Lomelele Kangakanani Ukholo Lwakho Kuvuko?
“Ndim uvuko nobomi. Lowo uluqheliselayo ukholo kum, kwanakuba esifa, uya kubuyela ebomini.”—YOHANE 11:25.
1, 2. Kutheni kufuneka umnquli kaYehova abe nentembelo kwithemba lovuko?
LOMELELE kangakanani ithemba lakho kuvuko? Ngaba liyakuqinisa xa usoyika ukufa lize likuthuthuzele xa ufelwa ngo-mthandayo? (Mateyu 10:28; 1 Tesalonika 4:13) Ngaba ufana noninzi lwabakhonzi bakaThixo bamandulo, abanyamezela ukutywatyushwa, ukugculelwa, ukungcungcuthekiswa namatyathanga entolongo, besomelezwa kukukholelwa kuvuko?—Hebhere 11:35-38.
2 Ewe, umnquli onyanisekileyo kaYehova ufanele angathandabuzi nakancinane ukuba kuza kubakho uvuko, ibe intembelo yakhe ifanele iyichaphazele indlela aphila ngayo. Kuluyolo ukucinga ukuba ngexesha elifanelekileyo likaThixo, ulwandle, ukufa neHadesi ziya kubakhupha abafileyo abakuzo, ibe abo bavusiweyo baya kufumana ithemba lokuphila ngonaphakade kumhlaba oyiparadesi.—ISityhilelo 20:13; 21:4, 5.
Amathandabuzo Aphathelele Amangomso
3, 4. Yiyiphi inkolelo abasenayo abaninzi ngobomi emva kokufa?
3 Kudala iNgqobhoko ifundisa ukuba kukho ubomi emva kokufa. Inqaku elithile lephephancwadi iU.S. Catholic lathi: “Ukutyhubela iminyaka, amaKristu aye azama ukuzithuthuzela ngenxa yokuphoxeka nokubandezeleka kobu bomi ngokukhangela phambili kobunye ubomi, ubomi obunoxolo nolwaneliseko, ubomi bolonwabo.” Nangona kumazwe amaninzi eNgqobhoko, abantu bengafuni nokulubona yaye belunyemba unqulo, abaninzi basavakalelwa ukuba kumele kubekho nto ithile emva kokufa. Kodwa ke kusekude engqinibeni.
4 Elinye inqaku lephephancwadi iTime lathi: “Abantu basakholelwa [kubomi obuthile emva kokufa]: into ebabethayo nje kukuba abasabuqondi kakuhle ukuba bunjani na, yaye nabefundisi babo abasathethi kakhulu ngabo.” Kutheni abefundisi bonqulo bengasathethi kakhulu ngobomi basemva kokufa njengoko babedla ngokwenza? Umphengululi ngezonqulo uJeffrey Burton Russell uthi: “Ndicinga ukuba [abefundisi] abasafuni kuwuphatha lo mba kuba bavakalelwa kukuba kuza kufuneka betyhubele imiqobo emikhulu edalwa ngamathandabuzo.”
5. Namhlanje abantu abaninzi bayijonga njani imfundiso yesihogo esivuthayo?
5 Kwiicawa ezininzi, ubomi basemva kokufa buquka izulu nesihogo esivuthayo. Yaye xa abefundisi besonqena ukuthetha ngezulu, bade bonqene nangakumbi ukuthetha ngesihogo. Elinye inqaku lephephandaba lathi: “Kule mihla kwaneecawa ezikholelwa kwisohlwayo sikanaphakade kwisihogo sokoqobo . . . azisathethi kakhulu ngale ngcamango.” Eneneni, inkoliso yabefundisi bale mihla ayisakholelwa ukuba isihogo siyindawo yokuthuthumbisa yokoqobo, ngendlela esasifundiswa ngayo kumaXesha Aphakathi. Kunoko, ikhetha ukuchaza isihogo ngendlela noko “eginyekayo.” Ngokutsho koninzi lwabefundisi bale mihla, aboni abathuthunjiswa ngokoqobo esihogweni, kodwa babandezeleka ngenxa “yokulunyulwa kwabo kuThixo ngokomoya.”
