Imfundiso Yenkolo Yenkolo Yenkululeko Ingabe Izobasiza Abampofu?
Izigidi ‘ezihlala ezindlini zotshani ezisindwayo zisebenza kanzima ngokungahileleki ukuze nje zithole izidingo zokuphila: zikha amanzi; zihamba ngezinyawo, ngamahhashi; ngezinqola ezidonswa izimbongolo; zidla ilayisi, ubhontshisi nobhanana. Nakuba izwe elizungezile linothile, ziyazi ukuthi ngokunokwenzeka ziyoba mpofu njalo. Futhi ebumpofwini, ekuzabalazeni, ekucindezelweni kohlobo olubi kakhulu, kusungulwa uhlobo olusha “lwesonto lamandulo.”’—The Christian Century.
“IKUSASA lesonto libonakala lincike kwabampofu.” Kubika umagazini iNewsweek, Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ‘lelisonto elisha’ elisebenzela inkululeko lingase libe “ukuphela kwethemba elingcono kakhulu” labampofu nelizoletha ushintsho olunokuthula emazweni abo. Ingabe kunjalo?
Okokuqala, ake sihlole imfundiso yenkolo yenkululeko ngokombono womsekeli wayo. Kungani izimpi ngezinye izikhathi zibhekwa njengezidingekile ukuze kukhululwe abampofu? Iziphi izimo okuthiwa zivumela imfundiso yenkolo yenkululeko?
Ubumpofu Nokucindezelwa
Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezakhamuzi zomhlaba—ikakhulukazi eLatin America, eAfrika, naseAsia—ziphila ebumpofwini obululazayo, futhi imibiko yobudlova bezombangazwe evela kulamazwekazi ingevamile. ‘Ngalabantu abacindezelwayo,’ ubumpofu, ukuhlupheka, nokuthunjwa bekulokhu kuyindlela yokuphila. Nansi eminye imibiko:
◻ Umfundisi wenkolo yenkululeko waseBrazil uLeonardo Boff uthi ezweni lakubo “njalo ngamahora angama-22 kubulawa umlimi ompofu.”
◻ “INicaragua izama ukuhlela isizwe ngenzuzo yalabo abebecindezelwe ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane—amaphesenti angama-8O abantu.” Nokho, kubikwa ukuthi amaphesenti angaphezu kwama-40 omnotho wezwe asetshenziselwa ukuzivikela ngokwezempi.
◻ Ngokwephephandaba lansuku zonke laseDolobheni laseMexico iEl Universal, kuthiwa izigidi ezingama-40 zabantu ziphila ngobumpofu ngenxa “yokwahlulela ngokungalungi kwezenhlalo.” Amaphesenti angamashumi amane omphakathi kuthiwa ayakwazi ukufinyelela “amazinga aphansi ezidingo zokuphila,” kulapho kungamaphesenti ayi-18 kuphela “athola ukudla okunomsoco.”
◻ Omunye umbiko ubonisa ukuthi eGuatemala amaphesenti angama-80 ezwe elilinywayo angawamaphesenti amabili kuphela omphakathi. Kunabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu, amaphesenti angama-81 aphathwa yisifo sokungondleki kahle. Eminyakeni engama-30 edlule, kuye kwaba nezenzo zobudlova bezombangazwe eziyizi-100 000 nezokuthumba eziyizi-38 000.
◻ EPhilippines, amaphesenti amabili omphakathi anamaphesenti angama-75 omcebo. “Uma singeke sikuxazulule lokho,” kusho indelakazi engumFilipino uMary John Mananzan, “akukho lutho esizoluxazulula!”
Abantu emazweni amaningi kuthiwa baphila ngokwesaba iziphathimandla, izimpi ezingemthetho, namaqembu abalungisi abazibekayo. Izinkulungwane ziye zabalekela emazweni aseduze.
Kungalesosizathu amanye amaKatolika aphakeme “emelela abampofu.” “Siye sezwa okuningi ngabavuma izono zabo, izincasakazi nabaprofethi,” kusho uBoff, kodwa “kuthiwani ngabalimi abampofu nabasebenza kanzima?” Nokho, yiliphi ikhambi abefundisi benkolo yenkululeko abathi Uzokwelapha lesisimo? Kusho ukuthini ‘ukumelela abampofu?’
