Ingingqi Ekhethekileyo Yeentyatyambo
NGUMBHALELI KAVUKANI! EMZANTSI AFRIKA
EMVA kokulungelelanisa iqela leentyatyambo ezivela eAfrika, ingcali ngezityalo yenkulungwane ye-18 uCarolus Linnaeus wathi indawo ezivela kuyo “yila paradesi isemhlabeni, iCape of Good Hope, awathi uMenzi Wezinto Ezilungileyo wayambesa ngezinto Zakhe zodidi oluphezulu.”
Ezi zinto zibizwa ngokuba zezodidi oluphezulu zifumaneka kummandla ogubungela incam esemazantsi eAfrika. AmaDatshi aza kuhlala apha alubiza olu hlaza lugubungele lo mmandla ngokuthi yifijnbosch, oko kukuthi “ityholo elihle” okanye “imithana emihle.” Kuba ibinzana elithi fijn lithetha into “encinane,” oku kunokuba kwakubhekisela kumagqabi amancinane kunye nezityalo kuquka nemithana ebhityileyo ekhula kulo mmandla. Ekuhambeni kwexesha ibinzana elithi fijnbosch laba “ngufynbos.” Amagqabi efynbos anokuba mancinane aze aqine, kodwa iintyatyambo zayo zinkulu gqitha, yaye zinemibala nokumila okuhle ngendlela emangalisayo.
Ingingqi yeFynbos ikwindawo yeentyatyambo eyahlukileyo kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi—ummandla Weentyatyambo WaseKoloni.a Nangona le ndawo igubungela ummandla omncinane, ineendidi ezininzi zezityalo ezahlukahlukeneyo—omnye umthombo uthi ezingaphezu kwama-8 550—ezimbini kwezintathu kwelo nani azifumaneki kwenye indawo apha emhlabeni.
KwiNtaba Yetafile kuphela, kufunyenwe iindidi zezityalo ezili-1 470! Ehlomla, ulindixesha iNew Scientist uthi, “ezi zityalo zingaphezu kwezifumaneka kwiziqithi zaseBritani ziphela.” Noko ke, ifynbos ibe nempembelelo nakwezinye iindawo zomhlaba. Njani?
Iindidi Ezimangalisayo
Ukuba kukho isityalo esiyigeranium esihleli efestileni yakho, kusenokwenzeka ukuba unyamekela isityalo esivela kummandla weFynbos. Kwiindidi zezityalo ezingama-250 ezizikhulelayo emhlabeni, ezingaphezu kwesibini esithathwini zifumaneka kwingingqi yeFynbos.
Ngaphezu koko, enye kwiintyatyambo ezintathu kwezili-1 800 zohlobo lweIridaceae zikhula apha, kuquka nezingaphezu kwama-72 zegladioli ezingafumaneki kwenye indawo ehlabathini. Kwincam ekumazantsi eAfrika kukhula iindidi zedaisies nezevygies, ezili-1 646.b Zona ziquka iieverlasting, ezihlala ziqaqambile yaye kangangeminyaka bezisetyenziswa ekwenzeni iintyatyambo ezomisiweyo.
Noko ke, into ebalasele ngayo iFynbos, sisityalo sayo esiba neentyatyambo esibizwa ngokuba yierica okanye iheath. Enoba uyakholelwa okanye akunjalo, iFynbos ineendidi ze-erica ezingama-625, kwezingama-740 ezikhoyo ehlabathini lonke!
ISugar-Bush Nengcungcu
ULinnaeus wahlolisisa olunye uhlobo lweentyatyambo zeFynbos ezimile ngendlela eyahlukeneyo ngokungaqhelekanga. Wazibiza ngokuba ziiProtea (ilungu lohlobo lweProteaceae) igama elivela kuthixo wamaGrike uProteus, ekwakukholelwa ukuba uyatshintsha abe ziziqu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Xa zizonke, iindidi zeprotea ezingama-328 zivela kwingingqi yeFynbos. Hayi indlela okubangel’ imincili ngayo ukunyuka iintaba zaseKoloni uze ngequbuliso ubone eyona protea inkulu! Maxa wambi intyatyambo yayo enkulu ingaphezulu kobuso bomntu.
Olunye uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lweprotea yisugar-bush. Iintyatyambo zalo mthi zifana neekomityi, yaye zinencindi eninzi. Abemi bamandulo kulo mmandla babedla ngokushukumisa ezi ntyatyambo baze bakhongozele le ncindi, baze kamva bayibilise benze incindi emnandi.