6. Bambi bafumanisa njani ukuba ukholo lwabo lubuthathaka xa bejamelene nentlekele?
6 Ukunyenyisa isitropu kwiimfundiso zecawa ukuze zingakhubekisi abantu bale mihla kunokuzinceda ezinye zingabi nezothe ebantwini, kodwa oko kushiya izigidi zamarhamente anyanisekileyo zingazi nokuba zise yiphi na kwasibonda. Ngenxa yoko, xa eselukhukweni lokufa, ngokufuthi la marhamente afumanisa ukuba ukholo lwawo lubuthathaka. Isimo sengqondo sawo sifana nesebhinqa elithile elafelwa ngamalungu entsapho amaninzi kwingozi ehambis’ umzimba. Xa labuzwa enoba lalithuthuzeleka kusini na ngenxa yokholo lwalo, laphendula likrokra lathi, “Kusenokuba kunjalo.” Kodwa kwanokuba laliphendule liqinisekile ukuba ukholo lwalo lwalulincedile, lwaluya kuba yingenelo kangangexesha elingakanani ukuba iinkolelo zalo zazingenasiseko siqinileyo? Oku kubalulekile kuba, eneneni, oko kufundiswa yinkoliso yeecawa ngobomi bexesha elizayo kwahluke okwempuma kwintshona koko kufundiswa yiBhayibhile.
Imbono YeNgqobhoko Ngobomi Emva Kokufa
7. (a) Yiyiphi inkolelo ezifana ngayo iicawa ezininzi? (b) Omnye umfundisi wayichaza njani imfundiso yokungafi komphefumlo?
7 Nangona zingafani twatse, inkoliso yeemvaba zeNgqobhoko iyangqinelana kwelokuba umntu unomphefumlo ongafiyo osindayo xa umzimba usifa. Inkoliso yazo ikholelwa ukuba xa umntu esifa, umphefumlo usenokuya ezulwini. Zimbi zoyika ukuba imiphefumlo inokuya kwisihogo esivuthayo okanye kwindawo yentlambululo-miphefumlo. Kodwa imbono yazo ngobomi bexesha elizayo isekelwe ekungafini komphefumlo. Kwisincoko esapapashwa kwincwadi ethi Immortality and Resurrection, umfundisi uOscar Cullmann, wahlomla ngalo mba. Wabhala: “Ukuba besinokubuza umKristu nje oqhelekileyo namhlanje . . . oko akugqala kuyimfundiso yeTestamente Entsha ngokuphathelele isiphelo somntu emva kokufa, ibinokuba ngumnqa into yokuba singafumani impendulo ethi: ‘Kukungafi komphefumlo.’” Noko ke, uCullmann walek’ umsundulo esithi: “Le ngcamango yaziwa nanguthathatha iyenye yezona ntsumantsumane ziphambili zobuKristu.” UCullmann wagqabaza esithi xa wayeyithetha okokuqala le nto, abantu bafun’ ukumdla ngamazinyo. Ukanti, wayechan’ ucwethe ngotolo.
8. Liliphi ithemba uYehova awalinika indoda nomfazi wokuqala?
8 UYehova uThixo akazange adale umntu ukuba aye ezulwini emva kokufa kwakhe. Kwaukufa oko kwakungeyonjongo yakhe yantlandlolo. UAdam noEva badalwa befezekile baza banikwa ithuba lokuba bazalise umhlaba ngenzala engamalungisa. (Genesis 1:28; Duteronomi 32:4) Abazali bethu bokuqala baxelelwa ukuba babeza kufa kuphela ukuba babengamthobelanga uThixo. (Genesis 2:17) Ukuba babeqhubeke bemthobela uYise wasezulwini, ngebaphila emhlabeni ngonaphakade.
