Isahluko 14

Ukungabikho Kokholo Kwanamhlanje—Ngaba Kufanele Kuqhutyekwe Nephulo?

“Abantu abasenamsebenzi noThixo. Baya bemlibala ngokumlibala njengoko iintsuku zihamba okanye xa besenza izigqibo. . . . UThixo uye wathatyathelwa indawo zezinye izinto: ingeniso nemveliso. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba wayekhe wagqalwa njengomthombo woncedo kuyo yonke imisebenzi yabantu, kodwa namhlanje uye waphoswa kwelokulibala. . . . Abantu abasacingi nokucinga ngoThixo.”—The Sources of Modern Atheism.

1. (Quka intshayelelo.) (a) Incwadi ethi The Sources of Modern Atheism iyichaza njani indlela abantu banamhlanje abakholelwa ngayo kuThixo? (b) Ukungabikho kokholo kwanamhlanje kwahluke njani ngokupheleleyo kwimeko yeminyaka nje embalwa edluleyo?

KWIMINYAKA nje embalwa edluleyo uThixo wayexatyiswa kakhulu ngabantu bamazwe aseNtshona. Ukuze ubani amkelwe ebuthweni, wayemele anikele ubungqina bokuba wayekholelwa kuThixo, kwanakubeni yayingenguye wonk’ ubani owayekuqhelisela ngokunyanisekileyo oko wayezibanga ekukholelwa. Nawaphi na amathandabuzo nokungaqiniseki abantu ababesiba nako babesithi ngobulumko bakugcine kubo ngaphakathi. Ukuwavakalisa kwabo ekuhleni kwakuya kukhwankqisa yaye mhlawumbi kude kubabeke esichengeni sokugculelwa.

2. (a) Kutheni le nto abantu abaninzi beye bayekelela umxakatho kwiphulo labo lokufuna uThixo? (b) Yiyiphi imibuzo emele ibuzwe?

² Phofu ke, namhlanje izinto zijikile. Ukubambelela ngokungqongqo kwinkolelo yonqulo kugqalwa ngabaninzi njengokuba nengqondo emfutshane, njengokuzigqatsa, kwananjengokuba nenzondelelo yempambano. Kumazwe amaninzi, sibona ukuxhaphaka kokungakhathali, okanye ukuphelelwa kwabantu ngumdla, kuThixo nakunqulo. Inkoliso yabantu ayisalwenzi uphando ngoThixo kuba ayikholelwa ukuba ukho okanye ayiqinisekanga ngobukho bakhe. Enyanisweni, bambi baye basebenzisa igama elithi “emva kobuKristu” xa bechaza eli xesha lethu. Ngoko ke, kumele kubuzwe le mibuzo: Kutheni le nto abantu beye bamlibala nje uThixo? Ziziphi iimpembelelo ezabangela le nguqulelo? Ngaba zikho izizathu ezivakalayo zokuqhubeka nephulo lokufuna uThixo?

Imiphumo YoHlaziyo

3. Waba yintoni omnye umphumo woHlaziyo lobuProtestanti?

³ Njengoko sibonile kwiSahluko 13, uHlaziyo lobuProtestanti lwenkulungwane ye-16 lwazisa inguqulelo ephawulekayo kwindlela abantu ababeligqala ngayo igunya, elingokonqulo okanye naliphi na elinye. Ukuzithemba nenkululeko yokuvakalisa izimvo zikabani kwathabatha indawo yokuzithoba. Ngoxa inkoliso yabantu isabambelele kunqulo lwesithethe, abanye baye batyeka kulo, bezithandabuza iimfundiso ezisisiseko zeecawa ezimiselweyo. Ukanti abanye, ngokuphawula indima unqulo oluye lwaba nayo kwiimfazwe, kwiingcinezelo, nakokungekho sikweni obekusenzeka ukutyhubela imbali, baye baluthandabuza ngokupheleleyo unqulo.

4. (a) Iingxelo zaloo maxesha ziwuchaza njani umkhamo wokungabukholelwa kwabantu ubukho bukaThixo eNgilani naseFransi ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17? (b) Ngobani abathi bavulelw’ indlela yimigudu eyenziwa ebudeni boHlaziyo yokuzikhulula kwidyokhwe kapopu?

