Ukufaniswa ‘Komchasi-Mthetho’
“Uya kutyhilwa umchasi-mthetho, eya kuthi iNkosi uYesu imtshabalalise.”—2 TESALONIKA 2:8, “NW.”
1, 2. Kutheni le nto kubalulekile ukuba sifumanise ukuba ungubani umchasi-mthetho?
SIPHILA kwixesha lokuchaswa komthetho. Kukho kulo lonke ihlabathi. Kuyo yonke indawo abantu bayatyhwatyhwa kukoyika izikrelemnqa ezichas’ umthetho nesisongelo ezisibangelayo kuthi nakwimpahla yethu. Kanti, kukho uthile ochasa umthetho ngendlela eyenzakalisayo nobekwenza oku kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi. EBhayibhileni ubizwa ngokuthi ‘ngumchasi-mthetho.’
2 Kubalulekile ukuba sifumanise ukuba ungubani na lo mchasi-mthetho. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba uzimisele ukonakalisa ukuma kwethu okulungileyo noThixo kwanethemba lethu lobomi obungunaphakade. Uzimisele njani? Ngokusenza siyinikele umva inyaniso size sikholelwe kubuxoki endaweni yayo, ngaloo ndlela esityekisa ekunquleni uThixo “ngoMoya nangenyaniso.” (Yohane 4:23) Izenzo zalo mchasi-mthetho ziyidandalazisa elubala into yokuba umchasile uThixo neenjongo zakhe, kwanabantu bakhe abazinikeleyo.
3. IBhayibhile isilumkisa njani ngomchasi-mthetho?
3 IBhayibhile iyasichazela ngalo mchasi-mthetho kweyesi-2 yabaseTesalonika 2:3. Ephefumlelwe ngumoya kaThixo, umpostile uPawulos wabhala oku: “Makungabikho bani unilukuhlayo nangalunye uhlobo; ngokuba ayinakufika yona [imini kaYehova yokutshabalalisa le nkqubo ingendawo], lungakhanga lufike ulahlo [uwexuko, NW] kuqala, atyhileke umntu wesono [umchasi-mthetho, TE].” Apha uPawulos waprofeta ukuba uwexuko lwaluya kuvela kunye nomchasi-mthetho ngaphambi kokupheliswa kwale nkqubo. Enyanisweni, uPawulos wathi kwindinyana 7: “Kuba imfihlelo yokuchasana nomthetho iselisebenza.” Ngoko kwinkulungwane yokuqala, lo mchasi-mthetho wayesele eqalisile ukuzibonakalisa.
Imvelaphi Yomchasi-Mthetho
4. Ngubani owavelisa noxhasa lo mchasi-mthetho?
4 Ngubani owavelisa noxhasa lo mchasi-mthetho? UPawulos uyaphendula: “Ukufika [komchasi-mthetho, NW] kungokokusebenza kukaSathana, ngayo imisebenzi yonke yamandla, nemiqondiso, nezimanga zobuxoki, nangako ukulukuhla konke kokungalungisi kwabo batshabalalayo; ngenxa enokuba bengakwamkelanga ukuyithanda inyaniso, ukuze basindiswe.” (2 Tesalonika 2:9, 10) Ngoko uSathana unguyise nomzimasi womchasi-mthetho. Yaye kanye njengokuba uSathana emchasile uYehova, iinjongo Zakhe, nabantu Bakhe, ukwanjalo nalo mchasi-mthetho, enoba uyakuqonda oko okanye akakuqondi.
5. Liliphi ishwangushwa elilindelwe ngumchasi-mthetho nangabo bamlandelayo?
5 Abo basebenzisana nomchasi-mthetho baya kwehlelwa lishwangusha elifanayo nelakhe—intshabalalo: “Uya kutyhilwa umchasi-mthetho, eya kuthi iNkosi uYesu imtshabalalise . . . imbhangise ekubonakaleni kokufika kwayo.” (2 Tesalonika 2:8, NW) Elo xesha lokutshatyalaliswa komchasi-mthetho nabaxhasi bakhe (“abo batshabalalayo”) liza kufika ngokukhawuleza “ekutyhilekeni kweNkosi uYesu, ivela emazulwini inezithunywa zamandla ayo; inomlilo odangazelayo, ibaphindezela abangamaziyo uThixo, nabangazilulameliyo iindaba ezilungileyo zeNkosi yethu uYesu Kristu; bona abo baya kuva ukubethwa, intshabalalo engunaphakade ke leyo.”—2 Tesalonika 1:6-9.
