Ukuxhaphaka Kweendaba Ezimbi
NGABA ukhe waphawula ukuba umxholo wephephandaba oneendaba ezimbi uxhokonxa umdla womfundi ngaphezu koneendaba ezimnandi? Enoba ngumxholo wephephandaba ochaza ngentlekele yemvelo okanye yintlebendwane evuselela umdla ekwiphepha elingaphandle lephephancwadi elisemgangathweni, kubonakala ngathi iindaba ezimbi zithengwa kakhulu kuneendaba ezimnandi.
Namhlanje iindaba ezimbi zixhaphakile. Kodwa maxa wambi ubani uye azibuze enoba iintatheli ziqeqeshelwe ukuba zifune zize ziveze elubala iindaba ezimbi—zizikhuphela ecaleni naziphi na iindaba ezimnandi.
Bezixhaphakile Ukutyhubela Imbali
Enyanisweni, iindaba ezimbi bezixhaphakile ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, zizidlula lee iindaba ezimnandi. Iingxelo zembali, zityekele kwicala lokubandezeleka, ukuphoxeka nokuphelelwa lithemba, zinto ezo ebezithwaxa uluntu.
Makhe siqwalasele nje imizekelo embalwa. Incwadi ethi Chronicle of the World, ebhalwe nguJacques Legrand, inengqokelela yamabali, ngalinye libhalwe ngomhla othile esenzeka ngawo eso siganeko kodwa ngokungathi loo ngxelo inikelwa yintatheli yale mihla. Kwezi ngxelo ziphandwe ngokucokisekileyo, sikubona kakuhle ukusasazeka kweendaba ezimbi eziye zaviwa ngumntu ukutyhubela ubomi bakhe obuzaliswe ziingxaki kwesi sijikelezi-langa singuMhlaba.
Okokuqala, khawuqwalasele le ngxelo yamandulo eyayivela eGrisi ngowama-429 B.C.E. Inikela ingxelo ngemfazwe yelo xesha eyayiphakathi kweAtene neSparta: “Isixeko esililizwana lasePotidaea kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba sinikezele kuma-Atene awayesingqongile emva kokuthwaxwa yindlala kangangokuba abantu baso bebesitya izidumbu zabantu babo.” Ngokuqinisekileyo ziindaba ezimbi ezo!
Kwinkulungwane yokuqala ngaphambi kweXesha lethu Eliqhelekileyo, sifumana ingxelo eneenkcukacha zokufa kukaJulius Caesar, eyayibhalwe eRoma, ngoMatshi 15, 44 B.C. “UJulius Caesar ugwintiwe. Uhlatywe wafa liqela labantu abamenzele iyelenqe, abanye babo abangabahlobo bakhe abasenyongweni, njengoko ebesiya kwiNdlu yeBhunga namhlanje, ngoMhla we-15 kuMatshi.”
Ebudeni beenkulungwane ezalandelayo, iindaba ezimbi zaqhubeka zixhaphakile. Omnye umzekelo owothusayo ziindaba ezazivela eMexico ngowe-1487: “Kweyona mbonakaliso yokwenziwa kwedini inkulu eyakha yabonwa kwikomkhulu lama-Aztec, eTenochtitlan, abantu abangama-20 000 baye banikela ngeentliziyo zabo kuHuitzilopochtli, uthixo wemfazwe.”
Asiyonkohlakalo yomntu kuphela eye yabangela iindaba ezimbi kodwa nokungakhathali kwakhe kuye kongezelela. Kubonakala ngathi umlilo omkhulu waseLondon wawuyenye yeentlekele ezinjalo. Ingxelo evela eLondon, eNgilani, eyayibhalwe ngomhla kaSeptemba 5, 1666, ithi: “Ekugqibeleni, emva kweentsuku ezine nobusuku bazo, umlilo waseLondon uye wacinywa litshawe laseYork, elithumele amaqela omkhosi wasemanzini ukuba adilize izakhiwo ezingakwicala aya kulo amadangatye. Umhlaba oziiakile ezingama-400 [iihektare ezili-160] uye watshatyalaliswa yaye iicawa ezingama-87 nezindlu ezingaphezu kwama-13 000 ziye zatshatyalaliswa. Okumangalisayo kukuba kwafa abantu abasithoba kuphela.”
