Ingabe Izikole Zithatha Indawo Yabazali?
NAMUHLA izikole zilindeleke ukuba zenze okwengeziwe kunokufundisa ukufunda, ukubhala, nezibalo. Eziningi zilungiselela ukudla, ukuqondisa kokuziphatha, neminye imisebenzi eyayinakekelwa ekhaya. “Inani elikhulayo labazali lilindela izikole, ikakhulukazi abeluleki abaqondisayo, ukuba benze umsebenzi wabo wobuzali,” kuphawula uJim McClure, umholi womnyango wokuqondisa wesikole esiphakeme.
Nokho, abazali abaningi, babhekene nenkinga yokukhetha phakathi kokwakha ukuphila kokunethezeka nokunakekela izingane zabo. Ngokungafani nesizukulwane esidlule, ngokuvamile ukuphila namuhla kusho ukushiya izingane zingenakho ukuqondisa kobuzali okufiselekayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukunikeza lokho kunakekela, kungasho ukuphila ukuphila kokunganethezeki emkhayeni. Zombili lezizimo azithandeki.
Ukuqala Kwesimo Sokuwohloka
Labo abaye bahlola izinkinga ezithinta imfundo yanamuhla bakholelwa ukuthi ukuqala kokuwohloka kwaqala eminyakeni engaphezu kwengama-40 edlule, ngokushesha ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II. Abesifazane basekela umzamo wempi ngokuthatha umsebenzi ezimbonini zezemisebenzi. Khona-ke, lapho impi iphela, inani elikhulu alizange liphindele endimeni yalo yangaphambili yokuba omama nabafundisi abayinhloko bezingane zabo. Baqhubeka besebenza.
Njengoba iminyaka idlula, ezinye izinguquko ezingokwenhlalo zenza izimo zaba zimbi ngokwengeziwe. Izinzuzo zokuziphatha zakhukhuleka. Idivosi yamukeleka, ishiya inani elikhulayo lamakhaya enomzali oyedwa. Futhi, izindleko ezikhulayo zokuphila zaphoqelela abazali abengeziwe ukuba basebenze amahora engeziwe. Izimo ezinjalo ziye zenza amahora abazali abawashiyele ukunakekela izidingo zengqondo, ezingokomzimba, ezingokomzwelo, nezingokomoya zabantwana babo abe ngalinganiselwe kakhulu. Kanjalo abazali baye bancika kakhulu ezikoleni ukuba zigcwalise leligebe. Kodwa empeleni, ingabe lokhu kuwumthwalo wemfanelo wezikole?
Izinto Ezingokoqobo Namuhla
“Into engokoqobo entsha,” kuchaza umlobi wezemfundo uGene I. Maeroff, “iwukuthi ubaba owayevame ukubuya emsebenzini onzima wosuku ngokwethembeka ubusuku ngabunye aye kumkakhe olungisa ikhaya kanye nezingane zabo ezimbili eziqeqeshwe kahle cishe manje uhlala yedwa ekamelweni elibandayo elisendaweni ethile ezama ukuthola ukuthi angakukhokhela kanjani ukudla kwakhe okuthengwa sekuphekiwe ngemva kokukhipha imali yokondla yamasonto onke. Umama, osala emuva nezingane . . . usebenza izinsuku ezintathu ngesonto.” Kuba namiphi imiphumela?
UMaeroff uthi, “izingane zibhekene nomsebenzi onzima wokwakha ikusasa lazo elingokwemfundo ngezinto ezingeke zihlale isikhathi eside.” Ngokwesibonelo, uthisha wesikole semfundo ephansi eUnited States uyaphawula: “Amaphesenti angaphezu kwama-20 abafundi bethu eza esikoleni usuku ngalunye engakudlile ukudla kwasekuseni.” Njengoba ukudla kwasekuseni kubalulekile ekufundeni, lothisha uyadabuka: “Sizama ukubhekana nalenkinga ngokuhlela isimiso sokudla kwasekuseni.” Kusona lesosikole, umfundi weza ephethwe imikhuhlane. Lapho unina etshelwa ngalokhu esemsebenzini, waphendula: “Angikwazi ukuza lapho ngizomlanda. Ngiyasebenza.” Ekugcineni wahlela ukuba abuye emsebenzini, kodwa ‘wakhungatheka’ lapho ephoqelelwa ukuba anqume phakathi kokunakekela ingane yakhe egulayo nokuthola imali.
Izimo Ezikoleni
Ukonakala kokuziphatha komphakathi kuye kwalimaza ngokungathi sina ikhono lezikole lokufundisa. Kuye kwakwenza cishe kwangaba nokwenzeka ngazo ukuba zinikeze ukuqondisa kokuziphatha. Okubonisa isimo esishintshile sezikole uhlu lwezinkinga eziyisikhombisa eziphambili zokujeziswa ezikoleni zomphakathi zaseU.S. ngo-1940 njengoba ziqhathaniswa neziyi-17 ngo-1982. Izinkinga eziphambili ezikoleni ngo-1940 zaziyilezi: (1) Ukukhuluma, (2) ukuhlafuna ushingamu, (3) ukubanga umsindo, (4) ukugijima emaphaseji, (5) ukungaphumi ngokulandelana emgqeni, (6) ukugqoka izingubo ezingafanelekile, (7) nokungafaki iphepha emgqonyeni kadoti.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkinga eziphambili ezikoleni zango-1982 zaziyilezi: (1) Ukudlwengula, (2) ukuphamba, (3) ubudlova, (4) ukugqekeza, (5) ukuthungela ngomlilo, (6) ukuqhumisa amabhomu, (7) ukubulala, (8) ukuzibulala, (9) ukulova esikoleni, (10) ukucekela phansi impahla, (11) ukuphanga, (12) ukusebenzisa kabi imilaliso, (13) ukusebenzisa kabi uphuzo oludakayo, (14) ukulwa kwamaqembu, (15) ukukhulelwa, (16) ukukhishwa kwezisu, (17) nesifo sokubhajwa.
UDeborah, umama onezingane ezine, uyakhathazeka ngethonya lesisimo esishintshile sesikole esizoba nalo ezinganeni zakhe. Iyakhumbula: “Ngakhula ngivikelekile. Cishe wonke umuntu nakho konke okungizungezile kwakungisekela ukuba kungisize ngikhule. Labo kithi abakhuliswa ngaleyondlela kumelwe baqaphele iqiniso lokuthi izingane zethu zisezweni elihluke kakhulu.”
Ngempela, kwezinye izikole eziphakathi edolobheni eUnited States, ngokuvamile abafundi baphatha imimese nezibhamu; basebenzisa futhi badayise imilaliso; amazwi anjengokuthi “coke head” (umsebenzisi wecocaine) ayingxenye yamazwi asetshenziswa nsuku zonke. Ngokuvamile othisha bayajabula, hhayi ngenxa yokuba befundise ngokuphumelelayo abafundi babo, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi baye basinda kolunye usuku ngaphandle kwenkathazo.
Izimo ezidabukisayo ezisezikoleni zigcizelela iqiniso lokuthi azikwazi ukuthatha indawo yabazali ekunikezeni isiqondiso nokusekela okudingwa izingane ukuze ziphile ukuphila okuphumelelayo. Nokho, naphezu kwezimo ezinjalo, kunabafundi abaphumelelayo kulo lonke uhlobo lwezikole emhlabeni wonke.
‘Yini edingekayo ukuze liphumelele?’ ungase ubuze. ‘Ngingenza kanjani mina, njengo mzali, ukuba ngisize ingane yami iphumelele? Futhi yini okungadingeka yenziwe ingane yami?’