zentsimbi zokushicilela ezinamagama

4. Isinyithi esingafunwayo sasisuswa kule pleyiti yokushicilela

5. Iipleyiti zokushicilela zazigalelwa i-“nickel” ukuze zihlale ixesha elide

Kamva, ii-“negative” zamaphepha anamagama alungelelaniswe ngekho-mpyutha zazibekwa kwiindawo zazo, kuze kufakelwe imifanekiso kwiindawo zayo. Amaphepha ahamba kunye ayedluliselwa ngokufotwa kwiipleyiti ezithambileyo zokushicilela ngohlobo lwe-“offset”

[Box/Picture on page 585]

‘Ubungqina Bomoya KaYehova’

UCharles Fekel wathi: “Ukushicilelwa kweencwadi neeBhayibhile ngokuphumelelayo koomatshini bokushicilela be‘rotary’ ngabantu ababengenamava kangako okanye ababengenawo kwaphela [yaye ngexesha apho abanye babengekakwenzi oko] bubungqina bokuvelelwa nguYehova nokukhokelwa ngumoya wakhe.” UMzalwan’ uFekel wayekwazi kakuhle okwakubandakanyekile, kuba wayenesabelo ekuqalisweni komsebenzi wokushicilela kwikomkhulu loMbutho ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane. Kwiminyaka yakhe yokugqibela, wakhonza njengelungu leQumrhu Elilawulayo.

[Picture]

UCharles Fekel

[Box/Picture on page 586]

Ukukholosa NgoThixo USomandla

Amava awabaliswa nguHugo Riemer, owayesakuba ngumthengi wezinto zeWatch Tower Society, abonisa indlela iWatch Tower Society ewenza ngayo umsebenzi wayo.

Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, amaphepha okushicilela ayefumaneka ngezixa ezilinganiselweyo eUnited States. Izicelo zokuwafumana kwakufuneka zenziwe kwikomiti emiselwe ngurhulumente. Ngesinye isihlandlo omnye wemibutho yeBhayibhile eyaziwayo wawunamagqwetha, amadoda anamashishini amakhulu, abashumayeli nabanye ababelapho beyokuwumela phambi kwalo komiti. Bavunyelwa ukuba bafumane isixa esincinane kakhulu kuneso babesifuna. Emva kokuba isicelo sayo siqwalaselwe, ikomiti yabiza iWatchtower Bible and Tract Society. Xa uHugo Riemer noMax Larson baya ngaphambili, usihlalo wabuza oku: “Nini nobabini kuphela?” Impendulo yaba yile: “Ewe. Sinethemba lokuba uThixo uSomandla ukunye nathi.” Banikwa sonke isixa ababesifuna.

[Picture]

UHugo Riemer

[Box/Pictures on page 587]

Oomatshini Bokushicilela

IWatch Tower Society iye yasebenzisa oomatshini bokushicilela abahlukahlukeneyo abaninzi kwimisebenzi yayo yokushicilela

[Pictures]

Kangangeminyaka emininzi bekusetyenziswa oomatshini bokushicilela be-“flatbed” abaninzi abahlukahlukeneyo (eJamani)

Oomatshini bokushicilela be-“job” baye basetyenziselwa ukushicilela kungekuphela nje iifomu nezimemo kodwa kwanamaphephancwadi (eUnited States)

Kwimizi-mveliso yayo yokushicilela eyahlu- kahlukeneyo, kwakusetyenziswa aba ma- tshi-ni bokushicilela abanga- ma-58 ababevela eJamani be-“rotary” abashicile- la ngohlobo lwe- “letterpress” beMAN (eKhanada)

Ngoku, kwimizi-mveliso yawo yokushicilela ephambili uMbutho usebenzisa oomatshini abashicilela ngesantya esiphezulu nangemibala epheleleyo be-“web offset” abenziwe kumazwe ahlukahlukeneyo

EItali

EJamani

[Pictures on page 588, 589]

Ukudibanisa Iincwadi

Omnye umsebenzi wokudibanisa iincwadi kudala kwimizi-mveliso yeWatch Tower wawusenziwa ngezandla (eSwitzerland)

