Izidakamizwa—Izinkinga Ziya Ngokuya Zikhula
IZIDAKAMIZWA ziyindab’ egudwini kulezinsuku. Akuvamile ukuba uthathe iphephandaba noma umagazini wezindaba futhi ungaboni ukubhekisela okuthile ezinkingeni zezidakamizwa: Ingcweti yezindaba zokuphathwa kwezwe ibanjwe ishushumbisa izidakamizwa ezweni elithile. Umholi wezwe wehliswe esikhundleni ngenxa yemisebenzi yakhe yokushushumbisa izidakamizwa. Umgijimi ovelele kumelwe aye esibhedlela sokwelashwa ukuba umlutha wezidakamizwa. Amasosha ombutho wempi waseU.S. aseshe indiza noma umkhumbi futhi athola inkindlane yamapayipi okubhema abantu abasebenzisa amanarcotic. Umculi odumile ugulela ukufa ngenxa yokudla kakhulu izidakamizwa. Unjiniyela obeshayela isitimela esigingqikile kutholakale ukuthi ubesebenzise isidakamizwa. Isazi sezombangazwe senza ukulawulwa kwezidakamizwa kube yindaba ebalulekile yomkhankaso waso. Futhi kuqhubeke njalonjalo.
Indaba yezidakamizwa isikhule kangangokuba ngonyaka odlule izizwe ezingama-24 zahlangana emizamweni yokuqeda izidakamizwa. “Zabhubhisa amathani ayizi-5 046 amahlamvu ecoca namathani ayizi-17 585 ezihlahla zensangu,” kusho iU.S.News & World Report. “Nakuba kunjalo, uMnyango Kahulumeni [waseU.S.] uthatha ngokuthi imizamo yamanje yokuqeda izidakamizwa ‘ayanele ukuba inciphise amanarcotic atholwa ababhemi bawo emhlabeni wonke.’”
Ukuthathwa kwezidakamizwa, ukuboshwa, nokugwetshwa kuye kwanda kodwa kuye kwaba njalo futhi nangezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni. Ingxenye encane kuphela yezidakamizwa eziphumayo etholakalayo futhi igcinwe, futhi ezindaweni eziningi kulula ukuzithola kunanini ngaphambili. Ngokwesibonelo, naphezu kwemizamo yokubambisana eyenziwa ngo-1986 yokusesha futhi kubhujiswe izindlu zokusebenzela ososayensi zokulungisa icocaine, ukukhiqizwa kwecocaine ngamahlamvu ecoca eBolivia, eColombia, nasePeru eqenisweni kuye kwanda ngamaphesenti ayi-10 phakathi kuka-1986 no-1987. Icocaine edayiswa manje emigwaqweni imsulwa ngokwengeziwe, futhi amanani aye ehla kakhulu—enikeza ubufakazi bokukhiqizwa kwezidamizwa okwengeziwe.
Umbiko ovela kuyiBehavior Today uthi, “IUnited States inenani eliphakeme kakhulu lokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni abantu abasha kunanoma yimaphi amazwe athuthukile omhlaba, futhi abantu baqala ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa besebencane kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.” Ukuhlola kwembula ukuthi asebezophothula abangaphezu kwengxenye kuzo zonke izikole eziphakeme bayavuma ukuthi bake bazama ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni phakathi nesikhathi sabo sokuphila nokuthi lelinani eliphakeme lenyukela kumaphesenti angama-80 kulabo asebevile eminyakeni yama-20. IUnited States manje inenani elilinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-1,2 zemilutha yezidakamizwa, futhi abengeziwe abayizigidi ezingama-23 basebenzisa izidakamizwa “njengokuzijabulisa.”
Amanye amazwe awakhululekile emqedazweni wezidakamizwa. Iphephandaba laseSoviet iPravda lacaphuna uNgqongqoshe Wezindaba Zangaphakathi uAlexander Vlasov ethi: “Umshikashika wokulwisana nokuluthwa izidakamizwa nobugebengu obuhlobene nakho uye waba omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko umnyango wezindaba zangaphakathi okumelwe ubhekane nawo.” Njengoba kwabikwa kuyiSoviet Weekly, “abantu baseSoviet abayizi-80 000 baye bahlawuliswa ngenxa yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa eminyakeni emibili edlule,” futhi naphezu kokwelashwa kwemilutha, “inkinga isalokhu inkulu, njengoba kunabantu abayizi-131 000 abasebenzisa izidakamizwa ngokusemthethweni.”
IHungary kuthiwa inabantu abasebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa abaphakathi kwezi-30 000 nezi-50 000, futhi iPoland kulinganiselwa ukuthi inemilutha yezidakamizwa nabantu abasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinamandla abalinganiselwa ezi-200 000 kuya ezi-600 000, iningi labo okungabantu abasha abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-25 ubudala. IPakistan ilinganisela ukuthi inenani elicishe libe yizi-313 000 lemilutha esebenzisa iopium nezi-150 000 zemilutha esebenzisa iheroin. Ilungu lephalamende yaseYurophu uSir Jack Stewart Clark ubikezela ukuthi inani labantu abasebenzisa icocaine njalo eNtshonalanga Yurophu lingase lifinyelele ezigidini ezintathu kuya kwezine phakathi neminyaka yawo-1990. ISpain kakade isinenani elilinganiselwa ezi-60 000 kuya ezi-80 000 labantu abasebenzisa icocaine.
Inkinga yezidakamizwa iye yanda kangangokuthi ukuhlola kweZizwe Ezihlangene kwabonisa ukuthi manje iseqophelweni lokufaka engozini “kona kanye ukulondeka kwamadolobhakazi.”
Kungani izidakamizwa zivelele kangaka? Ngempela ngempela, kungani abantu bezithinta nokuzithinta izidakamizwa? Kungani imizamo emikhulu kakhulu yokubhekana nenkinga eya ngokuya inyuka yezidakamizwa yehluleka? Yini engenziwa ukuze kuqedwe inkinga ekhulayo yezidakamizwa?