Ukujamelana Neengxaki Zedlala Lesinyi
“Xa ndandineminyaka engama-54 ubudala, ndaqalisa ukuchama ngokuphindaphindiweyo, maxa wambi rhoqo emva kwemizuzu engama-30. Oku kwafuna ukuba ndibonane nogqirha, yaye ndafumanisa ukuba kufuneka ndisuswe idlala lesinyi.” Iingxelo ezifana nale zixhaphakile kwiikliniki zamadlala esinyi kwihlabathi jikelele. Yintoni enokwenziwa yindoda ukuze ithintele ukuba nesifo sedlala lesinyi? Kunini apho ifanele ifune icebiso lezamayeza?
IDLALA LESINYI lidlala elimile okwenqoba yewalnut elisezantsi kwesinyi yaye lijikeleze umbhobho ohamba umchamo ukusuka kwisinyi. (Bona umfanekiso wamarhorho [pelvis] endoda.) Kwindoda ekubudala obuqhelekileyo, liba nobunzima obuziigrams ezingama-20 nomlinganiselo oziisentimitha ezi-4 nobude obuziisentimitha ezi-3, ukuphakama okuziisentimitha ezi-2 kuquka ububanzi balo. Umsebenzi walo kukuvelisa incindi emalunga nomlinganiselo wama-30 ekhulwini kumthamo wamadlozi. Le ncindi, inecitric acid, icalcium nee-enzymes, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba inceda amadlozi akwazi ukuhamba yaye avelise inzala. Ngaphezu koko, incindi eveliswa lidlala lesinyi iquka izinc, ezithi izazinzulu ikhusela amalungu okuzala kwizifo ezosulelayo.
Ukuphawula Ukugula Kwedlala Lesini
Iqela lezifo eziphakathi kwamarhorho emadodeni zayamene nokukrala okanye amathumba edlala lesini. IProstatitis—ukukrala kwedlala lesinyi—kunokubangela icesina, ukuchama kabuhlungu, amanqe okanye ukuqaqanjelwa sisinyi. Xa idlala lesinyi lidumbe kakhulu, linokwenza umguli angakwazi ukuchama. Ukuba ukukrala kubangelwa yintsholongwane, eso sifo sibizwa ngokuba yibacterial prostatitis, yaye sinokuqaqamba kakhulu okanye singanyangeki. Ngokuqhelekileyo sinxulunyaniswa nokuthungelana kosuleleko lomchamo. Noko ke, kwiimeko ezininzi akaziwa ncam unobangela woku kukrala kwalo, yaye ngenxa yoko esi sifo sibizwa ngokuba yinonbacterial prostatitis.
Iingxaki zedlala lesinyi eziqhelekileyo kukusoloko usiya kuchama rhoqo, uye kuchama nasebusuku, ukuphuma kancinane komchamo nokuziva ngathi awukhange ugqibe. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi mpawu zibonisa ukuba kukho ibenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)—ukudumba kwedlala lesinyi okungenanto yakwenza nomhlaza—enokuhlasela amadoda aneminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 ubudala. Amathuba okuhlaselwa yiBPH aya esanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Yenzeka ngomlinganiselo wama-25 ekhulwini kumadoda aneminyaka engama-55 ubudala ize ibe ngumlinganiselo wama-50 ekhulwini kwaneminyaka engama-75 ubudala.
Idlala lesinyi lisenokuhlaselwa ngamathumba ayingozi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umhlaza wedlala lesinyi uyafunyaniswa nakuhlolisiso nje oluqhelekileyo, nkqu nokuba akukho mpawu zesifo sedlala lesinyi. Kwiimeko ezinzima, umchamo usenokungakwazi ukuphuma ngenxa yokudumba kwesinyi. Xa loo mhlaza udlulela nakwamanye amalungu omzimba, umqolo usenokuqaqamba, kuvele iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo nokudumba kwemilenze ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwencindi ethambisa izicwili zezihlunu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iUnited States kuphela iye yanikela ingxelo yeziganeko ezitsha ezimalunga nama-300 000 zomhlaza wedlala lesinyi nezingama-41 000 zokufa okubangelwa lilo. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ngumlinganiselo wama-30 ekhulwini kumadoda aphakathi kweminyaka engama-60 ukusa kwengama-69 ubudala yaye ngumlinganiselo wama-67 kumadoda aphakathi kweminyaka engama-80 nengama-89 ubudala aya kuba nomhlaza wedlala lesinyi.