Ukuveliswa kwezinto ngamanani amakhulu eUnited States kwakufuna ukuba kwenziwe imisebenzi emininzi ngokwahlukeneyo

1. Ukuqokelela amaphepha encwadi

2. Ukuwathunga

3. Ukuncamathelisa amaphepha okugqibela

4. Ukuwasika

5. Ukuhombisa amaqweqwe

6. Ukufaka amaqweqwe ezincwadini

7. Ukucinezela iincwadi de intlama yokuzincamathelisa yome

Ngoku, kunokuthunga, ngokufuthi zidityaniswa ngoomatshini, yaye oomatshini abanesantya esiphezulu basenokudibanisa iincwadi ezingama-20 000 okanye ezingakumbi ngosuku umnye

[Box/Pictures on page 594]

Ukuhambisela Phambili Ulwazi NgoBukumkani BukaThixo

IWatch Tower Society ngamaxesha ahlukahlukeneyo iye yavelisa uncwadi ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo ezingaphezu kwama-290. Ngowe-1992 ibipapasha uncwadi ngeelwimi ezimalunga nama-210. Konke oku bekusenziwa ukuze kuncedwe abantu bazi ngoBukumkani bukaThixo noko bukuthethayo kubo. Phakathi kweencwadi zawo eziluncedo kufundisiso lweBhayibhile eziye zasasazwa ngokubanzi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku zezi zilandelayo:

“INyaniso eKhokelela kuBomi obungunaPhakade” (1968; ngesiNgesi): imibhalo eli-107 553 888, ngeelwimi ezili-117

“Unokuphila Ngonaphakade KwiParadisi Esemhlabeni” (1982): imibhalo engama-62 428 231, ngeelwimi ezili-115

“Bunandiphe Ubomi Emhlabeni Ngonaphakade!” (1982): imibhalo engama-76 203 646, ngeelwimi ezingama-200

Amanani adweliswe ngasentla ngawowe-1992.

[Box/Pictures on page 598]

Iikhasethi Ezirekhodiweyo

Ukongezelela ekusebenziseni uncwadi olushici- lelweyo kumsebenzi wayo wokuhambisa ivangeli, ukususela ngowe-1978 iWatch Tower Society iye yavelisa iikhasethi—ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-65 kwizixhobo zayo eUnited States naseJamani.

Iyonke i-“New World Translation” iikwikhasethi ngesiFrentshi, ngesiJamani, ngesiJapan, ngesiNgesi, ngeSpanish nangesiTaliyane. Ngowe-1992 izixa ezahlukeneyo zale nguqulelo yeBhayibhile bezikwafumaneka kwiikhasethi ezirekhodiweyo ngezinye iilwimi ezisibhozo.

Njengoncedo ekufundiseni abantwana abancinane, kuye kwarekhodwa iikhasethi zencwadi ethi “Incwadi Yam Yamabali EBhayibhile” nethi “Ukuphulaphula kuMfundisi Omkhulu,” iimpapasho ezenzelwe abantwana ngokukhethekileyo.

Ukongezelela, kwamanye amazwe iikhasethi ziveliswa ukuze zisetyenziswe kusasazo lukanomathotholo.

Iikhasethi zeengoma ziveliswa liqela leokhestra elibunjwe ngamaNgqina. Ezi khasethi zisetyenziselwa ukuba kuhanjiswane nazo xa kuculwa kwiindibano zamaNgqina kaYehova. Iingoma ezimnandi ezidlalwa yiokhestra zalo mculo nazo ziyafumaneka ukuze ziphulaphulwe ekhaya.

Imidlalo erekhodiweyo (eyezi mini neeyeengxelo zeBhayibhile) iyasetyenziswa kwiindibano, apho abadlali abangamaNgqina benceda abaphulaphuli ukuba babe nomfanekiso ngqondweni weziganeko. Kamva eminye isetyenziswa ekuzonwabiseni kwentsapho okufundisayo nokunandiphekayo.

Iphephanwadi “IMboniselo” no-“Vukani!” lifumaneka kwiikhasethi ngesiNgesi nangesiFinnish. Kwakhona, “IMboniselo” iyafumaneka ngesiFrentshi, ngesiJamani, ngesiDanish, ngesiNorway nangolwimi lwaseSweden. Ekuqaleni zazicetyelwe abantu abangaboni kakuhle, ezi khasethi zixatyiswa ngamawaka amaninzi abanye.