9. (a) Uyintoni kanye umphefumlo womntu? (b) Kwenzeka ntoni xa umphefumlo usifa?
9 Noko ke, okulusizi kukuba uAdam noEva abazange bamthobele uThixo. (Genesis 3:6, 7) Imiphumo yoko eyintlekele ichazwa ngumpostile uPawulos: “Isono sangena ngamntu mnye ehlabathini nokufa ngaso isono, ngaloo ndlela ukufa kwasasazeka kubo bonke abantu ngenxa yokuba bonke bonayo.” (Roma 5:12) Kunokuba baphile ngonaphakade emhlabeni, uAdam noEva bafa. Kwenzeka ntoni ke emva koko? Ngaba babenemiphefumlo engafiyo ngoku eyayinokuthunyelwa kwisihogo esivuthayo ngenxa yesono sabo? Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iBhayibhile ithi ngaphambili, xa wayedalwa, uAdam “waba ngumphefumlo ophilileyo.” (Genesis 2:7) Umntu akazange anikwe umphefumlo; waba ngumphefumlo, umntu ophilayo. (1 Korinte 15:45) Phofu ke, yayingengoAdam kuphela “umphefumlo ophilileyo,” kodwa njengoko kuboniswa ngamagama esiHebhere asetyenziswe kwiGenesis, kwanezidalwa eziphantsi ‘zaziyimiphefumlo ephilileyo’! (Genesis 1:24) Xa uAdam noEva bafayo, baba yimiphefumlo efileyo. Ekugqibeleni, kwenzeka kubo kanye njengokuba uYehova wayetshilo kuAdam: “Uya kudla ukudla kokubila kobuso bakho, ude ubuyele emhlabeni, kuba uthatyathwe kuwo; ngokuba uluthuli, uya kubuyela kwaseluthulini.”—Genesis 3:19.
10, 11. Yintoni evunywa yiNew Catholic Encyclopedia ngemfundiso yeBhayibhile ngomphefumlo, ibe oko kungqinelana njani noko kuthethwa yiBhayibhile?
10 Ngokusisiseko, iNew Catholic Encyclopedia iyavumelana nesi sibakala. Kwinqaku layo elithi “Umphefumlo (eBhayibhileni),” ithi: “Akukho kwahlulwa kubini komzimba nomphefumlo kwiTestamente Endala, [okanye iZibhalo zesiHebhere].” Yongezelela ngelithi eBhayibhileni, igama elithi “umphefumlo” “alikhe libhekisele kumphefumlo njengento eyahlukileyo emzimbeni okanye njengomnye umntu.” Eneneni, umphefumlo ngokufuthi “uthetha isidalwa eso enoba sisilwanyana okanye ngumntu.” Le nkcazelo inyanisekileyo iyahlaziya, kodwa ubani unokuzibuza isizathu sokuba amarhamente ewonke engekazixelelwa ezi nyaniso.
11 Angakanani wona amaxhala noloyiko abeya kusinda kuwo amarhamente ukuba ebesazi nje inyaniso elula yeBhayibhile: “Umphefumlo owonayo, kuya kufa wona,” awuyi kubandezeleka emlilweni wesihogo! (Hezekile 18:4) Nangona oku kwahluke mpela koko kufundiswa yiNgqobhoko, kuvumelana ngokupheleleyo noko indoda esisilumko uSolomon yaphefumlelwa ukuba ikuthethe: “Abadla ubomi bayazi ukuba baya kufa; ke bona abafileyo abazi lutho, abasabi namvuzo [kobu bomi]; ngokuba balityelwe, abasakhunjulwa nganto. Yonke into esiyifumanayo isandla sakho ukuba siyenze, yenze ngamandla akho; ngokuba akukho kwenza, nakucinga, nakwazi, nakulumka kwelabafileyo, apho uya khona wena.”—INtshumayeli 9:5, 10.
