Ukuhlolisisa Uhulumeni

Ingxenye 9—Ukubusa Komuntu Kufinyelela Umvuthwandaba Wakho!

Izimiso zezombangazwe ezihlanganisa izizwe eziningana: imibuso, izinhlangano, izinhlangano ezimiswe ngezivumelwano, noma imikhandlu okwakhiwa phakathi kwemibuso yezizwe kungaba ngesisekelo sesikhashana noma esihlala njalo ekuphishekeleni imigomo efanayo ehlanganisa izizwe eziningana, igunya noma izithakazelo.

UOCTOBER 5, 539 B.C.E., wathola umuzi waseBabiloni ufinya ngendololwane. Izikhulu eziphambili zikahulumeni eziyinkulungwane zazithole isimemo sakusihlwa sivela eNkosini uBelishasari. Nakuba babesongelwa amabutho avimbezelayo amaMede namaPheresiya, uBelishasari nezikhulu zakhe zezombangazwe babengakhathazekile. Phela, izindonga zomuzi zazingenakubhodlozeka. Kwakungekho mbangela yokwesaba ngalesosikhathi.

Khona-ke, ngaphandle kokuxwayisa, phakathi nemicikilisho yomkhosi, iminwe yesandla somuntu ongabonakali yaqala ukubhala amazwi abikezela okubi odongeni lwesigodlo: MENÉ, MENÉ, TEKÉL, UFARSÍN. Amadolo enkosi aqala ukushayana, futhi ubuso bayo bashintsha.—Daniyeli 5:5, 6, 25.

UDaniyeli, umIsrayeli nomkhulekeli kaNkulunkulu owayedelelwa uBelishasari nezikhulu zikahulumeni wakhe ezikanye naye, wabizwa ukuba azochaza. “Nansi incazelo yalento,” kuqala uDaniyeli, “MENÉ: uNkulunkulu ubalile uMbuso wakho, uwuqedile. TEKÉL: ulinganisiwe esilinganisweni, ufunyenwe ulula. PERÉS: umbuso wakho wahlukene, unikelwe kumaMede namaPheresiya.” Lesiprofetho sasingabikezeli neze okuhle. Ekugcwalisekeni, “ngalobobusuku uBelishasari inkosi yamaKaledi wabulawa.”—Daniyeli 5:26-28, 30.

Ngobusuku obubodwa, olunye uhlobo lokubusa komuntu lwathathelwa indawo ngolunye! Uma sibheka ukuketula okungokombangazwe okufanayo kwamuva eMpumalanga Yurophu, singase sizibuze ukuthi okwenzeka kuBelishasari kungasho okuthile yini osukwini lwethu. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi lokhu kubikezela okuthile okubi ngakho konke ukubusa komuntu? Sinezizathu eziningi zokucabanga ngokungathi sína ngalokhu, ngenxa yokuthi “zonke izimpucuko ziyanyamalala,” kusho uprofesa waseYunivesithi yaseColumbia uJacques Barzun, enezela: “Ukuphela okwesabekayo kweGrisi noma iRoma akuyona inganekwane.”

Isintu siye sasungula lonke uhlobo lukahulumeni ongacatshangwa. Ngemva kwezinkulungwane zeminyaka yokuzama nokwehluleka, iyini imiphumela? Ingabe ukubusa komuntu kuye kwaba okwanelisayo? Ingabe kungawanikeza amakhambi ezinkingeni zesintu ezanda njalo?

Izithembiso, Izithembiso!

Impendulo engokwengxenye inikezwa uBakul Rajni Patel, umqondisi wesikhungo esiphambili sokucwaninga eBombay, eNdiya. Esola abezombangazwe ngokuthi “bazenzisa ngokuphelele,” uthi: “Kuwumkhuba eNdiya nakwezinye izizwe zamaZwe Asathuthuka ukuba abaholi bame emapulatifomu futhi bakhulume ngendlela yobuciko ‘ngentuthuko’ ‘nenqubekelaphambili.’ Yiphi intuthuko nenqubekelaphambili? Obani esibenza izithutha? Kumelwe nje kuphela ubheke izibalo ezethusayo ezithinta amaZwe Asathuthuka: izingane ezingu-40 000 ziyafa nsuku zonke ngenxa yezifo ezingavikelwa.” Wenezela ngokuthi okungenani izingane eziyizigidi ezingu-80 azondlekile ngokwanele noma zilala zingadlile nsuku zonke ebusuku.