6. Yiyiphi inkcazelo ebhekele phaya uPawulos ayinikelayo ngomchasi-mthetho?
6 UPawulos umchaza ngokubhekele phaya lo mchasi-mthetho esithi: “Lowo uchasayo, uziphakamisayo ngaphezu kwento yonke ekuthiwa nguThixo, nehlonelwayo, ngokokude azihlalise etempileni kaThixo, ezenza uThixo, ezibonisa ukuba unguThixo.” (2 Tesalonika 2:4) Ngoko uPawulos ulumkisa ngokuba uSathana owayeza kuvelisa umchasi-mthetho, unomgogwana ofuna ukunqulwa, owayeza kuwugagamela umthetho kaThixo.
Ukufaniswa Komchasi-Mthetho
7. Kutheni le nto sigqiba ngokuthi uPawulos wayengathethi ngomntu omnye, ibe umchasi-mthetho umela ntoni?
7 Ngaba uPawulos wayethetha ngomntu omnye? Akunjalo, kuba uthi lo “mchasi” wayebonakala ngomhla wakhe yena Pawulos yaye wayeza kuqhubeka ekho de uYehova amtshabalalise ekuphelisweni kwale nkqubo. Ngaloo ndlela, ubekho kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi. Ngokucacileyo, akakho umntu wokoqobo okhe waphila ixesha elide kangako. Ngoko ibinzana elithi “umchasi-mthetho” limele ukuba limela iqumrhu, okanye iqela, labantu.
8. Ngubani umchasi-mthetho, ibe ngabaphi abanye oothunywashe abenza ukuba sikwazi ukumfanisa?
8 Bangoobani aba bantu? Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba liqumrhu labefundisi beNgqobhoko abanekratshi nabanamabhongo, abathe kwiinkulungwane ezidluleyo bazibeka kwindawo ephezulu ngokungathi bangumthetho. Oku kunokubonwa kwisibakala sokuba kukho amawakawaka eenkonzo namahlelo awahlukeneyo eNgqobhoko, ngalinye linabefundisi balo, ukanti alwa kwaodwa ngenxa yokungqubana kweemfundiso zawo ezisisiseko okanye uqheliselo lwawo. Le ntlaba-zahlukane ibubungqina obucacileyo bokuba abawuthobeli umthetho kaThixo. Abanakuba bamiselwe nguThixo. (Thelekisa uMika 2:12; Marko 3:24; Roma 16:17; 1 Korinte 1:10.) Zonke ezi nkonzo zifana ngento yokuba azibambeleli ngokuqinileyo kwiimfundiso zeBhayibhile, yaye ziye zawutyeshela umthetho othi: “Ningazicingeli ngaphezu koko kubhaliweyo.”—1 Korinte 4:6; bona kwanoMateyu 15:3, 9, 14.