12. INgqobhoko yayiyifumana phi imfundiso yayo yomphefumlo ongafiyo?
12 Kutheni iNgqobhoko ifundisa into etenxe kangaka koko iBhayibhile ikutshoyo? Kwinqaku layo elithi “Soul, Human, Immortality Of, [Ukungafi Komphefumlo, Komntu],” iNew Catholic Encyclopedia ithi aBaseki beCawa bangaphambili abazange bayixhase ngeBhayibhile inkolelo yokungafi komphefumlo, kodwa bayifumana “kwiimbongi nakwizithandi zobulumko nakwizithethe zamaGrike . . . Kamva, abaphengululi bakhetha ukusebenzisa iingcamango zikaPlato okanye ezika-Aristotle.” Ithi “impembelelo kaPlato kunye neengcamango ezihlaziyiweyo zikaPlato”—kuquka inkolelo yokungafi komphefumlo—ekugqibeleni zafakwa “kanye kweyona ndawo iphambili kwimfundiso yamaKristu.”
13, 14. Kutheni kungekho ngqiqweni ukuba nethemba lokukhanyiselwa zizithandi zobulumko zamaGrike ezingabahedeni?
13 Ngaba abo babezibanga bengamaKristu babefanele babhenele kwizithandi zobulumko ezingabahedeni zamaGrike ukuze bafunde into ebaluleke njengethemba lobomi emva kokufa? Kakade ke akunjalo. Xa uPawulos wayebhalela amaKristu awayehlala eKorinte, eGrisi, wathi: “Ubulumko beli hlabathi bubudenge kuThixo; kuba kubhaliwe kwathiwa: ‘Ubambisa izilumko kubuqhokolo bazo.’ Yaye kwakhona kwathiwa: ‘UYehova uyazi ukuba ukuqiqa kwabantu abazizilumko kuphuthile.’” (1 Korinte 3:19, 20) AmaGrike amandulo ayenqula izithixo. Ngoko, kwakunokwenzeka njani ukuba abe ngumthombo wenyaniso? UPawulos wawabuza oku amaKorinte: “Sisiphi na isivumelwano enaso itempile kaThixo nezithixo? Kuba siyitempile kaThixo ophilayo; kanye njengoko uThixo wathi: ‘Ndiya kuhlala phakathi kwabo ndize ndihambe phakathi kwabo, yaye ndiya kuba nguThixo wabo, ibe baya kuba ngabantu bam.’”—2 Korinte 6:16.
14 Iinyaniso ezingcwele zaqala zatyhilelwa uhlanga lwakwaSirayeli. (Roma 3:1, 2) Emva kowama-33 C.E., zadluliselwa ngebandla lamaKristu athanjisiweyo lenkulungwane yokuqala. UPawulos, ethetha ngamaKristu enkulungwane yokuqala, wathi: “UThixo uzityhile kuthi [izinto ezilungiselelwe abo bamthandayo] ngomoya wakhe.” (1 Korinte 2:10; bona neSityhilelo 1:1, 2.) Imfundiso yeNgqobhoko yokungafi komphefumlo ithatyathwe kwintandabulumko yamaGrike. Ayizange ize ngezityhilelo zikaThixo kuSirayeli okanye ngebandla lamaKristu athanjisiweyo lenkulungwane yokuqala.
Ithemba Lokwenene Ngabafi
15. Ngokutsho kukaYesu, liyintoni ithemba lokwenene ngabafi?
15 Ukuba ke akukho mphefumlo ungafiyo, liyintoni ithemba lokwenene ngabafi? Kaloku luvuko, eyona mfundiso isisiseko yeBhayibhile nelidinga likaThixo elimangalisa ngokwenene. UYesu wazisa ngethemba lovuko xa wathi kumhlobo wakhe uMarta: “Ndim uvuko nobomi. Lowo uluqheliselayo ukholo kum, kwanakuba esifa, uya kubuyela ebomini.” (Yohane 11:25) Ukukholelwa kuYesu kuthetha ukukholelwa kuvuko, kungekhona ekungafini komphefumlo.