‘Kodwa ake ume kancane,’ ungase uphikise. ‘Okungenani nikezani abezombangazwe udumo ngokuzama. Uhlobo oluthile lukahulumeni luyadingeka ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ezingathi sína ezibhekene nezwe namuhla.’ Yiqiniso, kodwa umbuzo uwukuthi: Ingabe kufanele kube uhulumeni owenziwe ngumuntu noma kumelwe kube uhulumeni owenziwe uNkulunkulu?

Ungamane uthi lombuzo awusho lutho kangako, naye ucabanga njengoba kwenza abantu abaningi, ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhetha ukuhlala engahilelekile. UPapa John Paul II ngokusobala ucabanga ukuthi uNkulunkulu uye wakushiyela kubantu ukuba bazibuse kangcono ngangokunokwenzeka, njengoba lapho evakashele eKenya eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, wathi: “Inselele ebalulekile ngamaKristu yileyo yomzabalazo wezombangazwe.” Waqhubeka: “Embusweni izakhamuzi zinelungelo nomsebenzi wokuhlanganyela emizabalazweni yezombangazwe. . . . Bekungaba yiphutha ukucabanga ukuthi umKristu ngamunye akumelwe ahileleke kulemikhakha yokuphila.”

Abantu, beqhubeka kulenkolelo, futhi ngokuvamile ngokusekelwa inkolo, sekuyisikhathi eside befuna uhulumeni ophelele. Lonke uhlobo olusha lukahulumeni luye lwahambisana nezithembiso ezinhle. Kodwa ngisho nezithembiso ezizwakala kangcono kakhulu ziyaxabanisa lapho zingagcinwa. (Bheka esithi “Izithembiso Ezingahambisani Nezinto Ezingokoqobo” ekhasini 23.) Ngokusobala, abantu namanje abangawufinyelelanga uhulumeni okahle.

Ukubhukula Ndawonye

Ingabe isazi sesayensi yenuzi uHarold Urey sasinayo impendulo? Saphikisa ngokuthi “alikho ikhambi eliletha intuthuko ezinkingeni zezwe ngaphandle kokuthi ekugcineni kufike uhulumeni wezwe okwazi ukumisa umthetho phezu kwawo wonke umhlaba.” Kodwa akubona bonke abaqiniseka kangako ukuthi lokhu kuyosebenza. Esikhathini esidlule, ukubambisana okuphumelelayo phakathi kwamalungu ezindikimba zezizwe zonke bekungafinyeleleki ngokoqobo. Phawula nasi isibonelo esivelele.

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I, ngoJanuary 16, 1920, inhlangano ehlanganisa izizwe eziningana, iNhlangano Yezizwe, yamiswa inamalungu amelela amazwe angu-42. Kunokuba yakhiwe njengohulumeni wezwe, yayihloselwe ukuba iphalamende lomhlaba wonke, iklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ubunye bomhlaba, ngokuyinhloko ngokuxazulula izingxabano phakathi kwemibuso emikhulu yezizwe, ngaleyondlela kuvinjelwe impi. Ngo-1934 amalungu ayesenyuke aba izizwe ezingu-58.

Nokho, leNhlangano yayimiselwe ezisekelweni ezintengantengayo. “IMpi Yezwe I yayiphele kulindelwe okuhle kakhulu, kodwa isimo esingokoqobo kwakuseduze ukuba sifike,” kuchaza iColumbia History of the World. “Amathemba agxile eNhlanganweni Yezizwe abonakala eyiphupho nje.”