Umzabalazo WamaZwe Asathuthuka
“Ubumpofu bungukwahlulela ngokungalungi” kusho abefundisi benkolo yenkululeko. Ngakho “ukukhetha okutuswa ngabampofu” “kuwukubasiza bafune ukuphila okuhloniphekile, abanelungelo kukho.” Encwadini yakhe iThe Power of the Poor in History, uGustavo Gutierrez wasePeru ocatshangelwa njengoyise wemfundiso yenkolo yenkululeko, uthi “namuhla kunanini ngaphambiii, kubalulekile ukuba ngowalabo abazabalazayo, abalwayo, abakholwayo nabathembayo.” Kodwa ngokwabefundisi benkolo yenkululeko, lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ‘okusetshenziswa kokwahlulela ngokulunga kwezenhlalo
ngokwenza izinguquko ezijulile zobudlelwane zomphakathi.” Kwenziwa kanjani lokhu kwezinye izindawo zomhlaba?
◻ EHaiti, iSonto lamaKatolika kuthiwa liye lasiza ekuketuleni “ukuphatha ngonya” kukaDuvalier.
◻ isikhulu samaRoma saseManila uJaime Sin kuthiwa senza “okungaphezu kwanoma ubani omunye ePhilippines ukuze siwise umbuso wobushiqela kaFerdinand Mareos.”
◻ UBonganjalo Goba waseNingizimu Afrika uyachaza: ‘Okuhlangenwe nakho kwethu yilokho kwabantu abafika bephethe iBhayibheli ngesinye isandla nesibhamu ngesinye, bethembisa ukwakhela uNkulunkulu isonto uma esinika izwe’.
Kodwa ubumpofu bumane nje bungenye yezinkinga. Ukungafundi, ukungawutholi umsebenzi, indlala, nokugula nakho kuyimiphumela yesimo esimpofu sezenhlalo nezomnotho emazweni amaningi. Ngakho-ke, abampofu nabacindezelweyo bayaziphindiselela.
Nokho, abefundisi benkolo yenkululeko, njengoGutierrez noBoff, bayichaza kanjani lendaba besebenzisa iBhayibheli?
Abefundisi Benkolo Yenkululeko NeBhayibheli
“Inkululeko iyindikimba yeBhayibheli,” kuchaza umpristi wamaKatolika waseNingizimu Korea uAugustine Ham Sei Ung. Kodwa ukuze ayichaze, uGutierrez uthi “umlando . . .
kumelwe uphinde ufundwe kucatshangwa ngabampofu.”
Ngakho-ke, abefundisi benkolo yenkululeko bazisholo ukuthi okunye ukulandisa kweBhayibheli, ‘njengokwenkululeko yamaisrayeli,’ kuyizenzo zezombangazwe. “uNkulunkulu . . . uzembula . . . ‘ngabampofu nangabangelutho’” kusho uGutierrez. “Uma isonto lifuna ukuthembeka . . . kuNkulunkulu . . . , kumelwe liziqaphele kusukela phansi, kusukela kwabampofu balelizwe.” Ngakho “uthando lukaNkulunkulu ngabantu bakhe,” becabanga, “luyabonakaliswa ngezombangazwe” nanamuhla ngokuf anayo.
Abefundisi benkolo yenkululeko bazizwa kanjani ngobuhlobo phakathi kweBhayibheli nezombangazwe? ULeonardo Boff wachazela iPhaphama! ukuthi “akuwona umsebenzi weBhayibheli ukuba yincwadi egqugquzela izindlela zezombangazwe nokuphambene nezombangazwe; kunalokho, iBhayibheli liwumthombo wokugqugquzela ekufunweni kobuhlobo babantu obulunge ngokwengeziwe.” Nokho, iyini imiphumela yokuhlanganyela kwabefundisi enguqukweni yezenhlalo?
Ubudlova ngokuvamile buholela ekufeni. Akumelwe linganakwa iqiniso lokuthi abefundisi baye baba nesandla esikhululekile kwezombangazwe zezwe emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka. Baye bazihlela namakhosi omhlaba nomashiqela noma izigaba eziphakeme ezibusayo eziye zacindezela abantu abampofu. Ngenxa yalokho, abaningi baye balahlekelwa ukuphila.
Ingabe “Ukukhetha Okutuswayo”?
“Izinhlangano zenkululeko” zanamuhla azizona ezingenacala. Nazo futhi ziye zaholela ekufeni okuningi. Njengoba uGustavo Gutierrez evuma: “Namuhla, indlala eya iba imbi nokuxhashazwa, kanye nokudingiswa nokuvalelwa emajele . . . , ukuhlushwa nokufa . . . , kwenza kube nokulahlekelwa ngenxa yokumelana nokucindezela.”
Ngakho, eqinisweni, ayikho imfundiso yenkolo yomuntu engasusa usizi lwesintu. Uma nje kusekhona ubugovu nenzondo, siyoba khona isidingo sokuthile okungcono. Kodwa ingabe kukhona ukukhetha okungcono ngabampofu?
[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 6]
“Kubalulekile ukuba ngowalabo abazabalazayo, abalwayo, abakholwayo nabathengayo.”—uGustavo Gutierrez