⁴ Emva phayaa ngowe-1572, inqaku elinomxholo othi Ingxelo Ngemeko Yanamhlanje YaseNgilani laphawula oku: “Eli lizwe lahlulahlulwe laba ngamaqela amathathu, elamaRoma Katolika, elabantu abangabukholelwayo ubukho bukaThixo, nelamaProtestanti. Omathathu athandwa ngokufanayo: elokuqala nelesibini, siwathanda ngenxa yokuba anabalandeli abaninzi, asifuni kubadanisa.” Olunye uqikelelo lwabonisa ukuba kwakukho abantu abangama-50 000 abangabukholelwayo ubukho bukaThixo eParis ngowe-1623, nakubeni oko kungakholwa kwabo kwakungeyonto eqine kangako. Phofu ke, kucacile ukuba uHlaziyo, kwilinge lalo lokuphelisa ulawulo lukapopu, lwalubavulel’ indlela abo babesicel’ umngeni isikhundla seenkonzo ezimiselweyo. Kunjengokuba uWill noAriel Durant bechaza kwiThe Story of Civilization: Part VII—The Age of Reason Begins besithi: “Iinkcuba-buchopho zaseYurophu—ezona ngqondi ziphambili kwelaseYurophu—zazingasaxoxi ngegunya likapopu; zaziphikisana ngobukho bukaThixo.”

Ukuhlaselwa Yinzululwazi Nayintanda-bulumko

5. Ziziphi iimpembelelo ezakukhawulezisayo ukungakholelwa kuThixo?

⁵ Ukongezelela ekuqhekekeni kweNgqobhoko, kwakukho ezinye iimpembelelo ezathi zayidodobalisa ngakumbi imeko yayo. Inzululwazi, intanda-bulumko, ukuthi phithi zizinto zehlabathi, nokuthanda izinto eziphathekayo kwaba nendima enkulu ekuveliseni amathandabuzo mayela noThixo nonqulo.

6. (a) Ukwanda kolwazi olungokwenzululwazi kwazichaphazela njani iimfundiso ezininzi zecawa? (b) Yintoni eyenziwa ngabanye ababezigqala besexesheni?

⁶ Ukwanda kolwazi olungokwenzululwazi kwabangela ukuba zithandatyuzwe iimfundiso ezininzi zecawa ezazisekelwe kwingcaciso engachananga yezicatshulwa zeBhayibhile. Ngokomzekelo, okwaphandwa yinzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi ngamadoda anjengoCopernicus noGalileo kwaba lucelomngeni olungqalileyo kwimfundiso esisiseko yecawa yokuba umhlaba usisazulu sendalo iphela. Ngokubhekele phaya, ukuqondwa kwemithetho yemvelo elawula izinto ezenzeka ehlabathini kwenza akwabi yomfuneko ukugqala iziganeko, eziyimfihlelo, njengeendudumo nemibane okanye, kwanokuvela kweenkwenkwezi ezithile neentshakatsholo, njengezibangelwa nguThixo ngokukhethekileyo ngeso sihlandlo. “Imimangaliso” ‘nokungenelela kukaThixo’ kwimicimbi yabantu nako kwathandatyuzwa. Ngequbuliso, uThixo nonqulo wagqalwa njengophelelwe lixesha ngabaninzi, yaye bambi babo babezigqala njengabasexesheni ngokukhawuleza bamnikela umva uThixo baza bathontelana ukuya kunqulo lwenzululwazi abalugqala njengolungcwele gqitha.

7. (a) Yintoni ngokungathandabuzekiyo eyaluntlitha kanobom unqulo? (b) Zasabela njani iicawa kwiingcamango zikaDarwin?

⁷ Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, eyona nto yaluntlitha kanobom unqulo, yayiyingcamango yendaleko. Ngowe-1859 isazinzulu ngezinto eziphilayo esiliNgesi uCharles Darwin (1809-82) wapapasha incwadi yakhe ethi Origin of Species waza wayicel’ umngeni ngokungqalileyo imfundiso yeBhayibhile yokuba izinto zadalwa nguThixo. Zasabela njani iicawa? Ekuqaleni abefundisi baseNgilani nabezinye iindawo bayigatya le ngcamango. Kodwa loo nkcaso yabo yakhawuleza yaphela. Kwakubonakala ngathi iingcamango zikaDarwin zazisetyenziswa njengetyholo lokusithela ngabefundisi abaninzi ababebhuqwa ngamathandabuzo kodwa bekufihla oko. Ngaloo ndlela, ngexesha lokuphila kukaDarwin, “inkoliso yabefundisi abachubekileyo engqondweni baye bafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba indaleko ivisisana ngokupheleleyo nengqiqo ekhanyisiweyo yezibhalo,” itsho njalo iThe Encyclopedia of Religion. Kunokuba ikhusele iBhayibhile, iNgqobhoko yayekelela kwingcinezelo yoluvo olungokwenzululwazi yaza yalandela umndilili. Ngokwenjenjalo, yakusingela phantsi ukukholelwa kuThixo.—2 Timoti 4:3, 4.

8. (a) Yintoni abayithandabuzayo abahlalutyi bonqulo benkulungwane ye-19? (b) Ziziphi ezinye iingcamango ezithandwayo ezaveliswa ngabahlalutyi bonqulo? (c) Kwakutheni ukuze abantu abaninzi bazamkele ngokukhawuleza iingcamango ezichasene nonqulo?