NgoSeptember 1, 1939, kwaqalisa iMpi Yezwe II, ifaka leNhlangano emgodini wokungasebenzi. Nakuba ingazange iphele ngokomthetho kwaze kwaba ngoApril 18, 1946, yafa, kuzo zonke izinhloso nezinjongo, “njengosemusha,” ingenayo ngisho neminyaka engu-20 ubudala. Ngaphambi kokungcwatshwa kwayo okungokomthetho, kakade yayisithathelwe isikhundla enye inhlangano ehlanganisa izizwe eziningana, iZizwe Ezihlangene, eyamiswa ngo-October 24, 1945, inamalungu ezizwe ezingu-51. Wawuyophumelela kanjani lomzamo omusha wokubhukula?

Umzamo Wesibili

Abanye abantu bathi leNhlangano yahluleka ngoba yayinezimfa ekuklanyweni kwayo. Omunye umbono awusoli leNhlangano ngokuyinhloko kodwa usola ohulumeni ngabanye ababengabaza ukuyinikeza ukusekela okufanele. Akungabazeki ukuthi yomibili lemibono ineqiniso. Nokho, abasunguli beZizwe Ezihlangene bazama ukufunda ekwehlulekeni kwaleNhlangano nokwelapha obunye bobuthakathaka leNhlangano eyabubonisa.

Umlobi uR. Baldwin ubiza iZizwe Ezihlangene ngokuthi “ziphakeme kakhulu kunaleNhlangano endala ngamandla azo okwakha ukuhleleka kwezwe kokuthula, ukubambisana, umthetho, namalungelo abantu.” Eqinisweni, ezinye zezinhlangano zayo ezikhethekile ezingabameleli, phakathi kwazo okuyiWHO (World Health Organization [iNhlangano Yezwe Lonke Yezempilo]), iUNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund), neFAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) [INhlangano Yokudla Nezolimo], ziye zaphishekela imigomo etusekayo ngempumelelo ethile. Okunye futhi okubonakala kubonisa ukuthi uBaldwin uqinisile iqiniso lokuthi iZizwe Ezihlangene manje sekuyiminyaka engu-45 zisebenza, izikhathi eziphindwe kabili kuneNhlangano Yezizwe.

Into eyinhloko eyafezwa iUN ukusheshisa ukuqedwa kwamazwe aphethwe amanye, okungenani bekwenza “kube okuhleleke ngokwengeziwe kunokuba bekungenziwa ngenye indlela,” ngokomhleli wephephandaba uRichard Ivor. Uthi futhi lenhlangano “yasiza ekunciphiseni impi yokubhekana ngeziqu zamehlo yaba inkundla yokulwa ngomlomo.” Futhi utusa “isibonelo sokusebenza ngokubambisana kwembulunga yonke” eye yasiza ekuyivezeni.

Yebo, abanye baphikisa ngokuthi usongo lwempi yenuzi lwenza okuningi ekuvimbeleni ukubheduka kweMpi Yokubhekana Ngeziqu Zamehlo kunokuba kwenza iZizwe Ezihlangene. Kunokuba igcine isithembiso sihlanganiswe egameni layo, ukuhlanganiswa kwezizwe, iqiniso liwukuthi lenhlangano ngokuvamile ayenzanga lutho ngaphandle kokuba ikhonze njengomxhumanisi, izama ukuvimbela amazwe ahlukene ekubeni angabambani ngobhongwana. Ngisho nakulendima yokuba umlamuli, ayizange iphumelele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Njengoba umlobi uBaldwin echaza, njengeNhlangano endala, iZizwe Ezihlangene azinamandla okwenza okungaphezu kwalokho okuvunywa umbuso oyilungu lenhlangano omangalelwe.

Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kusekela okungekhona okwenhliziyo yonke kwamalungu eUN kubonakala ngokungazimiseli kwawo ukukhipha imali yokugcina lenhlangano isebenza. Ngokwesibonelo, iUnited States yagodlela iFAO izimali zayo ngenxa yesinqumo esibhekwa njengesibucayi ngezwe lakwaIsrael nangamazwe ayemelela iPalestina. Kamuva, lomxhasi omkhulu weUN ngokwezimali wavuma ukukhokha okwanele ukuze alondoloze ukhetho lwayo kodwa washiya okusengaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zesikweletu kungakhokhiwe.

UVarindra Tarzie Vittachi, umqondisi owayeyiphini weUNICEF, wabhala ngo-1988 ukuthi uyenqaba “ukungenela iqembu elaziwayo elibulala ngokungemthetho” lalabo abaphikisa iZizwe Ezihlangene. Ezibiza ngokuthi “umcusumbuli othembekile,” nokho uyavuma ukuthi ukuhlasela okukuyo yonke indawo kwenziwa abantu abathi “iZizwe Ezihlangene ‘ziwukukhanya okuhlulekile,’ ukuthi ayizange iphile ngokwezindinganiso zayo eziphakeme ezilindelekile, ukuthi ayizange ikwazi ukufeza imisebenzi yayo yokugcina ukuthula nokuthi izinhlangano zayo zokuyithuthukisa, ngaphandle kwezimbalwa ezivelele, azizange zikuthethelele ukuba khona kwazo.”

Ubuthakathaka obuyinhloko beZizwe Ezihlangene buvezwa umlobi uIvor, lapho ebhala: “IUN, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini enye engase iyenze, ngeke isiqede isono. Nokho, okungenani ingenza ukona komhlaba wonke kube nzima kakhulu futhi iyokwenza isoni sibe necala elikhulu ngokwengeziwe. Kodwa ayikaphumeleli ekuguquleni izinhliziyo nezingqondo zabantu abahola amazwe noma zabantu abayingxenye yawo.”—Omalukeke sizenzele.

Ngakho, isici sokufa esitholakala eZizweni Ezihlangene siyefana nesici sokufa esitholakala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokubusa komuntu. Akukho nolulodwa lwazo olukwaziyo ukugxilisa kubantu uthando olungenabugovu lokulungileyo, inzondo ngokubi, nenhlonipho ngegunya okuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuze kube nempumelelo. Cabanga ukuthi ziningi kanjani izinkinga zembulunga yonke ebezingase zincishiswe ukuba abantu bebezimisele ukuqondiswa izimiso zokulunga! Ngokwesibonelo, umbiko wezindaba okhuluma ngokungcola eAustralia uthi lenkinga ‘ayibangelwa ukunganaki kodwa ibangelwa yisimo sengqondo.’ Sibiza ukuhaha ngokuthi imbangela eyinhloko, lesihloko sithi “inkambiso kahulumeni iye yayenza yaba yimbi kakhulu lenkinga.”

Abantu abangaphelele bamane nje abanakukwazi ukwakha ohulumeni abaphelele. Njengoba umlobi uThomas Carlyle aphawula ngo-1843: “Ekugcineni bonke ohulumeni bawuphawu lwangempela lwabantu bawo, nokuhlakanipha kanye nobuwula babo.” Ubani ongaphikisana nokuba nengqondo okunjengalokho?

‘Niyakunqanyulwa Nibe Izicucwana!’

Manje, ekhulwini lama-20 leminyaka, umvuthwandaba wokubusa komuntu uye wafinyelelwa. Ohulumeni babantu baye bahlongoza ukwakha uzungu olunenzondo nokweyisa okukhulu ngokumelene nokubusa kwaphezulu obekulokhu kukhona. (Qhathanisa noIsaya 8:11-13.) Baye benza kanjalo, hhayi kanye, kodwa kabili, bakha okokuqala iNhlangano Yezizwe kwase kuba iZizwe Ezihlangene. IsAmbulo 13:14, 15 sibiza lomphumela ngokuthi “umfanekiso wesilo.” Lokho kuyafaneleka ngoba ziwumfanekiso waso sonke isimiso sezinto sabantu sezombangazwe emhlabeni. Njengesilo sasendle, ababusi balesimiso sezombangazwe baye benza izakhamuzi zomhlaba zaba izisulu zabo futhi sabangela usizi olukhulu.