16. Kutheni kusengqiqweni ukukholelwa kuvuko?
16 UYesu wayekhe wathetha ngovuko ngaphambilana xa wathi kumaYuda athile: “Musani ukumangaliswa koku, ngenxa yokuba liyeza ilixa ekuya kuthi ngalo bonke abo bakumangcwaba enkumbulo balive ilizwi lakhe baze baphume.” (Yohane 5:28, 29) Okuchazwa nguYesu apha kwahluke gqitha kumphefumlo ongafiyo osindayo xa umzimba usifa uze uye ngqo ezulwini. ‘Kukuphuma’ okuya kwenzeka kwixesha elizayo kwabantu abasengcwabeni, inkoliso yabo ebilapho kangangeenkulungwane okanye amawaka eminyaka. Yimiphefumlo efileyo ebuyela ebomini. Ngaba ucinga ukuba oko akunakwenzeka? Kuza kwenzeka ke kuThixo “owenza abafileyo baphile aze abize izinto ezingekhoyo ngokungathi bezikho.” (Roma 4:17) Abantu abathandabuzayo basenokuyihleka iintumbu zibe buhlungu into yokuba abantu baza kuphuma kwelabafileyo, kodwa ivisisana kakuhle nesibakala sokuba “uThixo uluthando” nokuba “ngumvuzi wabo bamfuna ngokunyamekileyo.”—1 Yohane 4:16; Hebhere 11:6.
17. Yintoni eya kuphunyezwa nguThixo ngovuko?
17 Ngapha koko, uThixo ebenokubavuza njani abo ‘bathembeka kude kuse ekufeni’ ukuba ebengayi kubabuyisela ebomini? (ISityhilelo 2:10) Kwakhona uvuko lwenza uThixo akwazi ukuphumeza oko umpostile uYohane wakubhalayo: “Ngenxa yale njongo uNyana kaThixo wenziwa wabonakala, oko kukuthi, ukuchitha imisebenzi kaMtyholi.” (1 Yohane 3:8) Emva phayaa kumyezo wase-Eden, uSathana waba ngumbulali walo lonke uhlanga lwabantu xa wakhokelela abazali bethu bokuqala esonweni nasekufeni. (Genesis 3:1-6; Yohane 8:44) UYesu waqalisa ukuyikatyisa imisebenzi kaSathana xa wanikela ngobomi bakhe obufezekileyo njengentlawulelo elinganayo, eyahlahl’ indlela yoluntu ukuze lukhululwe kubukhoboka besono olubuzuz’ ilifa nobabangelwa kukungathobeli ngabom kuka-Adam. (Roma 5:18) Ukuvuswa kwabo bafe ngenxa yesono sika-Adam kuya kuyitshitshisa nangakumbi imisebenzi kaMtyholi.
Umzimba Nomphefumlo
18. Zasabela njani ezinye zezithandi zobulumko zamaGrike xa uPawulos wazixelela ukuba uYesu wayevusiwe, yaye kwakutheni?
18 Xa umpostile uPawulos wayeseAthene, washumayela iindaba ezilungileyo kwisihlwele esasiquka izithandi zobulumko ezithile zamaGrike. Sayiphulaphula ingxubusho yakhe ephathelele ekuphela koThixo oyinyaniso nesimemo sakhe sokuba siguquke. Kwathini ke emva koko? UPawulos waqukumbela intetho yakhe ngokuthi: “[UThixo] umise imini anenjongo ngayo yokuba agwebe umhlaba omiweyo ngobulungisa ngendoda ayimiseleyo, yaye ubanike isiqinisekiso bonke abantu ngokuba eye wayivusa kwabafileyo.” Loo mazwi avusa ingxwabangxwaba. “Xa beva ngovuko lwabafileyo, bambi baqalisa ukwenza intlekisa.” (IZenzo 17:22-32) UMfundisi uOscar Cullmann uthi: “KumaGrike awayekholelwa ekungafini komphefumlo kusenokuba kwakunzima ukwamkela imfundiso yamaKristu yovuko kunokuba kwakunjalo kwabanye. . . . Imfundiso yoomakhwekhwetha bezithandi zobulumko uSocrates noPlato ayinakuze ibethe ngesingqi esinye [ingqinelane] neyeTestamente Entsha.”
