Uxolo—Ngaba Luza Kubakho Ngokupheliswa Kwezixhobo?
KWIMINYAKA emihlanu ngaphambi kokuba izizwe zigaxeleke kwimfazwe yesibini yehlabathi, uWinston Churchill wathi: “Kuyimpazamo enkulu ukunxulumanisa ukupheliswa kwezixhobo noxolo.” Wongezelela ngokuthi: “Niya kuthi nakuzuza uxolo nandule ke ukuphelisa izixhobo.”
Enjani yona intsumantsumane yento! Ngubani onokuzichanaba engozini yokuphelisa izixhobo zakhe ngaphandle kokuba kuqinisekwe ngokubakho koxolo? Kodwa lunokubakho njani uxolo lokwenene ngoxa kufunjwa izixhobo zemfazwe? Le yimeko abathe abezobupolitika abakwazi ukufumana isicombululo sayo.
UWinston Churchill wathetha loo mazwi ngowe-1934, emva kokuqukumbela kwakhe Ingqungquthela Yokupheliswa Kwezixhobo eyayichotshelwe luManyano Lwezizwe kwiminyaka nje emibini ngaphambi koko. Injongo yale ngqungquthela, ekwathabatha iminyaka eli-12 ukuyilungiselela, yayikukuthintela ukuliwa kwemfazwe kwakhona kwelaseYurophu. Kulo lonke ihlabathi abantu basayikhumbula ngokucacileyo imbubhiso eyoyikekayo yamajoni anokuba zizigidi ezisithoba ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi I, ukongezelela kwizigidi ezingakumbi ezenzakalayo nenani elikhulu labemi ababengenanxaxheba emfazweni elaba ziingxwelerha. Kanti, ukupheliswa kwezixhobo akuzange kuphumelele. Kutheni?
Imigudu Yokupheliswa Kwezixhobo
Inkqubo yokupheliswa kwezixhobo inokunyanzeliswa kodwa kungangenkankulu ukuba isebenze. Ngokomzekelo, phantsi kweSivumelwano Soxolo sowe-1919 saseVersailles, zapheliswa izixhobo kwelaseJamani laza “laqinisekiswa yaye kwavunyelwana kwelokuba izixhobo zelo lizwe ziya kuncitshiswa ukusa kowona mlinganiselo mncinane ukwenzela ukuba likwazi ukuzikhusela.” Oku kwakuvisisana nezindululo zomnye umongameli welaseUnited States uWoodrow Wilson, ezathi kamva zafakelwa kwiGatya Lomthetho 8 ongumnqophiso woManyano Lwezizwe. Kodwa kwathi uHitler akuqalisa ukulawula, wayichasa zisuka nje le nkqubo.
Ngaba iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zaphumelela ngokungakumbi ekumiseleni isiseko esiluqilima sokupheliswa kwezixhobo emva kwemfazwe yesibini yehlabathi? Nakanye, kodwa ukungaphumeleli kwazo kwakungathethi ukuba kwakungazange kwenziwe mgudu wakuzimisela. Noko ke, ukubakho kwezixhobo zenyukliya ezinokutshabalalisa inyambalala yabantu, kubangele ukuba ukupheliswa kwezixhobo kube yimbambano engxamiseke ngokugqithiseleyo. IThe New Encyclopœdia Britannica, ithi: “Isikhalazo sangaphambili sokuba ukhuphiswano lwezixhobo lwaluyilahleko ngokwezoqoqosho yaye lwalukhokelela kwimfazwe engaphephekiyo, sathatyathelw’ indawo yingxoxo yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya ngokobuninzi bazo kwixesha elizayo kusongela impucuko iyonke.”