INhlangano yaphela ngenhlekelele ngo-1939. Inhlekelele efanayo ilindele iZizwe Ezihlangene ekugcwalisekeni kwesiprofetho seBhayibheli: “Zibhinceni, kepha niyakudangala, yebo, zibhinceni, niyakuphela amandla nokho. Lulekanani nokululekana, kepha kuyakuchithwa.”—Isaya 8:9, 10.

Kuyokwenzeka nini lokhu kuchotshozwa kokugcina ‘komfanekiso wesilo,’ kanye nesimiso sokubusa komuntu osibonisayo? UJehova uyokuphelisa nini ukubusa komuntu okubekela ubukhosi bakhe inselele? IBhayibheli alinikezi usuku oluqondile, kodwa isiprofetho seBhayibheli nezenzakalo zezwe zithi: ‘Ngokushesha okukhulu.’—Luka 21:25-32.

Umbhalo wasodongeni ukhona ukuze ubonwe yibo bonke abazihluphayo ngokuwubona. Njengoba ngokuqinisekile umbuso kaBelishasari wabekwa esilinganisweni futhi watholakala ulula, ngokuqinisekile ukubusa komuntu kuphelele kuye kwahlulelwa futhi kwatholakala kuntula. Kubekezelela ukonakala okungokombangazwe, kuvuse izimpi, kuthuthukise ubuzenzisi kanye nobugovu balo lonke uhlobo, futhi kukushaye indiva ukulungiselela abasekeli bakho izindlu, ukudla, izikole, kanye nokunakekelwa okungokwempilo okwanele.

Lapho ukubusa komuntu kuhamba, kuyohamba, njengokungathi, ngobusuku obubodwa. Kukhona namuhla, kusasa kuhambile—kuthathelwe indawo uhulumeni woMbuso kaNkulunkulu ophelele ekugcineni!

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 23]

Izithembiso Ziqhathaniswa Nezimo Ezingokoqobo

Imibuso engenahulumeni (Anarchies) ithembisa inkululeko engenamingcele, ephelele; isimo esingokoqobo siwukuthi ngaphandle kukahulumeni asikho isimiso semithetho noma izimiso abantu abangabambisana ngaphakathi kwaso ngenjongo yezinzuzo zawo wonke umuntu; inkululeko engenamingcele iphumela empini.

Imibuso yamakhosi (Monarchies) ithembisa ukusimama nobunye ngaphansi kokubusa kwenkosi eyodwa; isimo esingokoqobo siwukuthi amakhosi angabantu, anolwazi olulinganiselwe, ephazanyiswa ukungapheleli nokushiyeka kobuntu, mhlawumbe eshukunyiswa ngisho nayizisusa ezingalungile, ayafa ngokwawo; ngakho noma ikuphi ukusimama nobunye kuhlala isikhathi esifushane.

Ohulumeni bezikhulu (Aristocracies) bathembisa ukulungiselela ababusi abangcono kakhulu; isimo esingokoqobo siwukuthi babusa ngoba benengcebo, ukuhlobana okuthile ngegazi, noma amandla, hhayi ngempela ngoba benokuhlakanipha, ukuqonda, noma uthando nokukhathalela abanye; umbusi ontulayo wombuso wamakhosi umane nje athathelwe indawo ababusi abaningi bakahulumeni wezikhulu okhethiwe.

Imibuso yentando yeningi (Democracies) ithembisa ukuthi bonke abantu bangase banqume ngenzuzo yabo bonke; isimo esingokoqobo siwukuthi izakhamuzi zintula kokubili ulwazi nezisusa eziqotho ezidingekile zokuqhubeka zenza izinqumo eziqondile ngenzuzo yabo bonke; umbuso wentando yeningi wachazwa uPlato ‘njengohlobo lukahulumeni olukhangayo olwande ngokuhlukahluka nokungahleleki, nolunikeza uhlobo oluthile lokulingana kokulinganayo nokungalingani ngokufanayo.’