Ingcungcu yaseKoloni—isidalwa esifumaneka kwingingqi yeeFynbos kuphela—nayo iyayithanda incindi yeprotea. Ngomlomo nolwimi lwayo olude, ingcungcu ifunxa le ncindi yezi ntyatyambo ize yona incede ezi ntyatyambo ngokuthwala umungu ukusuka kwenye intyatyambo ukuya kwenye—indlela efanelekileyo yokusasaza imbewu. Ngaphezu koko, ingcungcu itya izinambuzane ezincinane ezitsaleleka kwiintyatyambo ezinkulu. Ngoko, intaka nentyatyambo, enye ifuna enye ukuze ikwazi ukuphila.
Enye Intsebenziswano Ebalulekileyo
Ezinye iintyatyambo zeprotea ziba kufutshane nomhlaba, zisithele ngaphantsi kolunye uhlaza. Iimpuku zitsaleleka kwivumba elingathi lelegwele elivela kwezi protea. Ngokucinezela iintloko zazo kwiintyatyambo, ezi iimpuku zisela le ncindi zize zidlulele kwezinye iiprotea, zithuthe umungu eziwuqokelele ngobuso bazo obunoboya. Ngoko impuku yasendle neeprotea ziyasebenzisana ukuze ziphile.
Kukho ulwalamano olufanayo phakathi kweentyatyambo ze-erica kunye nengcungcu eqaqambileyo enesifuba esinombala weorenji, efumaneka kuphela kwingingqi yeFynbos. Kuba zimile ngokungathi yimibhobho egotyiweyo, ezi ntyatyambo ziwulungele umlomo wengcungcu. Xa le ntaka ifaka umlomo wayo ukuze ifunxe incindi, intloko yayo iqokelela umungu. Ukutyhubela unyaka iierica ezidubulileyo zanelisa iimfuno zengcungcu, yaye izityalo ziyangenelwa kwinkonzo yeentaka yokusasaza imbewu. Hayi indlela okuluyolo ngayo ukusebenza kufuphi nentaba uze ubukele intsebenziswano enje ukumangalisa!
Nezinye izidalwa ezininzi eziphilayo zibalulekile kwiFynbos. Ngokomzekelo, ibhabhathane elibizwa ngokuba yinzwakazi yeNtaba Yetafile ngumsasazi okhethekileyo wembewu yeendidi ezili-15 zeentyatyambo ezibomvu. Olunye uhlobo lwezi ntyatyambo yidisa yodumo, ehombise iNtaba Yetafile.
Kukwakho neentuku ezithile ezitya iingcambu zesityalo zohlobo lweorchid, ilily kunye neiris. Iintuku zaseKoloni zithwala ezi ngcambu ziye kuzigcina kwimingxuma yazo. Njengoko zihamba ezinye ziyawa okanye ezinye zingazityi sele zisemngxunyeni, yaye ngokuqhelekileyo ziyamila zize zikhule.
Amakhulu ezityalo zeFynbos avelisa amasuntswana athambileyo, anamafutha ezingcanjini nanevumba elimnandi, iimbovane ezingakwaziyo ukuzibamba xa ziliva. Emva kokubamba le “miqheba,” iimbovane zigqumelela le mbewu ngaphantsi komhlaba. Emva koko, iimbovane zitya la masuntswana athambileyo, kodwa aziyityi imbewu eqinileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, imbewu engaphantsi komhlaba, ekhuselekileyo ezintakeni nakwiimpuku, kamva inokuntshula.
Ukusuk’ apho kukho iimpukane ezinombhobho omde, okanye umboko omde, ophuma emlonyeni wazo. Ezi mpukane zezona zifanelekayo ekusasazeni imbewu yezityalo zeFynbos ezineentyatyambo ezimile okwemibhobho emide. Enye impukane inombhobho onokuba ziisentimitha ezisibhozo. Ngokwenene, intsebenziswano ibalulekile ukuze iFynbos iqhubeke ikho!
