Ibioethics Notyando Ngaphandle Kokusetyenziswa Kwegazi
KWIMINYAKA yakutshanje kwenziwe inkqubela engazange yabakho ngaphambili kumsebenzi wezonyango. Noko ke, ngoxa kuconjululwa iingxaki zezonyango, inkqubela ibangele iingxaki zemilinganiselo yezonyango.
Oogqirha kuye kwafuneka bacinge ngeengxaki ezinjengale: Ngaba unyango lwezamayeza olunamandla lufanele maxa wambi luyekwe ukuze umguli afe ngokuzola? Ngaba ugqirha ufanele angasamkeli isigqibo somguli ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba oko kuyingenelo yomguli? Afanele abiwe njani amayeza xa unyango olunexabiso elikhulu lungafumaneki kuwonke wonke?
Loo mibandela intsonkothileyo iye yanikelwa ingqalelo kwisifundo sezonyango esibizwa ngokuba yibioethics. Injongo zaso kukunceda oogqirha nezazinzulu zikwazi ukusingatha izinto ezibandakanyekileyo ezamkelekileyo kuphando lwebhayoloji nakwinkqubela yezonyango. Ekubeni inkoliso yezigqibo ezinzima ifanele yenziwe ezibhedlele, izibhedlele ezininzi ziye zamisela iikomiti zebioethics. Ngokuqhelekileyo amalungu ekomiti—aquka oogqirha namagqwetha—abakho kwiingqungquthela zebioethics, apho kuhlalutywa iingxaki zezinto ezamkelekileyo kwezonyango.
Eminye imibuzo ebidla ngokuphakama kwiingqungquthela ezilolo hlobo yile: Kukusa kwiliphi inqanaba oogqirha abafanele bahlonele iinkolelo zamaNgqina kaYehova athi, ngokuyintloko ngenxa yezizathu zonqulo, angavumi ukwamkela utofelo-gazi? Ngaba ugqirha ufanele amtofel’ igazi umguli enoba akafuni ukuba oko kubonakala “kucebiseka” kwezonyango? Ngaba bekuya kuba yinto eyamkelekileyo ukwenza oko umguli engazi, ngokungathi ‘oko umguli angakwaziyo akunakumenzakalisa’?
Ukusingatha imibandela elolo hlobo ngokufanelekileyo, oogqirha kufuneka bayiqonde ngengqondo ephangaleleyo imbono yamaNgqina. Kwelawo icala, amaNgqina kaYehova akulungele ukucacisa ukuma kwawo koogqirha, eqonda ukuba ukuqondana kakuhle kunokwenza luphetshwe ungquzulwano.
Ukuphakelana Ngezimvo
Unjingalwazi uDiego Gracia, igosa eliphambili laseSpeyin kwibioethics, wafuna ukuba iklasi yakhe ixubushe lo mbandela. Lo njingalwazi wathi: “Kufanelekile ukuba nina [maNgqina kaYehova] ninikwe ithuba lokuvakalisa inkxalabo yenu . . . ekubeni niye najamelana neenzima ngokuphathelele utofelo-gazi.”
Ngaloo ndlela, ngoJuni 5, 1996, abameli abathathu bamaNgqina kaYehova bamenyelwa eComplutense University eMadrid, eSpeyin, ukuze bacacise uluvo lwabo. Oogqirha abanokuba ngama-40 nezinye izithwala-ndwe babekho.
Emva kokuba ethethe ngokufutshane amaNgqina, kwavulwa ithuba lemibuzo. Bonke ababekho bavumelana ukuba umguli okhulileyo ufanele abe nelungelo lokungavumelani nohlobo oluthile lonyango lwezamayeza. Le klasi yayikholelwa ekubeni utofelo-gazi lufanele lungaze lusetyenziswe ngaphandle kwemvume yomguli. Sekunjalo ezinye iinkalo ezingokuma kwamaNgqina zaziyixhalabisa.
Omnye umbuzo wawuphathelele imali. Maxa wambi utyando ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwegazi, lubandakanya izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, njengenkqubo yotyando ngomatshini wemitha, kunye namayeza anexabiso eliphezulu, afana ne-erythropoietin, esetyenziselwa ukukhawulezisa ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Omnye ugqirha wabuza enoba ukungavumi ukhetho olunexabiso eliphantsi (igazi elifanayo), amaNgqina asenokuba alindele iinkonzo zempilo zikawonke-wonke ziwanike amalungelo akhethekileyo.
