Lwaphelela Phi Umanyano Lwehlabathi?
“Kokokuqala emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ukuba zimanyane ngale ndlela izizwe ngezizwe. . . . Ihlabathi linokuxhakamfula eli thuba ukuze lifezekise ulungelelwaniso olutsha lwehlabathi.”
WATSHO njalo umongameli waseUnited States ngeminyaka yee-1990. Ngelo xesha, umanyano lwehlabathi lwalubonakala luvele ngeempondo. Oorhulumente abangoozwilakhe babesiwa omnye emva komnye. Ukuwa koDonga lwaseBerlin, kwaba luphawu lokuqala kwexesha elitsha eYurophu. ISoviet Union eyayijongwa ngamazwe amaninzi aseNtshona njengomphembeleli wodushe olusehlabathini, yawa ngendlela eyashiya ihlabathi libambe ongezantsi. IMfazwe Yomlomo yaphela, kwaza kwabakho ithemba lokuncitshiswa kwezixhobo kuquka nezenyukliya. Kakade ke, kwaqhambuka imfazwe yePersian Gulf, kodwa yabonakala iyinto yexeshana eyashiya ihlabathi lizimisele ngakumbi ukwenza imigudu yokuzisa uxolo.
Imiqondiso enik’ ithemba yayibonakala nakwezinye iinkalo zobomi kungekhona kwezopolitiko kuphela. Umgangatho wobomi wawuphucuka kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathi. Inkqubela kwezonyango yenza oogqirha bakwazi ukwenza izinto ezazibonakala zingenakwenzeka kumashumi nje ambalwa eminyaka ngaphambili. Uqoqosho lwamazwe amaninzi lwakhula ngesantya esenza kwabonakala ngathi iza kugwetywa indlala. Kwakubonakala ngathi izinto ziya ngasekulungeni.
Namhlanje emva, kweminyaka engephi sinokubuza: ‘Konakele phi? Lwaphelela phi elo themba lokumanyana kwehlabathi?’ Kunoko imeko yehlabathi iya isiba maxongo ngakumbi. Ekuphela kwento esiyibonayo ziziganeko ezihlasimlis’ umzimba zabantu abaziqhushumbisa ngeebhombu, abagrogrisi, izixhobo ezibulala intlaninge yabantu ngephanyazo nezinye iziganeko ezishiy’ amehlo. Ezi ziganeko zenza ihlabathi libe ziintlaba-zahlukane. Enye ingcali kwimibandela yemali yathi: “Siya sintyumpa-tyumpeka kugonyamelo.”
Ngaba Eli Hlabathi Limanyene Okanye Liziintlaba-zahlukane?
Xa kwasekwa iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, enye yeenjongo yazo kwathiwa “kukukhuthaza ulwalamano oluhle phakathi kwezizwe, ukuhlonela amalungelo abantu nokuzikhethela uhlobo lorhulumente abamfunayo.” Emva kweminyaka engama-60, ngaba ziye zaphunyezwa ezo njongo? Kuse kude engqinibeni! Kunokuba zikhuthaze “ubuhlobo” eyonanto iphambili “kukuzilawula.” Ukuzabalazela kwabantu namaqela eentlanga ukuzenzela igama nokuzilawula kuye kwalahlula ngakumbi ihlabathi. Xa zazisekwa iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, zazinamalungu angama-51. Sithethanje, zinamalungu ali-191.
Njengoko siye sabona, ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, umanyano lwehlabathi lwalungundaba-mlonyeni. Elo themba, liye lafana nokuza kukaNxele kuba ihlabathi liya lisiba ziintlaba-zahlukane. Ugonyamelo olwakhokelela ekwahlukanisweni kweYugoslavia, ukungquzulana kweChechnya neRashiya, imfazwe yaseIraq, nokubulawa kwabantu kuMbindi Mpuma—zonke ezi zinto zibonisa ukuba ihlabathi lahlulelene.
Akuthandabuzeki ukuba inkoliso yale migudu yokuzisa uxolo ibisenziwa ngokunyaniseka nangeenjongo ezintle. Phezu kwayo nje le migudu, umanyano lwehlabathi lubonakala luziinkwenkwezi. Abaninzi bashiyeka bezibuza ukuba: ‘Kutheni kunzima kangaka ukumanyanisa ihlabathi? Lisinge phi eli hlabathi?’
[Inkcazelo Ngemifanekiso ekwiphepha 3]
AP Photo/Lionel Cironneau
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