9. Ziziphi iinkolelo ezingezozazibhalo aye umchasi-mthetho wazimisela endaweni yeenyaniso zeBhayibhile?
9 Ngaloo ndlela, lo mchasi-mthetho ngumntu oyintlanganisela: abefundisi bonqulo lweNgqobhoko. Bonke, enoba ngoopopu, ngabefundisi, ngoobhishopu abakhulu, okanye abashumayeli bamaProtestanti, babekek’ ityala ngenxa yezono zonqulo lweNgqobhoko. Baye endaweni yeenyaniso zikaThixo bamkela ubuxoki bobuhedeni, befundisa iimfundiso ezisisiseko ezingezozazibhalo njengokungafi komphefumlo womntu, isihogo somlilo, indawo yentlambululo-miphefumlo noBathathu Emnye. Bafana neenkokeli zonqulo uYesu awathi kuzo: “Nina ningaboyihlo uMtyholi, neenkanuko zoyihlo niyathanda ukuzenza. . . . Ulixoki, noyise wawo.” (Yohane 8:44) Kwakhona uqheliselo lwabo lubabhenca njengabangenamthetho, kuba baba nenxaxheba kwimisebenzi evukela imithetho kaThixo. Kwabanjalo uYesu uthi: “Mkani kum, nina nenza okuchasene nomthetho.”—Mateyu 7:21-23.
Bayaziphakamisa
10. Umchasi-mthetho ube naluphi ulwalamano kunye nabalawuli bezobupolitika?
10 Imbali ibonisa ukuba abo bakwiqela lomchasi-mthetho baye babonakalisa ikratshi nokuzikhukhumalisa ngokokude ngokoqobo babe ngoozwilakhe kubalawuli behlabathi. Besithela ngemfundiso yabo esisiseko nengamampunge yokuba ‘ookumkani banelungelo elingokobuthixo,’ abefundisi baye bazibanga bengabalamleli phakathi kwabalawuli noThixo. Baye bamisela baze baguzula ookumkani nabalawuli, yaye baye bakwazi ukubangela ukuba inyambalala yabantu ixhase abalawuli okanye ibachase. Enyanisweni, baye bathetha amazwi afanayo nalawo athethwa ngababingeleli abakhulu bamaYuda abagatya uYesu besithi: “Asinakumkani ungenguye uKesare.” (Yohane 19:15) Kanti, uYesu wafundisa ngokucacileyo ukuba: “Ubukumkani bam asibubo obeli hlabathi.”—Yohane 18:36.
11. Abefundisi baziphakamise njani?
11 Ukuze luziphakamise ngakumbi kunabantu abaqhelekileyo, olu didi lomchasi-mthetho luye lwanxiba izambatho ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezidla ngokuba mnyama. Ngokungakumbi, luye lwazihombisa ngazo zonke iintlobo zezinxibo ezinobukhazikhazi zookumkani, nangezithsaba, iminqamlezo, neminqwazi emide yoobhishopu. (Thelekisa uMateyu 23:5, 6.) Kodwa uYesu nabalandeli bakhe babengenazo izambatho ezinjalo; babenxiba njengabantu abaqhelekileyo. Kwakhona abefundisi basebenzise kubo amagama anjengala “uTata,” “uPapa,” “uMfundisi,” “uBhishopu Omkhulu,” “Ohloniphekileyo,” nelithi “Obekekileyo,” magama lawo awongezelela ‘ekuziphakamiseni kwabo ngaphezu kwakhe wonke ubani.’ Kanti, uYesu wafundisa oku ngokubhekisele kumagama angokonqulo. “Ningabizi mntu ngokuba nguyihlo emhlabeni.” (Mateyu 23:9) Ngokufanayo uElihu, xa wayekhalimela abathuthuzeli abahanahanisayo bakaYobhi, wathi: “Mandingakhe ndikhethe buso bamntu; yaye andisayi kunika mntu amagama okumzukisa.”—Yobhi 32:21, NW.
12. UPawulos wathi abefundisi babekhonza bani ngokwenene?
12 Xa uPawulos emva phayaa ngomhla wakhe wathi umchasi-mthetho wayesele ewuqalisile umsebenzi wakhe, kwakhona wathi ngokubhekisele kwabo babonakalisa isimo sengqondo saloo mchasi-mthetho: “Kuba abo banjalo ngabapostile ababuxoki, ngabasebenzi abakhohlisayo, bezimilisa okwabapostile bakaKristu. Ke akummangaliso oko, kuba noSathana ngokwakhe uzimilisa okwesithunywa sokukhanya. Akunto inkulu ke ngoko, ukuba abalungiseleli bakhe bazimilise okwabalungiseleli bobulungisa; abasiphelo siya kuba ngokwemisebenzi yabo.”—2 Korinte 11:13-15.