⁸ Njengoko inkulungwane ye-19 yayiphela, abahlalutyi bonqulo baluhlasela ngenkalipho engakumbi. Benganeliswanga kukwalatha nje iintsilelo zeecawa, baqalisa ukuthandabuza kwaisiseko sonqulo. Baphakamisa imibuzo enjengale: Ngubani uThixo? Kutheni le nto kukho imfuneko yoThixo? Ukukholelwa kuThixo kulichaphazele njani ibutho labantu? Amadoda anjengoLudwig Feuerbach, uKarl Marx, uSigmund Freud, noFriedrich Nietzsche bayiphendula loo mibuzo ngokusekelwe kwingcamango yentanda-bulumko, yenzululwazi ngengqondo neyenzululwazi ngezentlalo. Iingcamango ezinjengeyokuba ‘UThixo akayonto yimbi ngaphandle nje kwentelekelelo esengqondweni yomntu,’ ‘Unqulo lusisiyobisi sabantu,’ neyokuba ‘UThixo ufile’ zonke zazivakala zintsha futhi zibangela umdla xa zithelekiswa neemfundiso ezisisiseko kwanezithethe ezifipheleyo nezingekho ngqiqweni zeecawa. Kwabonakala ngathi ekugqibeleni abantu abaninzi babefumene indlela echuliweyo yokuvakalisa amathandabuzo nezikrokro ezazikade zilele ezingqondweni zabo. Bazamkela ngokukhawuleza nangokuvumayo ezi ngcamango njengenyaniso entsha yevangeli.

Ukulalanisa Okukhulu

9. (a) Yintoni eyenziwa ziicawa xa zazihlaselwa yinzululwazi nayintanda-bulumko? (b) Yaba yintoni imiphumo yokulalanisa kweecawa?

⁹ Phantsi kokuhlaselwa nokucikidwa yinzululwazi nentanda-bulumko, yintoni eyenziwa ziicawa? Endaweni yokumela iimfundiso zeBhayibhile, zanikezela kwiingcinezelo zaza zalalanisa kwanakwimibandela esisiseko yenkolelo njengokudalwa kwezinto nguThixo nokuchana kweBhayibhile. Waba yintoni umphumo? Iicawa zeNgqobhoko zaqalisa ukungathembeki, baza abantu abaninzi baphulukana nokholo. Ukusilela kweecawa ukuzikhusela kwazishiya iingcango zivuleke genge ukuze inyambalala yabantu iphume. Kubantu abaninzi, unqulo lwaba yinto nje engokwesithethe sasekuhlaleni, into ubani anokuphawula ngayo iziganeko ezibalulekileyo ebomini bakhe—ukuzalwa, umtshato, ukufa. Abantu abaninzi baye banikezela kwiphulo labo lokufuna uThixo wenyaniso.

10. Yiyiphi imibuzo engxamisekileyo emele iqwalaselwe?

¹⁰ Ngenxa yako konke oku, kusengqiqweni ukubuza ukuba: Ngaba ngenene inzululwazi nentanda-bulumko ziye zakubhangisa ngokupheleleyo ukukholelwa kuThixo? Ngaba ukusilela kweecawa kuthetha ukusilela koko zikubanga zikufundisa, oko kukuthi, iBhayibhile? Eneneni, ngaba kufanele kuqhutyekwe nephulo lokufuna uThixo? Makhe siyihlolisise le mibandela ngokufutshane.

Isizinzi Sokukholelwa KuThixo

11. (a) Ziziphi iincwadi ezimbini ebezisoloko zisisizinzi sokukholelwa kuThixo? (b) Ezi ncwadi zibachaphazele njani abantu?

¹¹ Kuye kwathiwa kukho iincwadi ezimbini ezisixelela ngobukho bukaThixo—“incwadi” yendalo, okanye indalo esingqongileyo, kwakunye neBhayibhile. Ezi zinto ziye zaba sisizinzi senkolelo yezigidi zabantu bamandulo nabanamhlanje. Ngokomzekelo, ukumkani wenkulungwane ye-11 B.C.E., echukunyiswe koko wayekubone kwisibhakabhaka esineenkwenkwezi, wadanduluka ngelombongo esithi: “Izulu libalisa uzuko lukaThixo, saye isibhakabhaka sixela umsebenzi wezandla zakhe.” (INdumiso 19:1) Ngenkulungwane yama-20, omnye usomajukujuku, ejonge imbonakalo enomtsalane yomhlaba ngoxa wayekwisiphekepheke sakhe njengoko sasijikeleza inyanga, washukunyiselwa ekucengcelezeni amazwi athi: “Ekuqalekeni uThixo wadala amazulu nehlabathi.”—Genesis 1:1.

