Umbhishobhi Omkhulu Oyisihlubuki
INTATHELI engumFulentshi yaphonseka phakathi etekisini eRoma futhi yacela ukuba iyiswe eSigodlweni saseRospigliosi-Pallavicini. Umshayeli wetekisi wambuka ngokubonisa ukuthi uyazi futhi wathi “Si,” wayezomyisa ku“il vescovo ribelle!” (umbhishobhi oyisihlubuki).
lzinsuku eziningi wonke umuntu owayebalulekile eRoma wayesesimweni sokujabula. Izikhulu zaseVatican zathukuthela kabi ngoba uNkosazana wasebukhosini uElvina Pallavicini, ilungu lomunye wemikhaya edumile yokuqala eyizakhamuzi zaseRoma lasendulo, wayevumile ukuba asize umbhishobhi omkhulu ophikisayo wamaKatolika ongumFulentshi uMarcel Lefebvre abeke imibono yakhe eRoma, ngisho nokuthumela amakhulu ezimemo zomhlangano osamfihlo wamaphephandaba. Ngemvume kaLefebvre wayebeke isigodlo somkhaya esasihlalise upapa nezinye izikhulu ezimbalwa zesonto phakathi kokhokho bakhe. Enza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu, wamvumela ukuba enze umhlangano wakhe endlini yobukhosi ngaphansi kompheme obanzi kaPapa Clement IX.
Naphezu kokucindezela okuningi okwalethwa kuye abahlonishwa baseVatican, inkosazana yasebukhosini yasimelela isinqumo sayo. Iphephandaba laseRoma labika ngokugcwele ngalomhlangano, owawucatshangelwa njengento “ecasulayo” khona kanye “emagcekeni aseVatican.” Ngokusobala umshayeli wetekisi wayehambisana nezindaba zendawo!
ISonto “Aliselona ElobuKatolika”
UNkosazana wasebukhosini uPallavicini wasivikela isinqumo sakhe, ethi iSonto lamaKatolika lihlukene nokuthi ezinjalo “izinkinga ezingathi sína ngeke zixazululwe ngokuthula okungaqondakali kodwa ngokucaciswa kwezinto okunesibindi.” Ngokunikeza umbhishobhi omkhulu uLefebvre ithuba lokuveza imibono yakhe, wayenethemba lokulondoloza “ukuthula ngaphakathi kwamaKatolika.” Umbhishobhi wambonga futhi wambusisa kanye nomkhaya wakhe, ebahalalisela “ngokugcina ukholo lwakudala lwamasiko esonto.”
Cishe abantu abayinkulungwane ababekhona emhlanganweni, ikakhulukazi amaKatolika abambelele emasikweni esonto, emelele amazwe ahlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nabameleli abaningi bamaphephandaba nezintatheli zeTV. Umbhishobhi omkhulu waveza ukungavumelani kwakhe okujulile nenqubo yesonto engokomthetho kusukela kwaba khona uMhlangano Wesibili WaseVatican (1962-65). Iphephandaba lansuku zonke laseFrance iLe Monde laphawula: “Cishe amahora amabili [umbhishobhi omkhulu uLefebvre] wabeka izikhalo ngeSonto elisha ‘elingaselona elobuKatolika. Wageqa amagula: incwadi yezimfundiso zesonto, amakholiji obufundisi nobupristi, iMisa, ubunye bezinkolo, kungasakhulunywa ‘ngokuhlanganiswa kwamasakramente’ ‘nezikhulu zesonto ezimiqondo yazo inobuKhomanisi.’”
Umbhishobhi omkhulu uLefebvre waphetha: “Isimo sibi. Isonto lihamba ngendlela engebona ubuKatolika futhi ebhubhisa inkolo yethu. Ingabe kumelwe ngihloniphe noma ngihlale ngingumKatolika, umRoma Katolika, umKatolika wokuphila kwakhe konke? Ngiye ngenza ukukhetha kwami phambi kukaNkulunkulu. Angifisi ukufa ngiyiProthestani.”
UKhadinali Poletti, ummeli kaPaul VI esifundeni saseRoma, wathi ngokuhlela lomhlangano eRoma, “umbhisobhi Lefebvre uluhlambalazile ukholo, iSonto lamaKatolika, neNkosi yakhe yaphezulu uJesu [futhi] wahlambalaza upapa ngokuqondile, esebenzisa kabi ukubekezela kwakhe futhi ezama ukususa uthuthuva esifundeni-mbhishobhi sakhe.”