IBhunga Lokupheliswa Kwezixhobo kumazwe ali-12 lamiselwa ngowe-1952 ukuze lidodobalise ukuvela kokhuphiswano lwezixhobo phakathi kwelaseMpuma nelaseNtshona. Eli bhunga lasilela lingekaqalisi nokuqalisa, yaye ekugqibeleni amagunya amakhulu amabini ayomeleza imikhosi yawo echaseneyo. De kube ngoku, kuye kwenziwa ezinye izivumelwano ezongezelelekileyo. Ukanti, umoya wokungathembani uye awakuvumela ukupheliswa okupheleleyo kwezixhobo zemfazwe. Oku, ngokutsho kweThe New Encyclopœdia Britannica, kuyinto “ekhuthazwa ngabo baneengcinga ezintle.”
Ukubala Iindleko
Zapheliswa okanye azapheliswa izixhobo—zingakanani iindleko ezibandakanyekileyo? Iindleko azisoloko zigqalwa ngokwemali. Imisebenzi yengqesho kwimizi-mveliso enxulumene nokwenziwa kwezixhobo nayo iyinto ebalulekileyo emelwe iqwalaselwe. Kumazwe amaninzi imali yerhafu isetyenziswa ekuthengeni izixhobo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukwenziwa kwazo kubangele ukubakho kwemisebenzi. Ngoko ukupheliswa kwezixhobo kusenokukhokelela ekupheleni komsebenzi kwabathile. Kungoko amazwe achitha imali yawo eninzi kwezokhuselo esuka angcangcazele akucinga ngokubhangiswa ngokupheleleyo kwezixhobo. Ingcinga enjalo iliphupha elibi kuwo kunokuba ibe yingcamango entle.
Kanti, asinakusityeshela isityhwentywe semali esichithelwe ekuxhaseni iimfazwe. Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-10 ekhulwini labo bonke ubuncwane bemveliso yehlabathi lichithelwa kwizixhobo. Yimali engakanani leyo? Amanani anjalo ayahluka ngenxa yokungazinzi kwezoqoqosho (inflation), kodwa khawucinge nje usebenzisa iiponti ezisisigidi (izigidi ezisisi-4,35 seerandi) ngolu hlobo ngomzuzu ngamnye wosuku! Ziziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo ebomini obuya kukhetha zona ukuba ubunemali engako esandleni sakho? Ngaba ubuya kubonelela amaxhoba endlala? Ngaba ibiya kuba kukunyamekela ezempilo? Ngaba ibiya kuba yimpilontle yabantwana? Ngaba ubuya kuhlaziya indalo? Kuninzi gqitha ebekunokwenziwa ngayo!
Ngokomzekelo, khawucinge ngocwangciso lwakutshanje olubhengezwe eRashiya, lokwenza “iitrekta endaweni yeenqwelo zemfazwe,” apho eminye imizi-mveliso yezixhobo iye yaguqulelwa ekubeni ivelise iintlobo ezingama-200 ‘ezixhobo eziphambili kwicandelo loshishino lwezolimo.’ Kutheni zifuneka ngokungxamisekileyo kangaka izixhobo ezinjalo zezolimo? Ngokutsho kweFarming News, yaseBritani, kungenxa yokuba “sisinye kwisithathu kuphela seziqhamo nemifuno elinywa kwiifama zikarhulumente esifikelela ebantwini, inkoliso iyekwa ukuba ibolele emasimini okanye iphelele kwiindawo ekuthuthelwa kuzo nalapho igcinwa khona.”
Kwananjengokuba kuncomeka ukuveliswa kweetrekta endaweni yeenqwelo zokulwa, nako oku kungundaba-mlonyeni kuba akuqhelekanga. Ngaphezu koko, umphumo woku ekuvelisweni kwezixhobo kukonke mncinane gqitha. Izigidi ezingenakubaleka zeeponti, iiruble, needola ziqhubeka zisetyenziswa kwizixhobo ehlabathini apho ‘abantu bafa kukoyika nakukulindela izinto ezilizelayo elimiweyo,’ kanye njengokuba uYesu Kristu waxela kwangaphambili. Lunokupheliswa njani uloyiko olunjalo? Ngaba ukubhangiswa ngokupheleleyo kwezixhobo kuya kuhlala kuliphupha nje? Ukuba akunjalo, yintoni efunekayo ukuze kwenzeke oko?—Luka 21:26.