Kule mizekelo yeendaba ezimbi sinokongezelela oobhubhani abaye batyhutyha amazwekazi amaninzi—ngokomzekelo, ubhubhani wekholera wasekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1830. Umxholo obhaliweyo owawunikela le ngxelo ufundeka ngolu hlobo: “Igongqongqo eliyikholera liyiphathel’ imbengwana iYurophu.” Le ngxelo ichanileyo ilandelayo ibonisa elona cala loyikekayo leendaba ezimbi: “Ikholera, ebingaziwa eYurophu de kwangowe-1817, inwenwela ngasentshona ivela eAsia. Sele iqengqe ugodo kubemi bezixeko zaseRashiya ezinjengeMoscow neSt. Petersburg—inkoliso yamaxhoba ngamahlwempu ahlala ezidolophini.”
Ukwanda Kwazo Kwiminyaka Yakutshanje
Ngoxa iindaba ezimbi bezisoloko ziyinto eqhelekileyo ebomini ukutyhubela yonke imbali ebhaliweyo, amashumi eminyaka yakutshanje yale nkulungwane yama-20 anika ubungqina bokuba iindaba ezimbi ziyanda, ngokwenene zanda okomlilo wedobo.
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, iindaba zemfazwe bezilolona hlobo lubi lweendaba ezimbi eziye zeviwa kule nkulungwane sikuyo. Iimfazwe ezimbini ezizezona zinkulu embalini—ngokuqhelekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yiMfazwe Yehlabathi I neMfazwe Yehlabathi II—ngokuqinisekileyo ziye zabangela iindaba ezimbi zasasazwa kakhulu ngendlela eyoyikekayo. Kodwa eneneni ezo beziyinxalenye encinane yeendaba ezimbi eziye zakho kule nkulungwane ingenalonwabo.
Khawuqwalasele nje eminye yemixholo yamaphephandaba ekhethiweyo:
NgoSeptemba 1, 1923: Inyikima itshabalalisa iTokyo—kufe abangama-300 000; ngoSeptemba 20, 1931: Amanqam—iBritani iyalithoba ixabiso leponti; ngoJuni 25, 1950: UMntla Korea uhlasela uMzantsi; ngo-Oktobha 26, 1956: Abemi baseHungary bavukela ulawulo lweSoviet; ngoNovemba 22, 1963: UJohn Kennedy udutyulwe wafa eDallas; ngoAgasti 21, 1968: Iinkanunu zaseRashiya ziya kuchitha imvukelo yasePrague; ngoSeptemba 12, 1970: Iinqwelo-moya ezinkulu eziqweqwedisiweyo ziqhushumbisiwe entlango; ngoDisemba 25, 1974: iNkanyamba uTracy ichithachitha iDarwin—kufe ama-66; ngoAprili 17, 1975: ICambodia iwela kwimikhosi yamaKomanisi; ngoNovemba 18, 1978: Ukuzibulala kwabantu abaninzi eGuyana; ngo-Oktobha 31, 1984: UNks Gandhi udutyulwe wafa; ngoJanuwari 28, 1986: Inqwelo yoosomajukujuku iqhushumbe xa isuka; ngoAprili 26, 1986: Isixhobo sokwenza amandla enyukliya saseSoviet siyatsha; ngo-Oktobha 19, 1987: Ziwile iziseko zamashishini; ngoMatshi 25, 1989: IAlaska ithwaxwa kukuchitheka kweoli; ngoJuni 4, 1989: Amajoni abulala abaqhankqalazi eTiananmen Square.
Ewe, imbali ibonisa ukuba iindaba ezimbi bezisoloko zininzi, ngoxa ngokwentelekiso iindaba ezimnandi bezinqabile. Njengoko iindaba ezimbi zisanda kumashumi eminyaka yakutshanje, iindaba ezimnandi bezincipha nyaka ngamnye.
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[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 3]
WHO/League of Red Cross