Ukuvukelwa Konqulo Lokwenyaniso
13. Luyintoni uwexuko uPawulos awaluxela kwangaphambili?
13 UPawulos wathi lo mchasi-mthetho wayeza kuvela nowexuko. Enyanisweni, into yokuqala encedayo uPawulos ayisebenzisayo ekuchazeni olu didi lomchasi-mthetho yeyokuba “imini kaYehova [xa uYehova etshabalalisa le nkqubo ingendawo yezinto] . . . ayisayi kufika ngaphambi kokuba kufike uwexuko kuqala.” (2 Tesalonika 2:2, 3, NW) Kodwa ibinzana elithi “uwexuko” lithetha ukuthini? Ngokomongo wale ngcamango, alithethi nje ukuphambuka okanye ukunxaxha ngenxa yokuba buthathaka ngokomoya. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, igama lesiGrike elisetyenzisiweyo apha elalimela “uwexuko,” lalithetha “isiphako” okanye “ukreqo.” Iinguqulelo eziliqela ziliguqulela ngokuthi “imvukelo.” Uhlelo lukaWilliam Barclay luthi: “Loo mini ayinakufika de kubekho iMvukelo Enkulu.” IThe Jerusalem Bible ilubiza ngokuthi “luKreqo Olukhulu.” Ngako ke, ngokomongo woko uPawulos axubusha ngako; “uwexuko” luthetha ukukreqa kunqulo lokwenyaniso.
14. Uwexuko lwaqalisa nini ukubakho ngamandla?
14 Lwabakho njani olu wexuko, okanye le mvukelo? Kweyesi-2 yabaseTesalonika 2:6, uPawulos wabhala, ngokubhekisele kumhla wakhe, ‘ngento embambezelayo’ umchasi-mthetho. Yayiyintoni ke leyo? Yayingamandla abambezelayo abapostile. Ubukho babo, neziphiwo zabo zamandla abazinikwa ngomoya oyingcwele, zaluthintela uwexuko ukuba lungabi ngubhubhani. (IZenzo 2:1-4; 1 Korinte 12:28) Kodwa bathi nje bakufa abapostile, malunga nasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yokuqala, loo mandla athintelayo aphela.
Ukuvela Kodidi Lwabefundisi Olungekho Ngokwezibhalo
15. Liliphi ilungiselelo elamiselwa nguYesu kwibandla lamaKristu?
15 Ibandla elalisekwe nguYesu landa ebudeni benkulungwane yokuqala phantsi kolwalathiso lwabadala (abaveleli) nezicaka zolungiselelo. (Mateyu 20:25-27; 1 Timoti 3:1-13; Tito 1:5-9) Abo bantu babenyulwe ebandleni. Babengamadoda anolwazi natyekele kwizinto zokomoya awayengaqeqeshelwanga ngokukhethekileyo ezakwalizwi, kanye njengokuba noYesu wayengaqeqeshwanga ngolo hlobo. Enyanisweni, abachasi bakhe babuza oku: “Lo uyazi ngani na imfundo, engafundanga nje?” (Yohane 7:15) Yaye ngokubhekisele kubapostile, iinkokeli zonqulo zatsho okufanayo: “Ke kaloku, bakubona ukungafihlisi kuthetha koPetros noYohane, beqiqa nokuba ngabantu abangenamfundo, abangenakwazi, bamangaliswa; babaqonda ukuba babenaye uYesu.”—IZenzo 4:13.