Ngubani Osemngciphekweni Wokuhlaselwa Nguwo?
Uphando lutyhila ukuba amathuba okuba nomhlaza wedlala lesinyi anda ngokukhawuleza emva kobudala beminyaka engama-50. EUnited States, lo mhlaza uqheleke ngokuphindwe kabini kumadoda antsundu kunokuba kunjalo kulawo amhlophe. Indlela yokuhlasela kwesi sifo iyahluka ehlabathini lonke, sinomlinganiselo ophakamileyo eMntla Merika nakumazwe aseYurophu, uphakathi nje kuMzantsi Merika yaye uphantsi eAsia. Oku kubonisa ukuba ukwahluka kwemeko-bume okanye ukutya kusenokuba nendima ebonakalayo ekukhuleni komhlaza wedlala lesinyi. Ukuba indoda ifudukela kwilizwe esixhaphakileyo kulo, amathuba ayo okuba naso anokwanda.
Amadoda anezalamane ezinomhlaza wedlala lesinyi asemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nawo. UMbutho Womhlaza WaseMerika ucacisa uthi: “Ukuba notata okanye umntakwenu onomhlaza wedlala lesinyi oko kuwaphinda kabini amathuba okuba nesi sifo.” Abanye oothunywashe baso kukukhula, uhlanga, ubuzwe, imbali yentsapho, uhlobo lokutya nokungawusebenzisi umzimba. Amadoda atya ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi aze ahlale nje angenzi nto andisa amathuba awo okuba nalo mhlaza.
Ukuthintela Izifo Zedlala Lesinyi
Nangona izazinzulu zingekamazi kakuhle oyena nobangela womhlaza wedlala lesinyi, zikholelwa ukuba imfuza namadlala zisenokuba ngoonobangela ababandakanyekileyo. Okuvuyisayo kukuba, singakwazi ukuzilawula zombini ezi meko—ukutya nokungasebenzisi umzimba. UMbutho Womhlaza WaseMerika uncomela ukuba “kuncitshiswe ukudla ukutya okunamafutha ezilwanyana amaninzi kuze kukhethwe inkoliso yokutya okuvela kwizityalo.” Uncomela nokuba kutyiwe “iintlobo ezintlanu okanye ngaphezulu zeziqhamo nemifuno suku ngalunye” kwanesonka, iicereals, ipasta, nezinye imveliso zokutya okuziinkozo, irayisi neembotyi. Iitumato, iimbambusi (grapefruit), nevatala zinelycopene eninzi—ichiza eliyiantioxidant elinceda ekuthinteleni ukonakala kweDNA yaye lisenokunceda ukunciphisa amathuba okufumana umhlaza wedlala lesinyi. Ezinye iingcali zithi iingcambu nezimbiwa ezithile zinokunceda.
