Ikhulu Leminyaka Elilambele Izindaba
NGASO sonke isikhathi abantu baye bafuna izindaba zezinto ezenzeka ezindaweni ezibazungezile. Bayakuthanda ukwaziswa ngokushesha nganoma yini evelele eyenzekayo. Esinye isithunywa esaziwayo kwakuyiqhawe elagijima amakhilomitha angu-40 ngo-490 B.C.E. lilibangise eAthene ukuze limemezele ukunqotshwa kwamabutho asePheresiya. Kubikwa ukuthi lafa ekufikeni kwalo ngemva kokumemezela ukunqoba eMarathon.
Namuhla, amathelevishini ayizigidi ezingu-600 kanye nemisakazo eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1,4 kuletha emakhaya izindaba zomhlaba wonke zezenzakalo ezenzeke emahoreni athile noma ngisho nemizuzu nje ngaphambili. Ezinye izenzakalo zibonwa ngaso kanye isikhathi ezenzeka ngaso. Futhi amakhulu amaningi ezigidi zamaphephandaba, kanye namashumi ezigidi zomagazini, kunyatheliswa nsuku zonke ngezilimi eziningi ukuze kwanelise lelizwe elilambele izindaba.
Ukusungula kukaJohannes Gutenberg umshini wokunyathelisa wohlobo oluzihambelayo eminyakeni engaphansi kuka-550 edlule kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukusakazwa kalula kwezindaba ezinyathelisiwe. Nokho amaphephandaba akuqala ayesakazwa ngokulinganiselwe, futhi ngenxa yentengo yawo ephakeme, ngokuvamile kwakungabacebile kuphela ababekwazi ukuwathenga.
Ngokushesha inkululeko yokunyathelisa yaba impikiswano. Ngokwesibonelo, iGazette kaRenaudot yakhishwa ekhulwini le-17 leminyaka ngokuvunyelwa inkosi yaseFrance, futhi izindaba eziningi ezazinyatheliswa zazingaphansi kokuqondisa kukahulumeni. Abahleli bamaphephandaba abambalwa ngalesosikhathi baqunga isibindi babekela izikhulu zezwe labo inselele.
Ukunxanela Izindaba Namuhla
Ukuphela kwekhulu le-19 leminyaka kwaletha ukwanda kwemizila yezindaba, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuchwephesha kwemishini yokunyathelisa nokusakazwa okukhulu kwamaphephandaba ansuku zonke, ikakhulukazi eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika.
Ngokushesha kwasetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obusha, ikakhulukazi umsakazo, ukuze kusakazwe kabanzi izindaba. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1917 ngesikhathi seNguquko yaseRashiya, isiteshi somsakazo somkhumbi iAurora sashushuzela izakhamuzi zasePetrograd (manje okuyiLeningrad) ukuba zivukele uhulumeni.
Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, umsakazo waba ithuluzi elinamandla lokusakazwa kwezinkulumo-ze, ikakhulukazi eJalimane yobuNazi. Phakathi naleyompi iBBC (British Broadcasting Corporation [INhlangano Yokusakaza YaseBrithani]) eLondon nayo futhi yasakaza izindaba zamaZwe Asizanayo engxenyeni enkulu yeYurophu kanye nomhlaba.
Nakuba ithelevishini yayizanyiwe ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II, intuthuko yayo yaphazanyiswa impi. Nokho, ngokushesha yaqhakaza njengomzila wezindaba. Namuhla, izinhlelo zezindaba zethelevishini zethanyelwa amakhulu ezigidi.
Emashumini amuva eminyaka imishini yokunyathelisa iye yaqala ukukhiqiza izincwadi namaphephandaba amaningi aphambili. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, kwanyatheliswa omagazini bamasonto onke abahlaziya izindaba. Omagazini abalungiselelwe izidingo zentsha, abesifazane, abantu abathathe umhlalaphansi, abantu bezemidlalo, abantu abanamakhono emisebenzi yezandla, kungasaphathwa ukubukezwa kwamasonto onke kwezinhlelo zethelevishini, athengwa ubuthaphuthaphu. Ngokwesibonelo, eFrance kuba nomagazini abasha abalinganiselwa ku-200 unyaka ngamunye.
Izindaba Esikhathini Esizayo
Kakade kungenzeka ukudlulela emtatsheni wokwaziswa ngezintambo zevideo ngokusebenzisa izingcingo zokuxhumana. Izimiso zezintambo zikagesi nezemikhumbi-mkhathi manje zinikeza ezinye iziteshi zethelevishini (njengaseUnited States) ezisakaza izindaba ubusuku nemini, futhi abanye babikezela ukuthi isikhathi esizayo sisazoletha okwengeziwe ngokwesilinganiso somhlaba wonke. Ngakho-ke, lelikhulu lama-20 leminyaka kungashiwo ngokufanelekile ukuthi liyikhulu leminyaka elilambele izindaba. Kodwa ingabe izindaba zinokwethenjelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi? Ingabe izinhlobonhlobo zezinkonzo zezokwaziswa ziqinisekisa izindaba ezithembekile, ezinenjongo?
[Isithombe ekhasini 4]
Ukusungula kukaGutenberg umshini wokunyathelisa ozihambelayo kwakuyisinya-thelo esikhulu sokusakaza izindaba nemibono