Imibuso yomashiqela (Autocracies) ithembisa ukwenza izinto nokwenza kanjalo ngaphandle kokulibala; isimo esingokoqobo siwukuthi, njengoba umhleli wephephandaba uOtto Friedrich ebhala, ukuthi “ngisho nabantu abanezisusa ezinhle kakhulu, lapho nje bengena emandleni ezombangazwe, kumelwe babhekane nesidingo sokuqondisa izenzo lezo ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile ababeyothambekela ekubeni bazibize ngokuthi zikhohlakele”; ngakho ababusi abangomashiqela “abahle” baphendukela ekubeni ababusi abalawulwa amandla abazimisele ukudela izidingo zezakhamuzi zabo ngenxa yezifiso zokuvelela noma ubugovu babo siqu.

Ohulumeni bobuFasi (Fascist governments) bathembisa ukulawula ezomnotho ngenzuzo yabo bonke; isimo esingokoqobo siwukuthi benza kanjalo ngempumelelo encane kakhulu futhi lokhu kubizela inkululeko yabo siqu; ngokudumisa impi nobuzwe, bakha imibuso yezombangazwe eyesabekayo njengeItaly ngaphansi kukaMussolini neJalimane ngaphansi kukaHitler.

Ohulumeni bobuKhomanisi (Communist governments) bathembisa ukwakha Isimiso Sokubusa Esingenaphutha, umphakathi ongenazigaba onezakhamuzi ezijabulela ukulingana okuphelele phambi komthetho; isimo esingokoqobo siwukuthi izigaba nokungalingani kusekhona nokuthi abezombangazwe abakhohlakele baphanga umuntu ovamile; umphumela kuye kwaba ukwenqatshwa kuyo yonke indawo komqondo wobukhomanisi, izinqaba zabo zisongelwa ukuwohlozwa izinhlangano ezishisekela ubuzwe nokwehlukana.

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 23]

Maqondana NeZizwe Ezihlangene

▪ IUN okwamanje inamalungu angu-160. Okuwukuphela kwamazwe anoma ibuphi ubungako angeyona ingxenye yazo yiwo womabili amazwe iKorea neSwitzerland; ukhetho olwenziwa abantu baseSwitzerland olwaqhutshwa ngoMarch 1986 lwabenqaba ubulungu ngesilinganiso sabantu abathathu koyedwa.

▪ Ngaphandle kwenhlangano yayo eyinhloko, iqondisa ezinye izinhlangano ezikhethekile ezingu-55, amagatsha akhethekile, imikhandlu elwela amalungelo abantu, nezinhlangano zokugcina ukuthula.

▪ Isizwe ngasinye esiyilungu sinikezwa ukhetho olulodwa kuyiGeneral Assembly, nokho isizwe esithandwa kakhulu iChina, sinezakhamuzi ezilinganiselwa ku-22 000 ngesakhamuzi ngasinye selungu elinezakhamuzi ezincane, iSt. Kitts neNevis.

▪ Phakathi nokugujwa komkhosi woNyaka Wokuthula Wezizwe Zonke WeZizwe Ezihlangene ngo-1986, izwe labhekana nezimpi ezingu-37 ezalwiwa ngezikhali, ngaphezu kwanoma isiphi esinye isikhathi kusukela ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II.

▪ Kuwo wonke amazwe angamalungu eUN, amaphesenti angu-37 anezakhamuzi ezimbalwa kunokuba kunjalo “ngesizwe” esinobunye sezizwe zonke soFakazi BakaJehova; amaphesenti angu-59 anezakhamuzi ezimbalwa kunenani labantu eliye laba khona emkhosini weSikhumbuzo sokufa kukaKristu kulonyaka.

[Isithombe ekhasini 24]

Kuye kwaba ngaphezu kwamandla abantu abangaphelele ukuba balungiselele uhulumeni ophelele

INhlangano Yezizwe

IZizwe Ezihlangene