Umpapashi Wamandulo Ukhuthaza Ukupapashwa KweBhayibhile

UKUBHALWA kweencwadi nemisongo ngesandla kwaqala kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo. Kodwa zona iincwadi ezishicilelweyo azindalanga kangako. Kuthiwa iincwadi zokuqala ezishicilelweyo zaveliswa eTshayina ngowe-868 C.E. kusetyenziswa oonobumba abaqingqwe ngomthi. Malunga nowe-1455 eJamani, uJohannes Gutenberg wasungula umatshini wokushicilela waza wavelisa iBhayibhile yokuqala eshicilelwe ngesiLatini.

Kwakusemva kweminyaka eliqela emva kokuba liqalile ishishini lokupapasha iincwadi apho kwaqaliswa ukusasazwa kweBhayibhile nezinye iincwadi. INuremberg yaba sisazulu sokupapashwa kweencwadi eJamani yaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba indoda eyayiyinzalelwane yeso sixeko uAnton Koberger, yaba ngumntu wokuqala ukushicilela nokupapasha iBhayibhile ngeelwimi ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Abantu bamazwe ngamazwe bamele babe nombulelo kubapapashi bokuqala kuquka noAnton Koberger. Makhe sehle amahlongwane uKoberger nomsebenzi wakhe.

“Eyona Ncwadi Ayinyamekela Kakhulu YiBhayibhile”

UKoberger wavula umzi wokuqala wokushicilela eNuremberg ngowe-1470. Lo mzi mveliso wakhe wawunoomatshini bokushicilela abangama-24, abantu ababeshicilela abali-100, amagcisa nabanye abasebenzi, eBasel, eStrasbourg, eLyon nakwezinye izixeko zaseYurophu. UKoberger wapapasha imibhalo yesiLatini yamaxesha aphakathi nezinye iincwadi zenzululwazi zexesha lakhe. Ebudeni belo xesha wavelisa iincwadi neeBhayibhile ezingama-236. Ezinye zazinamaphepha awayefikelela kumakhulu yaye kwakushicilelwa iphepha libe linye ngexesha.

Inkqubo kaKoberger yokushicilela yazenza iincwadi zathandwa zakhe ngenxa yobuhle nokufundeka kwazo. Isazi ngembali uAlfred Börckel ubhala athi: “UKoberger wayesoloko esebenzisa oonobumba abasemgangathweni. Wayengafuni nokubabona onobumba abonakeleyo.” Ukongezelela koko, iincwadi neeBhayibhile zikaKoberger zazisiba nemifanekiso.

Umbhali wencwadi yobomi bukaKoberger, uOscar Hase wabhala wathi ukususela ekuqaleni kude kuse ekupheleni “eyona ncwadi ayinyamekela kakhulu yiBhayibhile.” UKoberger noogxa bakhe baqiniseka ukuba bafumana eyona Bhayibhile ichanileyo. Umele ukuba wawungekho lula lo msebenzi kuba imibhalo ngqangi emininzi yayigcinwa kwimizi ethile yoonongendi yaye wawuyibolekwa ixesha elincinane ukuze uyikope.

IiBhayibhile ZesiLatini NesiJamani

UKoberger washicilela uhlelo lokuqala lweBhayibhile yesiLatini ngowe-1475. Amanye kula mahlelo ayenomfanekiso womkhombe kaNowa, iMithetho Elishumi netempile kaSolomon. Ngowe-1483, uKoberger washicilela iiBhayibhile zesiJamani ezili-1 500. Le Bhayibhile yayinemifanekiso eli-100 eyayivuselela umdla womfundi, icacisa iivesi zeBhayibhile ize ikhumbuze abo babengakwazi ukufunda, ngamabali aqhelekileyo eBhayibhile. Imifanekiso ekule Bhayibhile yakhuthaza abanye abazobi bamaxesha amva, ngokukodwa kwiiBhayibhile zesiJamani.

IBhayibhile kaKoberger yowe-1483 yathandwa kakhulu, kodwa yaba kuphela kohlelo lwesiJamani olwapapashwa nguKoberger. Nangona abahleli basitshintsha isigama sakhe ukuze sivumelane neseVulgate yesiLatini eyayisamkelwa yicawa, uhlelo lwakhe wayelusekele kwinguqulelo yenkulungwane ye-14 kaWaldensian neyayivalwe umlomo.a Kunyaka olandelayo uPopu Innocent VIII wabulala abantu baseWaldensian. Emva koko icawa yaqhubeka nephulo layo lokuchasa ukuguqulelwa kweBhayibhile ngeelwimi zomthonyama. NgoMatshi 22, 1485 uBhishopu Berthold waseMainz eJamani, wakhupha umyalelo owawusalela ukuguqulelwa kweBhayibhile ngesiJamani. NgoJanuwari 4 wonyaka olandelayo, uBerthold wawuhlaziya lo myalelo. Ezo meko zimaxongo zenza uKoberger akaphinda ashicilele iBhayibhile ngesiJamani.

Nakuba kunjalo uAnton Koberger akazange asebenzele ilize. Waba ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa ubugcisa bokushicilela obabukho ukuze enze iincwadi ezahlukahlukeneyo zifumaneke lula eYurophu. Umsebenzi kaKoberger wanceda abantu abangathathi ntweni bakwazi ukuba neBhayibhile.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 26]

Ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene: umfanekiso kaDaniyeli esemhadini weengonyama; unobumba weGold-leaf; uhlobo oluthile lokushicilela

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 26]

UKoberger

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 26]

Iinkcukacha zeeBhayibhile zikaKoberger zesiLatini nesiJamani ezibonisa imihombiso namagqabaza ngeGenesis 1:1

[Inkcazelo Ngemifanekiso ekwiphepha 26]

All Bible photos: Courtesy American Bible Society Library; Koberger: Mit freundlicher Genehmigung des Linotype GmbH