16. Uwexuko lwakubangela njani ukutyeka kulungelelwaniso lwebandla olwamiselwa ngamaKristu enkulungwane yokuqala?
16 Noko ke, uwexuko lwangenisa iingcamango ezazifunyenwe kubefundisi bamaYuda yaye ekugqibeleni nezazifunyenwe kwinkqubo yaseRoma yonqulo lobuhedeni. Ekuhambeni kwexesha nanjengoko abantu babelutyeshela ukholo lokwenyaniso, kwaqalisa ukuvela udidi lwabefundisi olungelolwazibhalo. Upopu owayethweswe isithsaba waqalisa ukulawula kumbutho weekhardinale, nazo ezazinyulwe kumakhulu oobhishopu noobhishopu abakhulu, nabo ababenyuselwe besuka kwisikhundla sabefundisi abafumene uqeqesho kwisikolo sabo. Ngaloo ndlela, kungabanga thuba lide emva kwenkulungwane yokuqala, kwiNgqobhoko kwakhonya udidi lwabefundisi abangacacanga. Olu didi lwalungasekelwanga kubadala nezicaka zolungiselelo ezingamaKristu enkulungwane yokuqala kodwa lwalusekelwe kwiinkqubo zonqulo lobuhedeni.
17. Umchasi-mthetho waqala nini ngokukhethekileyo ukukhonya njengomlawuli?
17 Kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesithathu yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo, umndilili nje wamakholwa wawusele uthotyelwe kumgangatho wesibini wabantu abangengobefundisi. Umchasi-mthetho owexukileyo wazitsala ngokuthe ngcembe iintambo zokulawula. Wakhonya ngokupheleleyo ebudeni bolawulo lomlawuli waseRoma uConstantine, ingakumbi emva kweBhunga laseNicaea ngowama-325 C.E. Yandula ke iCawa noRhulumente zamanyana. Ngaloo ndlela, umchasi-mthetho—abefundisi beNgqobhoko—waba lungcelele olude lwabawexuki abaye bayileka kangangeenkulungwane nabaye bamvukela uThixo oyinyaniso, uYehova. Imithetho yabo nocwangciso abaye balulandela lolwabo buqu kungekhona olukaThixo.
Iimfundiso Zobuhedeni
18. Ziziphi iimfundiso ezinyelisayo zobuhedeni awathi umchasi-mthetho wazamkela?
18 Kwakhona ekuveleni kwakhe lo mchasi-mthetho wasebenzisa iimfundiso zobuhedeni. Ngokomzekelo, wasebenzisa uthixo onguBathathu Emnye oyinkohla nokwayimfihlelo endaweni yaLowo uthi: “NdinguYehova, lilo elo igama lam; andiluniki omnye uzuko lwam.” “NdinguYehova; akukho wumbi, akukho Thixo ungendim.” (Isaya 42:8; 45:5) Oku kutyeshela kwabo iinyaniso zikaThixo baze bamkele iingcamango zabantu, kwanezabahedeni, kwakhula de kongezelela unyeliso olungakumbi: ukuhlonelwa kukaMariya othobekileyo weBhayibhile ‘njengoMama kaThixo’ weNgqobhoko. Ngaloo ndlela, abantu abakhuthaza ezi mfundiso zobuxoki, udidi lwabefundisi, baye baludidi oluphambili ‘lomdiza’ owahlwayelwa nguSathana ezama ukuminxa imbewu elungileyo eyahlwayelwa nguKristu.—Mateyu 13:36-39.
19. INgqobhoko iye yaqhekeka njani ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, kodwa iye yagcina ntoni?
19 Njengoko kwathi kwabakho ukungavisisani kwaza kwavuleka nomsantsa, iNgqobhoko yaqhekeka yaba ziinkonzo namahlelo angamakhulukhulu. Kodwa inkonzo okanye ihlelo ngalinye elalisandul’ ukumiselwa, ngaphandle nje kwemeko ezimbalwa ezinomahluko, laliwugcina umsantsa walo phakathi kwabefundisi namarhamente. Ngaloo ndlela, lo mchasi-mthetho uye waqhubeka de kwangulo mhla. Ibe usaqhubeka eziphakamisa kunabantu abaqhelekileyo ngesambatho sakhe esikhethekileyo nangamagama akhe okumzukisa. Ngokucacileyo, uPawulos wayengazibaxi izinto xa wayesithi olo didi lomchasi-mthetho lwaluya kuzizukisa luze luziphakamise lube kwisikhundla esifana nesikaThixo.