12. Ibihlaselwa njani incwadi yendalo neBhayibhile?

¹² Phofu ke, ezi ncwadi zimbini ziyahlaselwa ngabo bazibanga bengakholelwa kuThixo. Bathi uhlolisiso olungokwenzululwazi lwehlabathi elisingqongileyo luye lwanikela ubungqina bokuba ubomi babakho kungekhona ngokudalwa ngobukrelekrele kodwa ngamabona-ndenzile nangenkqubo yendaleko eyabakho ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngoko ke, bema ngelithi kwakungekho Mdali yaye oko kwalandelwa ngamathandabuzo amaninzi ngokubhekisele kubukho bukaThixo. Ngokubhekele phaya, abaninzi babo bakholelwa ukuba iBhayibhile iphelelwe lixesha yaye ayikho ngqiqweni, ngenxa yoko, ayifanelwanga kukukholelwa. Ngenxa yoko, kubo, akusekho nasiphi na isiseko sokukholelwa kubukho bukaThixo. Ngaba konke oku kuyinyaniso? Zibonisa ntoni izibakala?

Ngaba Yabakho Ngamabona-ndenzile Okanye Yayilwa?

13. Yintoni ekwakuya kufuneka yenzekile ukuze ubomi buvele ngamabona-ndenzile?

¹³ Ukuba kwakungekho Mdali, ngoko ubomi bumele ukuba bavela ngamabona-ndenzile. Ukuze kubekho ubomi, kwakuya kufuneka ukuba ngandlel’ ithile imichiza efanelekileyo idibane ngokwemilinganiselo efanelekileyo, kwiqondo lobushushu nakuxinzelelo lomoya olufanelekileyo kuquka nabanye oothunywashe ababandakanyekileyo, ibe konke oku kwakumele kwenzeke ngomlinganiselo ochanileyo wobude bexesha. Ngokubhekele phaya, ukuze kubekho ubomi emhlabeni nokuze buzinyaswe, kwakuya kufuneka ukuba ezi ziganeko zamabona-ndenzile ziphindaphindwe izihlandlo ezininzi. Kodwa angakanani amathuba akhoyo okwenzeka kwesiganeko nje esinye esinjalo?

14. (a) Kubonakala kuyinto eyayingenakwenzeka njani ukuba iprotini enye yemolekyuli izivelele ngamabona-ndenzile? (b) Izibalo zemathematika ziyichaphazela njani ingcamango yokuba ubomi bavela ngamabona-ndenzile?

¹⁴ Oonondaleko bayavuma ukuba ithuba lokuba iiathom neemolekyuli ezifanelekileyo zinokudibana zize zibumbe iprotini nje enye yemolekyuli lilingana nesinye kwi-10¹¹³, okanye isinye esilandelwa ngoonothi abali-113. Elo nani likhulu kunesimbuku esiqikelelwayo senani leeathom ezikwindalo iphela! Iingcali zemathematika ziyigatya njengengenakuze yenzeke nantoni na enomlinganiselo ongaphantsi kwesinye kwi-10⁵⁰. Kodwa ukuze kubekho ubomi kufuneka okungakumbi lee kuneprotini nje enye yemolekyuli. Kufuneka iiprotini ezahlukeneyo ezinokuba ngama-2 000 ukuze iseli nje enye ikwazi ukusebenza, yaye amathuba okuba zonke zizivelele ngamabona-ndenzile akumlinganiselo wesinye kwi-10^40 000! “Ukuba ubani akanamkhethe ngenxa yeenkolelo anazo zasekuhlaleni okanye uqeqesho olungokwenzululwazi lwenkolelo yokuba ubomi babakho [ngokuzenzekelayo] eMhlabeni, esi sibalo silula siyitshayela kuthi tu loo ngcamango,” sitsho njalo isazi ngeenkwenkwezi uFred Hoyle.

15. (a) Yintoni eye yafunyaniswa zizazinzulu kuhlolisiso lwazo lwezinto ezibonakalayo ehlabathini? (b) Wathini unjingalwazi wezinto ezingaphiliyo ngemithetho yemvelo?

¹⁵ Kwelinye icala, ngokuhlolisisa izinto ezibonakalayo ehlabathini, ukususela kwawona masuntswana mancinane eathom ukusa kwiminyele emikhulu, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba zonke iziganeko ezenzekayo zemvelo zibonakala zilandela imithetho ethile esisiseko. Ngamany’ amazwi, ziye zafumanisa ukulungelelaniswa ngengqiqo nangocwangco kwayo yonke into eyenzekayo ekwindalo iphela, ibe ziye zakwazi ukukuchaza oko kulungelelaniswa ngengqiqo nocwangco ngezibalo ezilula zemathematika. “Zimbalwa izazinzulu ezinokungachukunyiswa kukungantsonkothi okugqithiseleyo nokubalasela kwale mithetho,” wabhala oko unjingalwazi wezinto ezingaphiliyo, uPaul Davies, kwiphephancwadi iNew Scientist.