[Picture]

UJ. E. Barr kwigumbi lokurekhoda

[Box/Pictures on page 600, 601]

Ukusebenzisa Iikhasethi Ze-“Video” Ekuvakaliseni UBukumkani

Ngowe-1990 iWatch Tower Society yaqalisa inkalo entsha ngokukhulula ikhasethi yayo ye-“video” yokuqala eyenzelwe ukuba isasazwe ebantwini.

Ngaloo nyaka kwakuqikelelwa ukuba malunga namakhaya angama-200 000 000 emhlabeni wonke ayenee-VCR (oomatshini be-“video”) ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kwanakumazwe ekwakungekho maziko kamabonwakude kuwo, ii-VCR zazisetyenziswa. Ngaloo ndlela, ukusetyenziswa kweekhasethi ze-“video” njengendlela yokufundisa kwaqalisa indlela entsha yokufikelela abaphulaphuli abakwiindawo ezininzi.

Kwangowe-1985, wawusele uqalisile umsebenzi wokubonisa i-“video” eyayenzelwe ukubonisa abo beza kwizakhiwo zawo eminye yemisebenzi eyenziwa kwikomkhulu loMbutho lehlabathi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwakhona ukuboniswa kwee-“video” kwangqineka kusonga ixesha ekugqithiseleni ulwazi kumalungu amatsha entsapho yaseBheteli. Ngaba le ndlela yokufundisa yayingasetyenziswa nangezinye iindlela ukuze incedise kumsebenzi womhlaba wonke wokwenza abafundi? Bambi abazalwana babekholelwa ukuba yayinokwenjenjalo.

Ngenxa yoko, ngo-Oktobha 1990, kwakhululwa ikhasethi ye-“video” ethi “Jehovah’s Witnesses—The Organization Behind the Name.” Intsabelo yayibalasele. Kwafunyanwa izicelo ezininzi zokuba kubekho ezininzi ezifana nayo. Ukuze kuzaliswe le mfuno, kwasekwa isebe elitsha elibizwa ngokuthi Video Services (ISebe Lee-“Video”).

AmaNgqina azingcali kule nkalo anikela uncedo ngovuyo. Kwafunyanwa izixhobo. Kwakhiwa amagumbi okurekhoda. Abasebenzi abafotayo baqalisa ukuya kumazwe ahlukahlukeneyo ukuze bafote abantu nezinto ezazinokusetyenziswa kwimiboniso ye-“video” eyenzelwe ukwakha ukholo. Iqela leokhestra lezizwe ngezizwe elibunjwe ngamaNgqina kuphela eliye lanceda ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwimisebenzi ekhethekileyo lenza umculo owawuza kuhambisana nemiboniso ye-“video.”

Kwenziwa amalungiselelo okufikelela amaqela elwiimi angakumbi. Phakathi kowe-1992, i-“video” ethi “Jehovah’s Witnesses—The Organization Behind the Name” ibithunyelwa ngeelwimi ezingaphezu kweshumi elinesibini. Iye yarekhodwa ngeelwimi ezingama-25, kuquka nezinye zaseMpuma Yurophu. Ukongezelela, bekusenziwa amalungiselelo okuyirekhoda ngesiMandarin nangesiCantonese ukwenzela abantu baseTshayina. Kwakhona uMbutho ubufumene imvume yokuphinda uvelise uze usasaze i-“video” engokugcina ingqibelelo kwentsapho engamaNgqina eJamani ebudeni bexesha lamaNazi, enomxholo othi “Purple Triangles.” Kwithuba leminyaka emibini, kuye kwaveliswa iikhasethi ze-“video” ezingaphezu kwesigidi ukuze zisetyenziswe ngamaNgqina kaYehova kubulungiseleli bawo.

Kuye kwanikelwa ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwiimfuno zabangevayo. Uhlelo oluthi “Jehovah’s Witnesses—The Organization Behind the Name” lwaveliswa Ngentetho Yezandla YaseMerika. Yaye kwenziwa uphando ngenjongo yokwenza ii-“video” eziya kufanela abantu abangevayo kwamanye amazwe.