Ngoxa liqonda ukuba imali inguthunywashe oyimfuneko oogqirha abacinga ngayo, iNgqina elingummeli labhekisela kwizifundo ezazihlalutya iindleko ezifihlakeleyo zokutofelwa kwegazi elifanayo. Ezi ziquka unyango oluntsonkothileyo lweengxaki zokutofelwa igazi, kwanokulahlekelwa yingeniso ngenxa yokugula okubangelwa zezo ngxaki. Lo mmeli wacaphula uphando olubanzi olwaluvela eUnited States olwalubonisa umthamo omnye wegazi, nangona ekuqaleni wawuxabisa kuphela iiR1100, ekugqibeleni wabangela iindleko ezingaphezu kweeR5700—nto leyo eliphindaphinda ngaphezulu kwesihlanu ixabiso langaphambili. Ngenxa yoko, walatha ukuba, xa kubalwa konke okubandakanyekileyo, utyando ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwegazi lolona lunoqoqosho. Ngaphezu koko, okufane kubizwe ngokuthi ziindleko ezongezelelekileyo zotyando olwenziwa ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwegazi kwenziwa ngezixhobo ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe.
Omnye umbuzo ababecinga ngawo oogqirha abaliqela wawuphathelele ingcinezelo yeqela. Babuza enoba, bekuya kwenzeka ntoni, ukuba iNgqina lalinokulalanisa lize lamkele utofelo-gazi? Ngaba beliya kusikwa kwibutho lamaNgqina?
Impendulo iya kuxhomekeka kwimeko leyo, kuba ngokuqinisekileyo ukungawuthobeli umthetho kaThixo ngumbandela onzulu, nto leyo emele ihlolisiswe ngabadala bebandla. AmaNgqina ebeya kufuna ukumnceda nabani na oye wenza utyando olukhulu olusongela ubomi waza wamkela utofelo-gazi. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo elo Ngqina beliya kuba buhlungu lize lixhalabele ulwalamano lwalo noThixo. Umntu onjalo usenokufuna uncedo nokuqonda. Ekubeni isiseko sobuKristu iluthando, abadala bebeya kuzabalazela ukuba, njengawo onke amatyala okugweba, ayihlole imeko leyo ngenceba.—Mateyu 9:12, 13; Yohane 7:24.
Omnye unjingalwazi webioethics owayetyelele eUnited States, wabuza oku: “Ngaba aniyi kuphinda nihlolisise izinto enizamkelayo kungekudala? Ezinye iinkonzo zenze oko kwiminyaka yakutshanje.”
Waxelelwa ukuba, ukuma kwamaNgqina ehlonela ubungcwele begazi yimfundiso esisiseko yokholo kunokuba ibe yimilinganiselo yokuziphatha enokuhlolwa ngamathuba athile. Umyalelo ocacileyo weBhayibhile awuvuli thuba lokulalanisa. (IZenzo 15:28, 29) Ukwaphula umthetho wobuthixo ololo hlobo bekuya kuba kokungamkelekanga kwiNgqina njengoko kunjalo ukukubetha ngoyaba ukukrexeza okanye ukuhenyuza.
AmaNgqina kaYehova akuxabisa kakhulu ukukulungela koogqirha—njengabo babekho kuloo ngqungquthela yebioethics eMadrid—ukuhlonela isigqibo sawo sokufuna olunye unyango oluvumelana nonqulo lwawo olusekelwe eBhayibhileni. Alithandabuzeki elokuba, ibioethics iya kuba nendima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ulwalamano lukagqirha nomguli nokukhuthaza ukuhlonelwa okungakumbi koko kungumqweno womguli.
Njengogqirha odumileyo waseSpeyin owachazwa esithi, oogqirha bamele basoloko bekhumbula ukuba “basebenza ngezixhobo ezingafezekanga yaye banokuzenza iimpazamo.” Ngoko ke bamele “beyiseke ukuba uthando lusoloko lunabela apho lungenakufikelela ulwazi.”