Indlela Ukuhlubuka Okwaqala Ngayo
Lowomhlangano wenziwa ngoJune 6, 1977. Kodwa ngisho nangaphambili ngawo-1965, ngaphambi kokuphela koMhlangano Wesibili waseVatican, kwakukhulunywa “ngokwehlukana” eSontweni lamaKatolika. AmaKatolika amaningi angalufuni uguquko ayenomuzwa wokuthi uMhlangano Wesibili WaseVatican wawuletha izinguquko ezazidalula ubuKatolika bakudala bamasiko.
Umbhishobhi Omkhulu uLefebvre, owayengumbhishobhi omkhulu waseBakar, eSenegal, nombhishobhi waseTulle, eningizimu-maphakathi neFrance, babeye baba nengxenye eMhlanganweni Wesibili WaseVatican. Ngo1962 wakhethwa waba inhloko “yoBaba BoMoya ONgcwele” eFrance. Kodwa ukungavumelani okukhulayo nemithetho yoMhlangano Wesibili WaseVatican esetshenziswa eSontweni lamaKatolika kwambangela ukuba asishiye phansi lesikhundla sakhe ngo-1968.
Ngo-1969 umbhishobhi ongumKatolika waseSwitzerland wagunyaza umbhishobhi omkhulu ophikisayo ukuba avule ikholiji lobupristi lamaKatolika abambelela emasikweni esonto esifundeni-mbhishobhi saseFribourg, eSwitzerland. Ngonyaka olandelayo, umbhishobhi omkhulu uLefebvre wathola lokho akubiza ngokuthi “Ubudlelwane Bobupristi BukaSaint Pius X” futhi wavula ikholiji lobupristi eEcône esifundeni saseSwitzerland saseValais. Wenza lokhu ngemvume yombhishobhi ongumKatolika waseSion.
Okokuqala, lelikholiji lobupristi laliphikisa ngokusesilinganisweni kuphela. Eqinisweni, abafundi babeyigqoka imijiva emnyama futhi bethola imfundo efanele yobuKatolika bakudala bamasiko. IMisa lalishiwo ngesiLatini, kanti uPapa Paul VI washaya umthetho wokuthi iMisa elibukeziwe kumelwe lishiwo ngolimi lwendawo. Kodwa ikholiji lobupristi lavunyelwa yiziphathimandla zesonto ngoba, uMbhishobhi Omkhulu uLefebvre akahlelanga ngalesosikhathi ukuba aqeqeshe abapristi bakusasa kuze kube sekugcotshweni kwabo. Wayethemba ukuthi babeyokwazi ukuqeda imfundo yabo kulokho ayekucabangela njengezinqaba ezimbili ezazisasele zobuKatolika bakudala bamasiko, iYunivesithi iLatran Pontifical eRoma, neYunivesithi iFribourg eSwitzerland.
Inkathazo yaqala ngempela lapho uMbhishobhi oMkhulu uLefebvre ephetha ngokuthi ngisho nalamaYunivesithi amabili amaKatolika kwakungenakuthenjelwa kuwo ukuba aqeqeshe abapristi bakusasa kulokho ayekucabangela njengesiko leqiniso lamaKatolika. Wanquma ukuba yena ngokwakhe agcobe abapristi bakusasa abaqeqeshwe ekholiji labapristi laseEcône. Okwenza izinto zaba zimbi kakhulu, ngo-1974 wakhipha incwadi eyayiveza izinhloso, imibono, nezisusa zakhe, eyayibonisa ukuphikisana kabi nezinguquko eziningi zoMhlangano Wesibili waseVatican. Ngalesosikhathi iEcône yayinabafundi abangaphezu kwabayikhulu abaqeqeshwa yiqembu loprofesa bobuKatolika bakudala bamasiko.
Ngo-1975, isebenza ngombhishobhi wendawo waseSwitzerland, iVatican yalihoxisa igunya layo lokunika imvume ekholiji lobupristi laseEcône. Engakushayimkhuba lokhu, uMbhishobhi oMkhulu uLefebvre waqhubeka egcoba abapristi abasha njengoba babeqeda izifundo zabo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngo-1976 uPapa Paul VI wamyekisa okwesikhashana yonke imisebenzi yobupristi, kuhlanganise nokusho iMisa, ukwengamela izidlo zeNkosi zokuqala, ukufungisa, futhi, njengombhishobhi, ukugcoba abapristi. Njengoba iEcône yaqhubeka inganaki, lokhu kwaletha isimo esiphikisanayo ekholiji lobupristi lamaKatolika angempela, ikhiqiza amashumishumi amaKatolika angempela abambelele emasikweni esonto agcotshwe umbhishobhi owenqatshwayo othi ungumKatolika ongcono kunopapa!