Upopu
20. Enye incwadi yamaKatolika imchaza njani upopu?
20 Umzekelo wokuzizukisa okunjalo ngulowo wepopu yaseRoma. Isichazi-magama sabefundisi esabhalwa nguLucio Ferraris, nesapapashwa eItali, simchaza upopu “njengonendili okanye ubungangamsha kangangokuba angabi ngumntu oqhelekileyo kodwa, ngokungathi kunjalo, abe nguThixo noMmeli kaThixo.” Isithsaba sakhe sisithsaba esintlu-ntathu “njengokumkani wezulu, womhlaba, nowesihogo.” Kwaesi sichazi-magama sihlabela mgama sisithi: “UPopu, ngokungathi kunjalo, unguThixo emhlabeni, ungokuphela komthetheli othembekileyo kaKristu, ungukumkani omkhulu wookumkani.” Songezelela ngelithi: “Upopu unako maxa wambi ukuwugatya umthetho kaThixo.” Kwakhona, iThe New Catholic Dictionary ithi ngopopu: “Oonozakuzaku bakhe baphakamile kwamanye amalungu oonozakuzaku baseburhulumenteni.”
21. Thelekisa izenzo zikapopu kunye nezo zikaPetros nesithunywa sezulu.
21 Ngokungafaniyo nabafundi bakaYesu, ngokufuthi upopu unxiba isambatho esimbejembeje aze amkele ukuzukiswa ngabantu. Upopu uyabavumela abantu ukuba baqubude kuye, bancamise umsesane wakhe, baze bamhlalise kwisihlalo esikhethekileyo bamthwale ngaso emagxeni abo. Enjani yona indlela abaye babonakala bengoongantweni ngayo oopopu kwiinkulungwane ezidluleyo! Ngokwenene baye bahluka kuPetros othobekileyo noqhelekileyo, owathi kuKorneli, igosa elingumRoma elaguqa ezinyaweni zikaPetros ukuze liqubude kuye: “Phakama; nam ngokwam ndingumntu”! (IZenzo 10:25, 26) Ibe onjani wona umahluko kwisithunywa sezulu esanikela iSityhilelo kumpostile uYohane! UYohane wazama ukuqubuda kweso sithunywa sezulu esinqula, kodwa sasuka sona samkhalimela sathi: “Lumka, ungenjenjalo; kuba ndingumkhonzi kunye nawe, nabazalwana bakho abaprofeti, nabo bawagcinayo amazwi ale ncwadi; qubuda kuThixo.”—ISityhilelo 22:8, 9.
22. Umchasi-mthetho unokufaniswa ngokusebenzisa wuphi umgaqo ongokweZibhalo?
22 Ngaba apha siluhlabe amadlala ngokubaxiweyo udidi lwabefundisi? Oku sinokukuqonda ngokusebenzisa umgaqo uYesu awawunikelayo wokufanisa abaprofeti bobuxoki: “Nobaqonda ngeziqhamo zabo.” (Mateyu 7:15, 16) Ngoko ke, sibe yintoni isiqhamo sabefundisi kwiinkulungwane ezidluleyo nakule nkulungwane yethu yama-20? Yintoni eya kwehlela lo mchasi-mthetho, ibe ngoobani abanye abaya kuchatshazelwa koko kuya kumehlela? Abo bamoyika ngokwenyaniso uThixo banayiphi imbopheleleko ngokubhekisele kulo mchasi-mthetho? Amanqaku alandelayo aza kuxubusha ngezi ngongoma.
Imibuzo Yempinda:
◻ Ngubani umchasi-mthetho, yaye wabonakala nini?
◻ IBhayibhile imchaza njani umsunguli wolu didi lomchasi-mthetho?
◻ Abefundisi baziphakamise njani kunabantu?
◻ Ziziphi iimfundiso noqheliselo lowexuko oluye lwaveliswa ngabefundisi?
◻ Isimo sengqondo soopopu sahluke njani kweso sikaPetros nesesithunywa sezulu?
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 14]
Umpostile uPetros, ngokungafaniyo noopopu, akazange avume ukunqulwa ngumntu