UMbutho Womhlaza WaseMerika noMbutho Ohlola Umchamo WaseMerika ukholelwa ukuba inkqubo yokuhlolwa komhlaza wedlala lesinyi inokubusindisa ubomi. Unyango lunokuphumelela ngakumbi xa lo mhlaza ufunyaniswe kwangethuba. Ngenxa yabo banamathuba amaninzi okufumana lo mhlaza, uMbutho Womhlaza WaseMerika uncomela ukuba amadoda aneminyaka engaphezu kwama-50, okanye ama-45, aye kuhlolwa ngugqirha rhoqo ngonyaka.a
Olu hlolisiso lufanele lubandakanye inkqubo yokuhlolwa kwegazi ebizwa ngokuba yiprostate-specific antigen (PSA). Le antigen yiprotini eveliswa ziiseli zedlala lesinyi. Iba ninzi xa kukho isifo sedlala lesinyi. UMbutho Womhlaza WaseMerika uthi: “Ukuba kukho okungalunganga kuvavanyo lwePSA, cela ugqirha wakho akuchazele ngamathuba okufumana lo mhlaza nemfuneko yovavanyo olungakumbi.” Kubandakanywa nohlolisiso olwenziwa ngomnwe kundonci olubizwa ngokuba yidigital rectal exam (DRE). Kundonci womguli, ugqirha unokuva nayiphi na indawo engemanga kakuhle kwidlala lesinyi, ekubeni lingaphambi kondonci. (Bona umfanekiso wamarhorho endoda kwiphepha 16.) Uvavanyo lwetransrectal ultrasound (TRUS) luluncedo “xa iPSA okanye iDRE zibonisa undonakele othile” yaye ugqirha kufuneka agqibe enoba ufanele ancomele ukuxilongwa kwedlala lesinyi kusini na. Olu vavanyo luthabatha malunga nemizuzu engama-20.
Ukongezelela ekufumaniseni ngomhlaza wedlala lesinyi, ngokuhlolwa komchamo rhoqo ngonyaka kunokufunyaniswa enoba kukho iBPH, ekubhekiselwe kuyo ekuqaleni, eyenza unyango lungabi yongozi. (Bona ibhokisi ethi “Unyango LweBPH.”) Ihambo yokuziphatha kakuhle iyamkhusela ubani kwizifo ezosulelayo, ezinokubangela iprostatis.
Ngokuqinisekileyo idlala lesinyi lakho lifanele likhuselwe yaye linyanyekelwe. Indoda ekhankanywe ekuqaleni kweli nqaku yachaza ukuba yaphila qete kutyando lwayo. Ivakalelwa kukuba “onke amadoda afanele ahlolwe ngugqirha rhoqo ngonyaka ukuze kuthintelwe oku,” nokuba sele engenazo naziphi na iimpawu.
[Umbhalo osemazantsi]
a Ukuba ukolu luhlu ngobudala, uyacelwa ukuba uqwalasele ibhokisi ethi “Isalathisi seempawu zeBenign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH).”
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 17]
Isalathisi Seempawu ZeBenign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Ulwalathiso: Phendula le mibuzo ingezantsi ngokurhangqa inani elifanelekileyo.
Imibuzo 1-6 ifanele iphendulwe ngale ndlela:
0—Akunjalo konke konke
1—Ngaphantsi kwesihlandlo esinye kwezihlanu
2—Ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha selo xesha
3—Malunga nesiqingatha selo xesha
4—Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha selo xesha
5—Phantse ngalo lonke ixesha.
1. Kwinyanga edluleyo, kube kangaphi usithi emva kokuba ugqibile ukuchama uzive ngathi awukhange ugqibe? 0 1 2 3 4 5
2. Kwinyanga edluleyo, kube kangaphi uquqa ubuyelela ukuya kuchama emva kwexesha nje elingaphantsi kweeyure ezimbini? 0 1 2 3 4 5
3. Kwinyanga edluleyo, kube kangaphi ufumanisa ukuba uyayeka uphinde uqale phantsi izihlandlo eziliqela xa uchama? 0 1 2 3 4 5
4. Kwinyanga edluleyo, kube kangaphi ukufumanisa kunzima ukuminca umchamo? 0 1 2 3 4 5
5. Kwinyanga edluleyo, kube kangaphi uthontsiza xa uchama? 0 1 2 3 4 5
6. Kwinyanga edluleyo, kube kangaphi apho kuye kwafuneka utyhale ngamandla xa uchama? 0 1 2 3 4 5
7. Kwinyanga edluleyo, ngokomlinganiselo ibe zizihlandlo ezingaphi apho kuye kwafuneka uvuke ebusuku usiya kuchama? (Rhangqa inani lezihlandlo) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Isimbuku samanani owarhangqileyo linani leempawu zakho zeBPH. Eliphantsi: 0-7, eliphakathi: 8-19, eligqithiseleyo: 20-35.
