IJapane Yakha Ibhuloho Phezu Kolwandle Lwayo Oluphakathi Nezwe
Ngumlobeli wePhaphama! eJapane
UKUWELA uLwandle lwaseJapane iSeto ePhakathi Nezwe ngesikebhe kwakuthatha ihora. Kodwa ngoApril 10, 1988, kwavulwa iSeto Ohashi Bridge, ehlanganisa iziqhingi ezimbili ezinkulu zaseJapane, esaseHonshu nesaseShikoku. Ukuwela uLwandle Oluphakathi Nezwe manje kuthatha isikhathi esingaphansi kwemizuzu eyishumi.
Nokho, lobulula abutholakali mahhala. Imali yohambo ngalunye ingu-5 500 yen (cishe u-R112). Kodwa leyomali incane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nazo zonke izindleko: izigidi zezigidi ezingu-1 130 zamayen (izigidi zezigidi ezingu-21,75 zamaRandi) nokuphila kwabantu abangu-17. Futhi, ukwakhiwa kwalo kwadinga cishe iminyaka eyishumi, noma izinsuku eziyizigidi eziyisishiyagalolunye, zokusebenza. Kwakumelwe kube nezizathu ezinhle zomsebenzi obiza kangaka.
Phakathi kokunye, ukuhamba phakathi kwaleziqhingi ezimbili akusaxhomekile emuseni wesimo sezulu esingenakubikezelwa. Ngo-1955 kwacwila isikebhe, kwafa abantu abangu-168. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhuloho libhekwa njengenzuzo engokomnotho esiQhingini saseShikoku sabalimi manje esesihlangene nesaseHonshu, isiqhingi esiyinhloko saseJapane. Ngo-380 yen (cishe u-R7) umuntu ngamunye, ngokungangabazeki isitimela siyindlela eyongayo yokuwela.
Nakuba kubhekiselwa kulo njengebhuloho elilodwa, empeleni liwuchungechunge lwamabhuloho nemigwaqo engamakhilomitha angu-9,4 ehamba phezu kweziqhingi eziyisihlanu ezisoLwandle iSeto ePhakathi Nezwe. Lakhiwe amabhuloho alengayo amathathu, amabhuloho amabili aphaswe ngezindophi, ibhuloho eliphaswe ngezinsimbi, nemigwaqo ewahlanganisayo. Elinye lamabhuloho alengayo, iMinami Bisan-Seto Ohashi, liyibhuloho elilengayo elide kunawo wonke emhlabeni elinemizila yakho kokubili izitimela nezimoto.
UMnu. Tetsuo Yamane weHonshu-Shikoku Bridge Authority eTokyo wanikeza incazelo ethakazelisayo ngokwakhiwa kwalo. Wasebenza emsebenzini wokwakha lelibhuloho iminyaka engu-13 futhi wayengumqondisi wokwakhiwa kwezisekelo zebhuloho.
“Okwakunzima kunakho konke,” kuchaza uMnu. Yamane, “kwakuwukubeka izisekelo zangaphansi kolwandle. Ngawodalimede basolwandle sasakaza umsuka wedwala sase simba idwala ngomkhumbi wokugubha. Khona-ke, amabhokisi okufaka ukhonkolo wezisekelo amakhulu njengezakhiwo ezinezitezi eziyishumi zakhelwa eshashalazini lokulungisela imikhumbi, ayesedonselwa lapho kwakhiwa khona, afakwa emanzini. Sagxisha amatshe kulamabhokisi sase sithela ukhonkolo kuwo, sisebenzisa isikebhe esinomshini wokuxova ukhonkolo esisanda kwenziwa esibizwa ngokuthi iCentury.”
Izisebenzi kwakumelwe zisebenze ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu. “Izisekelo zabekwa ekujuleni ngaphansi kwamanzi, kushona cishe ngamamitha angu-50,” kuqhubeka uMnu. Yamane. “Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsinga eduze kwalapho kwakhiwa khona wawunamandla kakhulu, uhamba ngejubane lasemanzini lamamayela ayisihlanu. Kufana nokusebenza emoyeni ovunguza ngamakhilomitha angu-250 ngehora. Imigodi namabhokisi kakhonkolo emanzini kwakudingeka kuhlolwe lapho umsinga usathulile. Kodwa umuntu wayengakwazi ukubona emanzini. Endaweni engamamitha angu-10 noma angu-20 ngaphansi kwamanzi, awunakubona lutho. Ngezibani esangena nazo ngaphansi kwamanzi ukuze sikhanyise izindawo ezazidinga ukuhlolwa, sathatha izithombe namavideo siqhele ngamasentimitha angu-50.”
Njengoba ibhuloho liseSeto-Inland Sea National Park, kwakumelwe kucatshangelwe ukufanelana kwebhuloho nendawo ezungezile. Isici esiyinhloko sayo “yonke lendawo siyingadi yaseJapane enamatshe ahlelekile,” kusho uProfesa Toshiaki Ohta, owayeklama ibhuloho.
Kwafinyelelwa futhi nokuvumelana kolunye uhlobo. NgoMarch 1988 kwavulwa iSeikan Tunnel, umhubhe ongaphansi kolwandle, oxhumanisa iHokkaido, isiqhingi esisenyakatho saseJapane, neHonshu. Manje ngokuvulwa kweBhuloho iSeto Ohashi, kuye kwenziwa ihhuku lokugcina lokuhlanganisa ndawonye iziqhingi ezine eziyinhloko zaseJapane, iHokkaido, iHonshu, iShikoku, neKyushu. Lagcwaliseka kanjalo iphupho elase linesikhathi eside labantu baseJapane.