19. Abefundisi beNgqobhoko baye bazama njani ukuvisisanisa imfundiso yovuko neyokungafi komphefumlo?
19 Nangona kunjalo, emva kowexuko olukhulu olwenzeka emva kokufa kwabapostile, abefundisi baboph’ amaxonya bevanga imfundiso yamaKristu yovuko nenkolelo kaPlato yokungafi komphefumlo. Ethubeni, bambi beza nesicombululo esitsha: Xa umntu esifa, umphefumlo uyahlulwa (“uyakhululwa,” njengoko abanye babesitsho) emzimbeni. Emva koko, ngokutsho kwencwadi ethi Outlines of the Doctrine of the Resurrection, ebhalwe nguR. J. Cooke, ngoMhla Womgwebo, “umzimba ngamnye uya kubuyelana nomphefumlo wawo, uze nomphefumlo ngamnye ubuyelane nomzimba wawo.” Oku kubuyelana komzimba nomphefumlo wawo ongafiyo okuza kwenzeka kwixesha elizayo kubizwa ngokuba luvuko.
20, 21. Ngoobani abaye bathi gqolo befundisa inyaniso ngovuko, ibe oku kuye kwayingenelo njani kubo?
20 Le ngcamango iseyimfundiso esemthethweni kwiicawa eziphambili. Ngoxa le ngcamango isenokutsho kamnandi ezindlebeni zomfundisi, inkoliso yamarhamente iyayizibula. Wona akholelwa nje ukuba xa esifa aya ngqo ezulwini. Ngenxa yoku, kwinkupho yeCommonweal kaMeyi 5, 1995, umbhali uJohn Garvey wathi: “Inkolelo yoninzi lwamaKristu [kumba wobomi emva kokufa] ibonakala isondele gqitha kwiingcamango ezihlaziyiweyo zikaPlato kunokuba injalo kuyo nayiphi imfundiso yamaKristu, ibe ayisekelwanga bhayibhileni.” Eneneni, ngokunanisa iBhayibhile ngemfundiso kaPlato, abefundisi beNgqobhoko baye balicima kwathi pam ithemba elisekelwe eBhayibhileni lovuko kwimihlambi yabo.
21 Kwelinye icala, amaNgqina kaYehova akafuni nokuzibona iintandabulumko zabahedeni yaye anamathela kwimfundiso yeBhayibhile ngovuko. Le mfundiso ayifumanisa isakha, isanelisa yaye ithuthuzela. Kumanqaku alandelayo, siza kubona indlela esekelwe ngokuqinileyo nesengqiqweni ngayo imfundiso yeBhayibhile yovuko, kwabo banethemba lokuphila emhlabeni nakwabo banethemba lokuphila ezulwini. Ukuze ulungele ingxubusho yala manqaku, sicebisa ukuba ufunde ngenyameko isahluko 15 sencwadi yokuqala kwabaseKorinte.
Ngaba Uyakhumbula?
◻ Kutheni sifanele sihlakulele intembelo enamandla kuvuko?
◻ Liliphi ithemba uYehova awalibeka phambi koAdam noEva?
◻ Kutheni kungekho ngqiqweni ukufuna inyaniso kwintandabulumko yamaGrike?
◻ Kutheni uvuko ilithemba elisengqiqweni?
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 10]
Bathe bakona, abazali bethu bokuqala baphulukana nethemba lokuphila ngonaphakade emhlabeni
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 12]
Abaphengululi becawa baye baphenjelelwa yinkolelo kaPlato yokungafi komphefumlo
[Inkcazelo]
Musei Capitolini, Roma