16. (a) Yiyiphi eminye imilinganiselo engenakuguquka nesisiseko kwimithetho yemvelo? (b) Yintoni ebiya kwenzeka ukuba ubungakanani bale milinganiselo ingenakuguquka bebunokuguqulwa nokuba kukancinane nje? (c) Wagqiba ngelithini unjingalwazi wezinto ezingaphiliyo ngokuphathelele indalo iphela nobukho bethu?

¹⁶ Phofu ke, eyona nto ichukumisa kakhulu ngale mithetho, yeyokuba kuyo kukho izinto ezithile emele imilinganiselo yazo ingqamane twatse nendlela indalo iphela esebenza ngayo, ngokohlobo esiyazi ngalo. Omnye wale milinganiselo ingenakuguquka nesisiseko bubungakanani bamandla ombane akwiproton, ubungakanani bobunzima bamasuntswana athile asisiseko, nomlinganiselo ongenakuguquka wendalo iphela wamandla omxhuzulane, amelwa ngokufuthi ngunobumba ongu-G owafunyanwa ngokaNewton. Mayela noku, uNjingalwazi uDavies uhlabela mgama esithi: “Kwaneyona nguqulelo incinane eyenzeka kule milinganiselo ibiya kuyiguqula ngokupheleleyo inkangeleko yeNdalo Iphela. Ngokomzekelo, uFreeman Dyson uye wabonisa ukuthi ukuba amandla eenucleons (iiprotons neeneutrons) ebenokuthi chatha ngomlinganiselo nje omncinane ekhulwini, iNdalo Iphela ibiya kuphelelwa yihydrogen. Iinkwenkwezi ezinjengeLanga, singasathethi ke ngamanzi, bezingasayi kubakho. Ubomi, njengoko ubuncinane sibazi, bebungenakubakho. UBrandon Carter uye wabonisa ukuba iinguqulelo ezincinane kakhulu ezenzeka kwi-G beziya kuziguqula zonke iinkwenkwezi zibe ziingqimba ezinkulu eziluhlaza okanye iingqakumbana ezibomvu, nto leyo enokuba nomonakalo omkhulu ngokufanayo nakwizinto eziphilayo.” Ngaloo ndlela, uDavies uqukumbela ngelithi: “Kule meko kuyaqondakala ukuba kumele kubekho ummandla omnye weNdalo Iphela. Ukuba oko kunjalo, kuyingcamango ephawulekayo ukwazi ukuba ubukho bethu njengabantu abanengqondo kube ngumphumo ongenakuphepheka wemilinganiselo esengqiqweni.”—Akekeliswe sithi.

17. (a) Kubonisa ntoni ngokucacileyo ukuyilwa nokuba nenjongo kwendalo iphela? (b) Oku kungqinwa njani eBhayibhileni?

¹⁷ Sinokufikelela kwesiphi isigqibo ngako konke oku? Okokuqala, ukuba indalo iphela ilawulwa yimithetho, ngoko kumele kubekho ummisi-mthetho okrelekrele owamisela loo mithetho. Ngokubhekele phaya, ekubeni kubonakala ukuba imithetho elawula ukusebenza kwendalo iphela yayenzelwe ukuzimasa ubomi nezinye iimeko eziluncedo ebomini, ngoko injongo yokuba ibekho izicacele. Ukuyila nenjongo—ezi ayizompawu zamabona-ndenzile; zikoko kanye bekuya kubonakaliswa nguMdali okrelekrele. Ibe oko koko kanye iBhayibhile ikubonisayo xa isithi: “Oko kwazekayo ngoThixo kuyabonakala ngaphakathi kwabo; kuba uThixo wakubonakalalisa kubo. Kuba kwasekudalweni kwehlabathi, iindawo zakhe ezibe zingenakubonwa zibonwa kakuhle, ziqondeke, ngezinto ezenziweyo, kwa-amandla akhe angunaphakade, nobuThixo bakhe.”—Roma 1:19, 20; Isaya 45:18; Yeremiya 10:12.

Ubungqina Obuyintabalala Obusingqongileyo

18. (a) Bunokubonwa phi obunye ubungqina bokuba indalo iphela iyiliwe yaye iyilwe ngenjongo? (b) Yiyiphi imizekelo eqhelekileyo onokuyinikela yoyilo olukrelekrele?