Ngoxa kwakusenziwa oku, wawusele uqalisile umsebenzi wokuvelisa ungcelele oluya kunceda ukwakha ukholo kwincwadi esisiseko sokholo lwamaKristu, iBhayibhile. NgoSeptemba 1992, eyokuqala kolo ngcelele ethi “The Bible—Accurate History, Reliable Prophecy,” yagqitywa ngesiNgesi, yaye bekulungiselelwa uhlelo lwayo ngezinye iilwimi.

Iikhasethi ze-“video” aziluthabatheli indawo nangayiphi na indlela uncwadi olushicilelweyo okanye ukunikela ubungqina ngokobuqu. Iimpapasho zoMbutho ziyaqhubeka zinendima ebalulekileyo ekusasazeni iindaba ezilungileyo. Umsebenzi wamaNgqina kaYehova wendlu ngendlu useyimbalasane yobulungiseleli bawo esekelwe ngokuqinileyo eZibhalweni. Noko ke, ngoku iikhasethi ze-“video” zongezelela kwezi mpapasho njengezixhobo ezixabisekileyo zokuhlakulela ukholo kumadinga kaYehova axabisekileyo nokuvuselela uxabiso ngoko akwenzayo emhlabeni kumhla wethu.

[Pictures]

1. Emva kokuba kugqityiwe ngeyona nto kuthethwa ngayo, kuqaliswa ukufotwa nge-“video” njengoko kufundwa umbhalo

2. Kukhethwa imifanekiso ukuze kugqitywe ngendlela eya kulandelelana ngayo xa kuhlelwa kungasetyenziswa matshini uthile

3. Umculo weokhestra oye waqanjwa ngokukhethekileyo uyarekhodwa ukuze uhambisane nomboniso

4. Umculo nezandi ezisetyenzisiweyo udityaniswa nelizwi lombalisi nemifanekiso

5. Kuhlelwa okokugqibela izandi kunye nemifanekiso

[Pictures on page 576]

Ezi mpapasho zokuqala zazishicilelwa ziinkampani zorhwebo

[Picture on page 577]

UC. A. Wise wenza uvavanyo ukuze abone enoba aBafundi beBhayibhile babefanele baliseke eBrooklyn kwakhona kusini na ikomkhulu

[Pictures on page 579]

Umatshini wokushicilela wokuqala woMbutho we-“rotary” wasetyenziselwa ukushicilela imibhalo ezizi-4 000 000 ye-“Golden Age” No. 27 eyayithetha ngokuphandle

[Picture on page 580]

UR. J. Martin (ngasekunene), umveleli wokuqala womzi-mveliso waseBrooklyn woMbutho, ethetha noMzalwan’ uRutherford

[Picture on page 583]

Omnye wemizi-mveliso yokuqala yokushicilela yoMbutho eYurophu (eBern, eSwitzerland)

[Pictures on page 584]

EMagdeburg, eJamani, uMbutho waseka umzi-mveliso wokushicilela ebudeni beminyaka yee-1920

[Picture on page 590, 591]

E-Elandsfontein, eMzantsi Afrika (1972)

[Picture on page 590]

ENumazu, eJapan (1972)

[Picture on page 590]

EStrathfield, eOstreliya (1972)

[Picture on page 590]

ESão Paulo, eBrazil (1973)

[Picture on page 591]

ELagos, eNigeria (1974)

[Picture on page 591]

EWiesbaden, eJamani (1975)

[Picture on page 591]

EToronto, eKhanada (1975)

[Picture on page 597]

AmaNgqina aye enza umsebenzi omkhulu wokufaka oonobumba kwikhompyutha ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zawo zoncwadi lweBhayibhile ngeelwimi ezininzi (eBrooklyn, eNew York)

[Picture on page 599]

Iindawo ekusetyenzwa kuzo ngeekhompyutha ezinemibala zenza ukuba abazobi balungelelanise, bachuthe baze baphucule imifanekiso besebenzisa ikhompyutha

[Picture on page 602]

AmaNgqina kaYehova asebenzisa iikhompyutha ukuze akhawulezise aze aphucule umsebenzi wokuguqulela iBhayibhile (eKorea)