Ingozi Yokuphela Kwentsebenziswano
Kwincwadi ethi An Introduction to Fynbos, umlondolozi wendalo uT. F. J. van Rensburg uthi: “Ibuhlungu into yokuba uMntu, obekwe ukuba anyamekele iNdalo, ngeendlela ezininzi abe ngoyena ubekek’ ityala ngokutshatyalaliswa kweendawo zemvelo ezininzi.” Eneneni, umonakalo omkhulu wenzeke ngethuba nje elifutshane ngokwentelekiso, njengoko uGqr. Piet van Wyk ecacisa: “Kwiminyaka enokuba ngama-300 ukususela kwinkqubo yamathanga, amatyholo amafutshane efynbos aye atshatyalaliswa kwaza kwenziwa iinguqulelo ezithile kwiindawo ezazinawo kangangokuba kusele ifynbos engama-31 ekhulwini kuphela kuleyo yayikho ekuqaleni. Sele kutshatyalaliswe iindidi zefynbos ezingama-39, ngoxa ezili-1 033 ziye zayeka ukuba zezisongelweyo zaba zezingqongophele gqitha.”
Izenzo zoMntu zikwasongela ulwalamano olukhoyo phakathi kwezilwanyana nezityalo zeFynbos. Incwadi ethi Table Mountain—A Natural Wonder, ithi: “Izazi ngezinto zendalo kukhona ziqala ukuluqonda ulwalamano olunobugoci-goci oluphakathi kwezilwanyana nezityalo kwifynbos. Ukuba isityalo siyaphela, ngaba abasasazi bembewu yaso (intuku, ibhabhathane okanye ibhungane) baya kubhanga nabo?” Yaye kuthekani ngeentaka zeFynbos? Ngokutsho kwesazi sebhayoloji saseMzantsi Afrika uC. J. Skead, iingcungcu zisengozini yokuphela ngenxa “yolwalamano olusondeleyo lwazo neendidi zeProtea.”
Iingxelo ezinjalo ngengingqi yeFynbos zibangela inkxalabo. Nakuba kunjalo, kwabo bafana noLinnaeus, abakholelwa “kuMdali Wezinto Ezilungileyo,” kukho isizathu sokuba nethemba. Ubani unokuqiniseka ukuba umhlaba uya kuchuma uze ube neentyatyambo ngendlela ongazange ube nazo ngaphambili xa uYehova uThixo ezalisekisa isithembiso sakhe ‘sokwenza zonke izinto zibe ntsha.’—ISithyilelo 21:5.
[Imibhalo esemazantsi]
a Umhlaba wahlulwe wayimimandla yeentyatyambo emithandathu. Le mimandla yaziwa zizazinzulu ngokukhula kwezityalo ezahlukahlukeneyo ngezityalo ezikhula kuwo. Imimandla ejikeleze iKoloni eMzantsi Afrika yenye yale mimandla mithandathu.
b Iidaisies zezohlobo lweAsteraceae, yaye ivygies ligama elisetyenziswa ekuhlaleni leemesems, igama elisuka kuhlobo lweMesembryanthemum.
[Iimaphu ezikwiphepha 16]
(Ukuba ufuna inkcazelo ehlahlelwe kakuhle, yiya kwimpapasho)
Ingingqi yeFynbos (iboniswe iluhlaza)
INtaba Yetafile
[Inkcazelo]
Mountain High Maps® Copyright © 1997 Digital Wisdom, Inc.
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 16]
“Painted lady”, enye yeendidi ze-“gladioli” ezingama-72 ezingafumaneki kwenye indawo emhlabeni
[Inkcazelo]
Una Coetzee (www.agulhasfynbos.co.za)
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 16]
Ezinye ii-“protea” zinkulu kunobuso bomntu
[Inkcazelo]
Nigel Dennis
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 16, 17]
KwiNtaba Yetafile kuphela, kuye kwabhaliswa iindidi zezityalo ezili-1 470
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 16, 17]
Intyatyambo yequnube eyi-“everlasting”
[Inkcazelo]
Nigel Dennis
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 17]
Enye yeentlobo ezininzi ze-“daisy” ezifumaneka kwiFynbos
[Inkcazelo]
Kirstenbosch, eKapa
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 17]
Inzwakazi yeNtaba Yetafile ngumsasazi okhethekileyo wembewu yeendidi ezili-15 zeentyatyambo ezibomvu
[Inkcazelo]
Colin Paterson-Jones
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 17]
“Pincushion protea”
[Inkcazelo]
National Parks Board yaseMzantsi Afrika
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 18]
Kukho ulwalamano olukhethekileyo phakathi kweentyatyambo ze-“erica” kunye nengcungcu
[Inkcazelo]
Colin Paterson-Jones
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 18]
I-“Protea” kunye nengcungcu yaseKoloni ngabahlobo abakhethekileyo
[Inkcazelo]
Kirstenbosch, EKapa
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 18]
“Watsonia”
[Inkcazelo]
Kirstenbosch, eKapa
[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 18]
National Parks Board yaseMzantsi Afrika