¹⁸ Kambe ke, ubungqina bokuba indalo iphela iyiliwe yaye iyilwe ngenjongo bunokubonwa kungekuphela nje ekusebenzeni kwayo ngocwangco kodwa kwanakwindlela izidalwa eziphilayo, ezincinane nezintsonkothileyo, eziyiphumeza ngayo imisebenzi yazo yemihla ngemihla, kwanakwindlela ezisebenzisana ngayo zona zodwa kwakunye nemeko-bume yendalo. Ngokomzekelo, phantse lungu ngalinye lomzimba wethu—ubuchopho, iliso, indlebe, isandla—liyilwe ngendlela entsonkothe kakhulu kangangokuba inzululwazi yanamhlanje ayinakuyichaza ngokupheleleyo. Kwakhona kukho iindidi ngeendidi zezilwanyana nezezityalo. Ukufuduka kwaminyaka le kweentaka ezithile ezibhabha ngaphezu kwamawaka eekhilomitha ukusuka kumhlaba owomileyo naselwandle, inkqubo yephotosynthesis kwizityalo, ukukhula kweqanda elinye eliqanduselweyo libe yinto ephilayo enezigidi zeeseli ezahlukeneyo nezinemisebenzi ekhethekileyo—xa sikhankanya nje imizekelo embalwa—konke oku kububungqina obubalaseleyo boyilo olukrelekrele.a

19. (a) Ngaba ingcaciso engokwenzululwazi engendlela ezinye izinto ezisebenza ngayo inikela ubungqina bokuba akukho myili ukrelekrele? (b) Yintoni esinokuyifunda ngokuhlolisisa ihlabathi elisingqongileyo?

¹⁹ Phofu ke, bambi bema ngelithi ulwazi olwandisiweyo lwenzululwazi luye lwanikela ingcaciso eninzi ngezi nkqubo zemvelo. Liyinyaniso elokuba, inzululwazi iye yacacisa, ngomkhamo othile, izinto ezininzi ezazikade ziyimfihlelo. Kodwa ukufumanisa komntwana indlela iwotshi esebenza ngayo akunikeli bungqina bokuba loo wotshi ayizange iyilwe ize yenziwe ngumntu othile. Ngokukwanjalo, ukuqonda kwethu iindlela ezimangalisayo ezisebenza ngayo izinto ezininzi ezibonakalayo ehlabathini akunikeli bungqina bokuba akukho myili wazo ukrelekrele. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, okukhona sisiba nolwazi olungakumbi ngehlabathi elisingqongileyo, kokukhona sisiba nobungqina obungakumbi bobukho boMdali okrelekrele, uThixo. Ngaloo ndlela, sínengqondo ephangaleleyo, sinokuvumelana nomdumisi njengoko wavumayo esithi: “Hayi, ukuba zininzi izenzo zakho, Yehova! Zonke ziphela uzenze ngobulumko; uzele umhlaba zizidalwa zakho.”—INdumiso 104:24.

IBhayibhile—Ngaba Unokuyikholelwa?

20. Yintoni ebonisa ukuba ukukholelwa kuThixo akwanelanga ukushukumisela uthile ekumfuneni?

²⁰ Noko ke, ukubukholelwa ubukho bukaThixo, akwanelanga ukubashukumisela abantu ekumfuneni. Namhlanje kukho izigidi zabantu abangakhange bakugatye ngokupheleleyo ukukholelwa kuThixo, kodwa oko akukhange kubashukumisele ekufuneni uThixo. Omnye umphandi-luvo waseMerika uGeorge Gallup, Omnci., uphawula ukuba “eneneni akukho mahluko ungako phakathi kwabantu abahamba icawa nabangayihambiyo xa kufikelelwa kwimibandela yokuqhatha, ukuphepha ukuhlawula irhafu nobusela, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokuba kukho iinkonzo ezininzi zasekuhlaleni.” Wongezelela ukuba “abaninzi basuka nje badibanise iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo abakholiswayo zizo yaye oko abakuboni kulucelomngeni. Omnye walubiza unqulo ngokuthi luyingxubevange. Obo bobona buthathaka buyintloko bobuKristu kweli lizwe [U.S.A.] namhlanje: Abanayo inkolelo ababambelele kuyo ngokuqinileyo.”

21, 22. (a) Yintoni eyenza iBhayibhile ibe yincwadi ebalaseleyo? (b) Bubuphi ubungqina obusisiseko bokuchana kweBhayibhile? Cacisa.

²¹ Ubukhulu becala obo “buthathaka buyintloko” bubangelwa kukungabi nalwazi nokholo eBhayibhileni. Kodwa sisiphi isizinzi esikhoyo sokukholelwa eBhayibhileni? Okokuqala, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba ukuhla ukutyhubela izizukulwana, phantse ukuba ayikho enye incwadi eye yagxekwa, yagculelwa, yathiywa yaza yahlaselwa ngokungekho sikweni njengeBhayibhile. Kanti, iye yasinda kuko konke oko yaza yaba yeyona ncwadi iguqulelwa nesasazwa ngokubanzi embalini. Oko kukodwa nje kuyenza iBhayibhile ibe yincwadi ebalaseleyo. Kodwa kukho ubungqina obuyintabalala, nobeyisayo, bokuba iBhayibhile iyincwadi ephefumlelwe nguThixo nesifanele siyikholelwe.—Bona ibhokisi, kwiphepha 340-1.