[Inkcazelo]
Ivela kuMbutho Ohlola Umchamo WaseMerika
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 18]
Unyango LweBPH
◼ IZIYOBISI: Maninzi amayeza ahlukahlukeneyo asetyenziswayo, ngokweempawu zomguli ngamnye. Ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokukumisela ngawo.
◼ UKUNIKELA INGQALELO: Umguli unexesha lokuhlolwa ngamayeza kuphela yaye akufuneki asebenzise iziyobisi.
◼ UNYANGO LOTYANDO:
(a) Kutyando lokuncwela iinxalenye ezithile zedlala lesinyi (TURP), ugqirha ufaka kumbhobho ohamba umchamo iresectoscope isixhobo esinezinto zombane zokusika izicwili zize zivale imithambo yegazi. Akukho tyando kufuneka lwenziwe ngaphandle. Luthabatha malunga nemizuzu engama-90. Zincinane iingozi zokuncwela iinxalenye zedlala lesinyi kunezotyando olwenziwa ngaphandle ngezinye iindlela.
(b) Utyando lokuvula umbhobho ohamba umchamo (TUIP) luyafana neTURP. Noko ke, kule inkqubo kwandiswa umbhobho ohamba umchamo ngokusika iindawana ezimbalwa ekudibaneni kwawo nesinyi nakwidlala lesinyi.
(c) Utyando lwangaphandle. Lwenziwa xa olo lwenziwa ngaphakathi lungenakwenziwa ngenxa yokukhula kwedlala lesinyi ngokugqithiseleyo. Utyando lwangaphandle lutyando oluqhelekileyo olwenziwa emzimbeni.
(d) Utyando olwenziwa ngelitha. Kukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo esinelitha elinamandla ukuze likrazule ngokutshisa izicwili zedlala lesinyi ezixabileyo.
Umguli ufanele enze isigqibo sokugqibela, ukuba kukho naluphi na unyango aya kulwamkela. Ingxelo yakutshanje kwiphephandaba iThe New York Times yabonisa ukuba ezinye iingcali ziyakuthandabuza nokuvavanywa komhlaza wedlala lesinyi, ngokukodwa kumadoda akhulileyo, kuba “usenokuba sisifo esingahambeli ndawo esingenako ukubangela ingozi empilweni, ngoxa unyango lwawo lunokusoloko luvelisa iingxaki ezinzulu.”
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 18]
Imibuzo Osenokuyibuza Kugqirha Wakho Ngaphambi Kotyando
1. Luluphi utyando oluncomelayo?
2. Kutheni ndifanele ndityandwe nje?
3. Ngaba zikho ezinye iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa endaweni yotyando?
4. Ziziphi iingenelo zokutyandwa?
5. Ziziphi iingozi ezinokubangelwa lolo tyando? (Ngokomzekelo, ukopha ngokugqithiseleyo okanye ukuphelelwa ngamandla)
6. Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba andilufumani olu tyando?
7. Ndinokulufumana phi uluvo lwesibini?
8. Ngawaphi amava onawo ekwenzeni olu tyando ngaphandle kokutofela igazi?
9. Luza kwenzelwa phi olu tyando? Ngaba oogqirha nabongikazi beso sibhedlele bayawahlonela amalungelo omguli ngokuphathelele ukutofelwa igazi?
10. Luhlobo luni lokudoma oluza kufuneka? Ngaba lowo uza kundidoma unamava kutyando olwenziwa ngaphandle kokutofela igazi?
11. Kuya kuthabatha ixesha elingakanani ngaphambi kokuba ndibuyele kwimeko yesiqhelo?
12. Luya kuxabisa malini olu tyando?
[Umzobo okwiphepha 16]
(Ukuba ufuna inkcazelo ehlahlelwe kakuhle, yiya kwimpapasho)
Umfanekiso wamarhorho endoda
Isinyi
Idlala lesinyi
Undonci
Umbhobho ohamba umchamo
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 19]
Ukutya okunempilo nokuzilolonga okufanelekileyo kusenokunceda ekunciphiseni amathuba okufumana umhlaza wedlala lesinyi