Izinga Lokuhlubuka
Ukuhlubuka kwalombhishobhi omkhulu waseFrance kwakungeke kufanelekele ukuxoxwa ngakho uma kwakugcina ekholiji lobupristi elingezansi kweziNtaba zaseSwitzerland iAlps. Kodwa ngokushesha uMbhishobhi oMkhulu uLefebvre waba indawo yokuhlangana yengxenye ethonyayo yobuKatolika kuwo wonke umhlaba. Encwadini yakhe ethi L’Église Catholique 1962-1986—Crise et renouveau (ISonto lamaKatolika 1962-1986—Isimo Esibucayi Nokuvuselela), umlobi uGérard Leclerc wabhala: “Impikiswano yamaKatolika abambelele emasikweni esonto ayikubonisi ukuthambekela kweqenjana elincane. Kuveza imizwa yengxenye enkulu yabathembekile.”
UMbhishobhi oMkhulu uLefebvre uye wathola ukusekelwa ngokwezimali emhlabeni wonke ngamaKatolika amaningi angalufuni uguquko. Lokhu kuye kwamenza wakwazi ukuhamba kakhulu, ngokuvamile ngokumenywa amaqembu amaKatolika abambelele emasikweni esonto. Uye wagxeka uMhlangano Wesibili WaseVatican phambi kwezihlwele zabantu emazweni amaningi, esho iMisa ngokwemithetho yesiLatini yoMhlangano waseTrent wekhulu le-16 leminyaka, obizwa ngokuthi iTridentine, noma umthetho kaPius V. Lemihlangano yamaKatolika abambelele emasikweni esonto ngezinye izikhathi yayenzelwa ezindaweni ezingavamile neze, njengesitolo esikhulu esingasasetshenziswa enyakatho yeLondon, eNgilandi.
Lokhu kusekelwa okukhulu ngokwezimali kuye kwenza umbhishobhi oyisihlubuki ukuba avule amakholiji engeziwe obupristi okuqeqesha abapristi bamaKatolika ababambelele emasikweni esonto eFrance, eJalimane, eItaly, eArgentina, naseUnited States. NgoFebruary 1987, iphephandaba lansuku zonke lesiFulentshi iLe Figaro labika ukuthi ngalesosikhathi lezikole zaziqeqesha abafundi abangama-260. UMbhishobhi oMkhulu uLefebvre ubegcoba phakathi kwabapristi abangama-40 nabangama-50 ngonyaka abavela ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, kuhlanganise neAfrika.
Abaningi balabapristi bamaKatolika ababambelele emasikweni esonto basebenza “ezigodlweni zabapristi” ezingama-75 lezo “uBudlelwane” boMbhishobhi oMkhulu uLefebvre obuye bazakha emazweni ayi-18 eMelika eseNyakatho neseNingizimu, eYurophu, naseAfrika. Kulawomazwe labapristi bagubhela amaKatolika asekela inqubo yakudala iMisa ngesiLatini.
Ngokuvamile izinkonzo zamaKatolika abambelele emasikweni esonto ngaso sonke isikhathi zenzelwa emasontweni akhiwe ngokukhethekile. Kodwa amaKatolika amaningi ngokwengeziwe angalufuni uguquko alwa nabaholi bamaKatolika avamile ukuze bathole ilungelo lokusebenzisa izakhiwo ezivamile zesonto lamaKatolika ngenxa yezinkonzo zabo. Lokhu kuye kwandisa izimo eziye zaphazamisa ngokujulile amaKatolika amaningi aqotho.
Ukulwela Izakhiwo Zesonto
Kusukela ngo-1969, lapho uPapa Paul VI efaka iMisa elisha elihilela ukusetshenziswa kolimi lwendawo nezinye izinguquko, amaKatolika abambelele emasikweni esonto aye ahlela amaMisa angasese esebenzisa imithetho yesonto emidala yesiLatini. EParis, eFrance, amakhulu awo ayezohlangana eHholo iWagram, eduze kweArc de Triomphe. Njengoba umthetho omusha wawuyisibopho ngalesosikhathi, umbhishobhi omkhulu wendawo ongumKatolika wabenqabela ukuba basebenzise isonto.
Ekugcineni, ngoFebruary 27, 1977, amaKatolika abambelele emasikweni esonto azisingathela ngokwawo izindaba, futhi, eholwa umpristi ongalufuni uguquko, balisebenzisa ngenkani isonto iSaint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet, eLatin Quarter. Abapristi abavamile bamaKatolika namalungu esonto bazithola bexoshiwe esontweni labo. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, lapho bezama ukwenza iMisa esontweni, kwagqashuka impi. Omunye umpristi kwadingeka ukuba ayiswe esibhedlela, futhi abanye babalekela emzini wabapristi oseduze.