²² Nakubeni abantu abaninzi baye ngandlel’ ithile bayigqala iBhayibhile njengengangqinelaniyo nenzululwazi, eziphikisayo nephelelwe lixesha, izibakala zibonisa ukuba ayinjalo. Indlela ekhethekileyo ebhalwe ngayo, ukuchana kwayo ngokwembali nangokwenzululwazi, neziprofeto zayo ezichanileyo konke oku kukhokelela kwisigqibo esinye esingenakuphetshwa sokuba: IBhayibhile iliLizwi likaThixo eliphefumlelweyo. Kunjengokuba umpostile uPawulos ekuchaza oku ngale ndlela: ‘Sonke iSibhalo siphefumlelwe nguThixo yaye siluncedo.’—2 Timoti 3:16.

Ukuhlangabezana Nocelomngeni Lokungabikho Kokholo

23. Sinokugqiba ngelithini ngokubhekisele kwiBhayibhile xa sihlolisisa izibakala?

²³ Njengoko siye saqwalasela ubungqina obuvela kwincwadi yendalo nakwiBhayibhile, sinokugqiba ngelithini? Ngokucacileyo nje, sinokugqiba kwelokuba ezi ncwadi zibalulekile namhlanje njengoko bezisoloko zinjalo. Xa sikulungele ukuwuhlolisisa lo mbandela ngengqondo ephangaleleyo kunokuba siphenjelelwe ziingcamango ebesinazo ngaphambili, sifumanisa ukuba nakuphi na ukuphikisa esinako kunokoyiswa ngendlela esengqiqweni. Isicombululo siyafumaneka, ukuba nje thina sikulungele ukusifuna. UYesu wathi, “Funani, nofumana.”—Mateyu 7:7; IZenzo 17:11.

24. (a) Kutheni le nto abaninzi beye bayekelela umxakatho kwiphulo labo lokufuna uThixo? (b) Sinokuthuthuzelwa yintoni? (c) Yintoni eza kuqwalaselwa kwinxalenye eseleyo yale ncwadi?

²⁴ Kuhlolisiso lokugqibela, sifumanise ukuba inkoliso yabantu abaye bayekelela umxakatho kwiphulo labo lokufuna uThixo abenzanga njalo kuba beye babuhlolisisa ngenyameko ubungqina baza bayifumanisa iBhayibhile inganyanisanga. Kunoko, abaninzi babo baye batyekiswa kukusilela kweNgqobhoko ukumela uThixo wenyaniso weBhayibhile. Kunjengokuba umbhali waseFransi uP. Valadier wathi: “Sisithethe sobuKristu esabangela ukuba abantu bangabukholelwa ubukho bukaThixo; sakhokelela ekubeni abantu bamkhuphe ngokupheleleyo uThixo ezingqondweni zabo kuba sabafundisa ngoThixo ongakholelekiyo.” Ekubeni oko kusenokuba njalo, ngoko simele sithuthuzelwe ngamazwi ompostile uPawulos athi: “Kuyini na khona, ukuba abathile abakholwanga? Ukungakholwa kwabo kokuphuthisa na ukuthembeka kukaThixo? Nakanye! UThixo yena makabe nenyaniso, bonke abantu ke babe ngamaxoki.” (Roma 3:3, 4) Ewe, sinezizathu ezininzi zokuqhubeka nephulo lokufuna uThixo wenyaniso. Kwizahluko eziseleyo zale ncwadi, siza kubona indlela eli phulo eliye laphunyezwa ngayo ngokunempumelelo noko ikamva likufumbathele uluntu.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 340, 341]

Ubungqina Bokuba IBhayibhile Ichanile

Indlela Ekhethekileyo Ebhalwe Ngayo: Ukususela kwincwadi yayo yokuqala, iGenesis, ukusa kweyokugqibela, ISityhilelo, iBhayibhile ibunjwe ziincwadi ezingama-66 ezibhalwe ngababhali abanokuba ngama-40 ababephila kwiimeko ezahlukene kakhulu ngokwezentlalo, ngokwezemfundo nangokwemvelaphi. Yabhalwa kwithuba elingaphezu kweenkulungwane ezili-16, ukususela ngowe-1513 B.C.E. ukusa kowama-98 C.E. Kanti, ekugqibeleni iye yaba yincwadi evisisanayo nebumbeneyo, ebalaselisa ukutyhilwa okulungelelanisiweyo komxholo omkhulu—ukuthethelelwa kukaThixo nenjongo yakhe ngoBukumkani obungoMesiya.—Bona ibhokisi, kwiphepha 241.

