Imbono YeBhayibhile

Ukumitha Umntwana Wabanye Abantu—Ngaba Kuwalungele AmaKristu?

IMBONGI yamandulo uHorace ongumRoma wayengazi nto ngokumitha umntwana wabanye abantu xa wabhala oku: “Into yokuba ngoobani na abazali bakabani ayinamsebenzi, ukuba nje uneempawu ezintle.” Isaci sombhali ongumFrentshi wenkulungwane ye-17 esithi, “Ukuzala akuyonto xa kungekho mpawu zintle,” naso sabhalwa kudala ngaphambi kokuba ingcamango yokumitha umntwana wabanye abantu ibe yingxaki kwezomthetho. Kodwa, njengoko uMary Thom wachazayo kwiphephancwadi iMs., ngobu bugcisa butsha bokuvelisa inzala, “ukuveliswa kweqanda, ukugcinwa esibelekweni kwemveku engekazalwa, nokunyanyekelwa kosana lusakube luzelwe” kunokwenziwa “ngoomama” ababini okanye abathathu abahlukahlukeneyo. Umbandela “weempawu ezintle” nombandela “wemiphumo” uye wangongacaciyo yaye uye wayingxaki.

Lo mkhwa wokumitha umntwana wabanye abantu waqalisa ukwesamela ehlabathini phakathi kwiminyaka yee-1970, waza wabangela ingxaki kwezentlalo, ezokuziphatha, nasemthethweni ezazingazange zibekho ngaphambili. Zimbi izibini ezingazaliyo zazikunqwenela ukusebenzisa le ndlela yokuzala ingeyoyemvelo. Kwelinye icala, oogqirha, amagqwetha, nabawisi-mthetho bakufumanisa kunzima ukuhambisana nobu bugcisa bokuzalisa bandayo ukuze bamisele imigaqo yokucombulula iingxaki eziphakamayo ngendlela efanelekileyo yokuziphatha.

Kukuthini Ukumitha Umntwana Wabanye Abantu?

Ukumitha umntwana wabanye abantu, okanye ukwenza isivumelwano sokwenza oko, kukufakwa kwamadlozi esibelekweni somnye umfazi ngendlela engeyoyemvelo ukuze loo mntwana abe ngowomnye umfazi. Oko kubizwa ngokuba yindlela yesithethe yokumitha umntwana wabanye abantu kuxa loo mfazi umithi umntwana wabanye abantu emithiswe ngokufakwa amadlozi esibelekweni ngendlela engeyoyemvelo loo madlozi ethatyathwe endodeni egqibe nomfazi wayo ukuba benze isivumelwano naloo mfazi. Ngaloo ndlela loo mfazi umithe umntwana wabanye abantu ungunina waloo mntwana ngokwemvelo. Uhlobo lokumitha olubizwa ngokuba yigestational surrogacy kuxa iqanda lomfazi nedlozi lendoda yakhe zidityaniswa ngaphandle kwesibeleko ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-in-vitro (test-tube) fertilization, ize loo mveku ingekazalwa ifakwe esibelekweni somnye umfazi ukuze ikhulele kuso.

Kutheni lo mkhwa wokumitha umntwana wabanye abantu uxhaphakile? Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ubugcisa bezenzululwazi buye bavelisa iindlela ezininzi zokunceda amabhinqa afumane abantwana. Izibini zisenokuba nomnqweno onzulu wokufumana umntwana, kodwa ngenxa yokungazali, ukungavumi kweemeko, okanye kwanangenxa yokuba bembalwa abantwana abasempilweni kubantwana abafunelwa abantu bokubakhulisa (babies for adoption), zingabi nako ukumfumana. Ngoko ziqesha umzimba womnye umntu ukuze zibe nomntwana. Ekubeni kuhlawulwa imali eninzi ngenxa yoku, ukumitha umntwana wabanye abantu kuye kwachazwa ngala mabinzana angathandekiyo, anjengelithi “ukwenziwa ikhoboka kukabani engathandi” nelithi “ukuhlutha ukuchuma kwamahlwempu.”

EUnited States, Inkundla Ephakamileyo yaseNew Jersey yaqonda ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba izityebi ziwaxhaphaze amahlwempu yaza kwityala elalibandakanya ukumitha umntwana wabanye abantu yathi: “Ngamafutshane, kukho imilinganiselo ibutho labantu eliyigqala njengebaluleke ngakumbi kunokunika ubutyebi nantoni na obunokuyithenga enoba ngabasebenzi, uthando, okanye ubomi.” Inkundla Ephakamileyo yaseFransi yathi ukumitha umntwana wabanye abantu kukuwusebenzisa kakubi umzimba webhinqa yaye “umzimba womntu akufanele kubolekiswe, kuqeshiswe, okanye kuthengiswe ngawo.”