Manje, eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, iSaint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet isasetshenziswa amaKatolika abambelele emasikweni esonto, naphezu kwemiyalezo emibili yenkantolo ebaxoshayo. Cishe kuba khona abantu abayizi-5 000 emaMiseni esiLatini ayisihlanu agujwa lapho njalo ngeSonto. Izinkonzo zenziwa umpristi owagcotshwa eEcône nguMbhishobhi oMkhulu uLefebvre, futhi “lesikhulu sesonto esiyisihlubuki” sifika njalo kulelisonto ukuze sizoqinisekisa izingane zamaKatolika ezibambelele emasikweni esonto.
Izinyanga ezimbalwa ngemva kokuba iSaint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet yayisetshenziswe okokuqala amaKatolika abambelele emasikweni esonto, amakhulu amaningana amaKatolika afuna uguquko enza umhlangano ukuze asole lokhu kusetshenziswa ngenkani kwalelisonto. Abapristi abathile noprofesa bamaKatolika abavela eSorbonne nakuyi-Institut Catholique de Paris baba nengxenye. Ngokushesha, iqembu lentsha yamaKatolika abambelele emasikweni esonto langena ngenkani ehholo futhi lawuchitha umhlangano, lisebenzisa izinduku zensimbi nebhomu lentuthu. Kwalimala abantu abaningana, futhi uprofesa oyedwa ongumKatolika kwadingeka ukuba ayiswe esibhedlela.
Umbhishobhi ongumKatolika waseStrasbourg empumalanga yeFrance wahlushwa amaKatolika abambelele emasikweni esonto lapho ezama ukungena esontweni ababekade belisebenzisela ukugubha iMisa ngesiLatini. EParis “ibutho” lamaKatolika abambelele emasikweni esonto latheleka emasontweni amaKatolika ukuze lichithe izinkonzo. Lenza lokhu ngoba kwakusetshenziswa owesifazane ukuba afunde ivangeli phakathi neMisa noma ngoba abefundisi bamaProthestani nabamaOrthodox babekhona enkonzweni yobunye bezinkolo.
NgoMarch 1987 amaKatolika abambelele emasikweni esonto kanye navamile acishe alwa ePort-Marly, ngasentshonalanga yeParis, futhi kwadingeka ukuba ahlukaniswe amaphoyisa. Ayebanga ukusebenzisa isonto lamaKatolika laseSaint Louis. Ngenyanga elandelayo amaKatolika abambelele emasikweni esonto asebenzisa umgxala ukuze abhidlize umnyango oqinile futhi angene esontweni ukuze agubhe ngesiLatini IMisa Lokunqoba LangeSonto. IThe Times yaseLondon, eNgilandi, yabika ngalokhu ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi “Impi yaseSt Louis—izihlubuki ezingamaKatolika aseFrance zibuyele esontweni eliphikisanayo.” IMisa lesiLatini lalikhulunyelwa umpristi ogcotshwe umbhishobhi omkhulu oyisihlubuki uLefebvre.
Inxeba Ohlangothini LweSonto
Umlobi ongumKatolika uGérard Leclerc uyabhala: “Eminyakeni engaphezu kwama-20 ngemva koMhlangano [waseVatican], abaphikisi ababambelele emasikweni esonto bayinxeba elivulekile ohlangothini lweSonto.” Futhi encwadini yabo ethi Voyage à l’intérieur de l’Église catholique (Uhambo Ngaphakathi Esontweni LamaKatolika) uJean Puyo noPatrice Van Eersel bathi: “Uma iRoma isatshiswe kangaka yimisebenzi kaMbhishobhi Lefebvre, kungoba ubuza imibuzo eyisisekelo. UMbhishobhi Mamie weFribourg neGeneva, owazithola ebophekile ukuba alahle imisebenzi yomlingane wakhe ohlubukayo, wasitshela ngokungagunciyo: ‘Usizi lwalabo abathembekile abaye bamlandela akulona olungenazisekelo. Imfundiso yeSonto eneminyaka eyinkulungwane isengozini ebulalayo.’”
Nokho, kusukela ezigodlweni zezikhulu ezinhle eRoma kuya ezigidini zemizi emincane emhlabeni wonke, amaKatolika amaningi aqotho adideke ngokujulile. Ayabuza: “Kungani isonto lami lihlukene?” Isizathu salokho, nokuthi amanye amaKatolika enzani ngakho, kuzocatshangelwa ngokulandelayo.
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UMbhishopbhi oMkhulu uMarcel Lefebvre
[Umthombo]
UPI/Bettmann Newsphotos
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IEcône, ikholiji lamaKatolika abambelele emasikweni esonto lombhishobhi omkhulu oyisihlubuki ezintabeni zaseSwitzweland iAlps
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ISonto iSaint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet, eParis, lasetshenziswa ngokungemthetho amaKatolika abambelele emasikweni esonto iminyaka eyishumi edlule