Ukuchana Kwayo Ngokwembali: Iziganeko ezibhalwe eBhayibhileni zivisisana ngokupheleleyo nezibakala ezivunyiweyo ezingokwembali. Incwadi ethi A Lawyer Examines the Bible inikela la magqabaza: “Ngoxa amabali aqikelelwayo, nobungqina bobuxoki bucwangciswa ngenyameko ukuze bungqamane neziganeko zamazwe akude nezexesha lamandulo, . . . imbali yeBhayibhile isinika ixesha nendawo engqamana ngokuchanileyo nokwenzeka kweziganeko.” (Hezekile 1:1-3) Yaye iThe New Bible Dictionary ithi: “[Umbhali weZenzo] uchaza ngembali esekelwe kwizinto zaloo maxesha; ingxelo yakhe izaliswe ziimbekiselo zoomantyi besixeko, iirhuluneli zesiphaluka, ookumkani abaphantsi kwegunya, nezinye iingxelo ezifanayo, ibe kumaxesha ngamaxesha ezi ngxelo zingqineka zichanile ngokwendawo nangokwamaxesha okwenzeka kwazo.”—IZenzo 4:5, 6; 18:12; 23:26.

Ukuchana Kwayo Ngokwenzululwazi: Imithetho yokwahlulwa kwabantu abanezifo ezasulelayo neyococeko yanikelwa kumaSirayeli kwincwadi yeLevitikus ngoxa iintlanga ezaziwangqongile zazingazi nto ngoqheliselo olunjalo. Umjikelo wemvula nomphunga ovela kwiilwandlekazi, owawungaziwa kumaxesha amandulo, uchazwe kwiNtshumayeli 1:7. Isibakala sokuba umhlaba ungqukuva yaye umi esithubeni, esingazange singqinelwe yinzululwazi de kwangenkulungwane ye-16, siboniswe kuIsaya 40:22 nakuYobhi 26:7. Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-2 200 ngaphambi kokuba uWilliam Harvey apapashe iingxelo awazifumanayo ezingokuhamba kwegazi, IMizekeliso 4:23 yachaza indima yentliziyo yomntu. Ngaloo ndlela, ngoxa iBhayibhile ingeyoncwadi yesikhokelo engokwenzululwazi, xa ichaphazela imibandela ehlobene nenzululwazi, inikela ukuqonda okunzulu, kude lee ngaphambi kokuba oko kuqondwe ngokwenzululwazi.

Ukuchana Kweziprofeto: Ukutshatyalaliswa kweTire yamandulo, ukuwa kweBhabhiloni, ukwakhiwa kwakhona kweYerusalem, nokuvela kwanokuwa kokumkani wamaMedi namaPersi nowaseGrisi kwaxelwa kwangaphambili ngokweenkcukacha ezichane kangangokuba abahlalutyi bafane baphikisa, ngokulilize, ngelithi ezo ngxelo zabhalwa emva kokwenzeka kwazo. (Isaya 13:17-19; 44:27–45:1; Hezekile 26:3-7, Daniyeli 8:1-7; 20-22) Iziprofeto ezingoYesu ezaxelwa kwithuba elingangeenkulungwane ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe zazaliseka ngokweenkcukacha. (Bona ibhokisi, kwiphepha 245.) Iziprofeto zikaYesu ubuqu ezingokutshatyalaliswa kweYerusalem zazaliseka ngokuchanileyo. (Luka 19:41-44; 21:20, 21) Iziprofeto ezingemihla yokugqibela ezanikelwa nguYesu nangumpostile uPawulos ziyazaliseka kwixesha lethu. (Mateyu 24; Marko 13; Luka 21; 2 Timoti 3:1-5) Kanti, iBhayibhile ithi zonke iziprofeto ziphuma kuMthombo omnye, uYehova uThixo.—2 Petros 1:20, 21.

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 333]

UDarwin, uMarx, uFreud, uNietzsche nabanye bavelisa iingcamango ezakusingela phantsi ukukholelwa kuThixo

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 335]

“Incwadi” yendalo neBhayibhile zinikela isiseko sokukholelwa kuThixo

[Umzobo/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 337]

Izinto eziphilayo nendalo iphela bezingenakubakho ukuba bekunokubakho inguqulelo nje encinane koothunywashe abathile abayiliweyo

[Umzobo]

(Ukuba ufuna inkcazelo ehlahlelwe kakuhle, yiya kwimpapasho)

AMASUNTSWANA EHYDROGEN ATOM

IELECTRON

IPROTON + INucleus

IElectron Shell —

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 338]

Okukhona sisiba nolwazi olungakumbi ngehlabathi elisingqongileyo, kokukhona sisiba nobungqina obungakumbi bobukho boMdali okrelekrele