Iingxaki Zokumitha Umntwana Wabanye Abantu

Ukumitha umntwana wabanye abantu kuzisa iingxaki eziliqela. Enye yazo ngamadabi angathandekiyo asenokuliwa ngokusemthethweni ukuba umfazi ozele umntwana uyamfuna loo mntwana. Ngokabani lo mntwana, ngaba ngowalo mfazi uzeleyo okanye ngowalowa unikise ngeqanda? Ngoko ukuzalwa komntwana, ngokuqhelekileyo okuba sisihlandlo sovuyo, maxa wambi kukhokelela kwidabi lasenkundleni. Enye ingxaki: Abanye abafazi abavumayo ukumitha umntwana wabanye abantu bafumanisa ukuba iimvakalelo zabo ziyaguquka ekukhuleni nasekuzalweni komntwana ekwenziwe isivumelwano ngaye. Oko bekuvunyelwene ngako kwiinyanga ezithile ngaphambilana kuya kusiba nzima ngokuba nzima ukukwamkela. Kuyileka iqhina lolwalamano elinamandla phakathi komama kunye nomntwana ongaphakathi kuye. Omnye umama owamitha umntwana wabanye abantu, owayengazange aliqonde eli qhina kusengaphambili, uchaza indlela awavakalelwa ngayo ngokunikezela ngomntwana: “Kwakungathi kufe umntu. Umzimba wam wawukhalela intombi yam.”

Kwakhona, yiyiphi imiphumo esenokubakho kamva kwabanye abantwana balo mama umithi umntwana wabanye abantu, kwintsapho eyamkela lo mntwana, nakulo mntwana ngokwakhe? Okanye kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba lo mntwana uzelwe enesiphene? Ngaba uyise kunyanzelekile ukuba amthabathe umntwana? Ukuba akunjalo, ngubani oza kukhupha imali yokukhulisa umntwana? Yaye owona mbuzo ubaluleke nangakumbi, kukuba Iyintoni imbono kaThixo ngokumitha umntwana wabanye abantu?

Ngaba Ukumitha Umntwana Wabanye Abantu Kuwenza Umtshato Ubekeke?

ILizwi likaThixo lisixelela ukuba umtshato uwujonga njengento engcwele. Ngokomzekelo, amaHebhere 13:4 athi: “Umtshato mawubekeke ngeendlela zonke, nesilili masingadyojwa; ke abenza umbulo nabakrexezi, uThixo uya kubagweba.”a UThixo ulindele ukuba onke amaKristu awugqale umtshato njengobekekileyo yaye awugcine ngolo hlobo. Yintoni engcolisa umtshato? Luhenyuzo, olunokuphelisa ukubekeka komtshato kwanangaphambi kokuba kutshatwe, nokukrexeza, okunokuphelisa ukubekeka komtshato xa sele kutshatiwe.

Ngaba ukumitha umntwana wabanye abantu kuwenza umtshato ubekeke yaye ngaba kusigcina isilili singadyobhekanga? Ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo. Indlela yesithethe yokumitha umntwana wabanye abantu kukufakwa kwedlozi ekuphiswe ngalo emfazini ngendlela engeyoyemvelo. Imbono yeBhayibhile inokufunyanwa kwiLevitikus 18:20, ethi: “Uze ungamlali [“ungadluliseli ngamadlozi akho,” NW] umfazi wommelwane, ukuba uzenze inqambi ngaye.” Akukho siseko singokweBhayibhile sokwahlukanisa phakathi kokufakwa kwamadlozi ngendlela yemvelo nokufakwa kwawo ngendlela engeyoyemvelo. Ngoko ke, kuzo zombini ezi meko kwenziwa uhenyuzo okanye ukrexezo xa kufakwa amadlozi yindoda engenguye umyeni womfazi wasemthethweni.

Kuthekani ngohlobo lokumitha apho iqanda lomfazi nedlozi lendoda yakhe zidityaniswa ngaphandle kwesibeleko? Nalo luyasidyobha isilili. Eneneni, iqanda eliqanduselweyo liya kube lenziwe yindoda kunye nomfazi wayo, kodwa emva koko lifakwa esibelekweni somnye umfazi yaye, eneneni, limenza amithe. Olu hlobo lokumitha alungomphumo weentlobano zesini phakathi komfazi omithe umntwana wabanye abantu kunye nendoda yakhe. Ngaloo ndlela, amalungu akhe okuzala ngoku asetyenziswa ngomnye umntu ongelilo iqabane lakhe. Oku akuhambisani nemigaqo yokuziphatha eseBhayibhileni ethi umfazi umele amithe umntwana wendoda yakhe. (Thelekisa iDuteronomi 23:2.) Akunakuba yinto efanelekileyo ukuba enye indoda engeyiyo indoda yomfazi omithe umntwana wabanye abantu isebenzise amalungu akhe okuzala. Yindlela engafanelekanga yokusetyenziswa kwesilili. Ngaloo ndlela, ukumitha umntwana wabanye abantu akuwafanelanga amaKristu.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 12]

Pastel by Mary Cassatt, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Ralph J. Hines, 1960. (60.181)