Ukubuka Okwezwe
UKUBALWA KWEZINSUKU OKUNGANEMBILE
Emashumini amaningi eminyaka, izazi-mlando nezazi ezicwaninga imivubukulo ngokuvamile ziye zathembela ekusebenziseni iradiocarbon ukuze zithole ukuthi umvubukulo mdala kangakanani. Nokho, ngokukamagazini iTime, “lokho kucabangela, nakuba kuwusizo, futhi kwaziwa njengokungaqinisekile kahle.” Lomagazini wenezela ngokuthi “icarbon 14 iyalingana uma isemoyeni—futhi ngaleyondlela isilinganiso sayo esisetshenziswa izitshalo—kuthiwa siyashintshashintsha ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi lokho kungathinta imiphumela yokubala isikhathi ngokuhlola okwenziwa ngecarbon.” Ngemva kokuqhathanisa imiphumela yokuhlola ngecarbon 14 nokuhlola kweuranium-thorium, iqembu lezazi zemivubukulo eLamont-Doherty Geological Laboratory ePalisades, eNew York, zathola ukuthi “isikhathi esitholakale ngeradiocarbon singase sibe nephutha ngeminyaka eminingi ecishe ibe ngu-3 500—ngokunokwenzeka eyanele ukuphoqelela ushintsho ekucabangeni kwamanje ngemibuzo ebaluleke kakhulu enjengokuthi bafika nini okokuqala abantu eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika.”
UKUNCIPHISA UMZIMBA NGOKUSEBENZISA IZINGCINGO
IJerusalem Post yabika ngomkhuba wamuva eIsrael kubantu abafuna ukunciphisa umzimba. Ukuze banciphise isilinganiso sokudla abakudlayo, abanye bebecela odokotela bezokwelapha noma bamazinyo ukuba babophe imihlathi yabo bayithi ngqi ngocingo. Izikhulu zaqaphela lomkhuba lapho “izimemezelo zokukhangisa ezimemezela ngokuboshwa kwemihlathi ngocingo ziqala ukuvela emaphephandabeni.” Lomkhuba wenqatshelwe umthetho; uMnyango woPhiko Lwezempilo eIsrael uye wakwazi ukuyekisa odokotela bamazinyo abaningi ukwenza loluhlobo lokubopha imihlathi ngocingo ezigulini. NgokwePost, uDkt. Moshe Kelman, umholi woMnyango Wamazinyo woPhiko Lwezempilo, wathi umnyango wakhe ucwaninga ngembangela yokuzibulala kwentombazane eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala emihlathi yayo yayiboshwe ngqí ngocingo ukuze inciphise umzimba.
KUSOLWA UKUNGCOLA KOMOYA
“Isizukulwane ngasinye siya siba buthaka njengoba ukungcola kunqwabelana futhi kuwohloza isimiso sokuzivikela komzimba,” kusho isazi sokungasabeli kahle komzimba ezintweni ezithile uDkt. Jean Monro wasesibhedlela saseBrithani iBreakspear Semithi Yokuzwela Komzimba Nendawo Ezungezile. Ukungcola kwendawo, ukwehluleka ukuncelisa abantwana ibele, ukufakwa kwamakhemikhali ekudleni nasemanzini, nokusebenzisa ngokungahlakaniphi imithi nezidakamizwa kucashunwa njengezici eziyimbangela. Izifo ezisukela esifubeni somoya kuya emdlavuzeni, ngisho nezinkinga zokuziphatha kwabantwana, ziba umphumela wakho. Njengoba kwabikwa kuyiTimes yaseLondon, abantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-17, okungamaphesenti athi mawabe ngu-30 enani labantu abahlala eBrithani, kungenzeka baphethwe yizifo ezibangelwa izimo zendawo, abaningi babo bengazi.
IZIMFUDU EZINOBUDLOVA
EAustralia izikhulu zezikole zibhekene nenkinga eyandayo yobudlova kubantwana. NgokweNew York Times, abanye basola imfashini ethandwayo yeTeen-Age Mutant Ninja Turtles. Omunye uchwepheshe wathi izingane “zifunda ukuthi ubudlova, njengoba busetshenziswa abantu abalungile, buyikhambi kuzo zonke izinkinga futhi lokhu kube sekuboniswa ekuziphatheni kwazo.” Izikole eziningi zaseAustralia ziye zavala izikhali zokudlala, zixwayisa abafundi ukuba “bashiye ekhaya izinsabula zabo zamaNinja, amanunchaku, nezinduku.” Leliphephandaba linezela ukuthi “naphezu kokukhathazeka okugcwele yonke indawo ngemiphumela yeziMfudu kubantwana, kokubili ibhayisikobho iNinja Turtle nemidlalo ewuchungechunge yethelevishini kuyazuza.”
IMFIHLO YOKUPHILA ISIKHATHI ESIDE
Irekhodi elisha lomhlaba lokuphila isikhathi eside liye laqoshwa abantu baseJapane abanesilinganiso seminyaka elindeleke kwabesifazane esifinyelela eminyakeni engu-81,77 neminyaka engu-75,91 kwabesilisa. Ochwepheshe bathi lokhu kubangelwa “ukwehla kwenani lokufa kwezinsana nabantu abaseminyakeni ephakathi,” kubika iMainichi Daily News. Ngokusho kweDaily Yomiuri, eminyakeni engu-112 ubudala, uWaka Shirahama, ongumuntu omdala kunabo bonke eJapane, nongomunye wabantu bakhona abangu-3,298 abaneminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, wathi imfihlo yokuphila kwakhe isikhathi eside “iwukuphila ukuphila kwenkuthalo, kokulinganisela nokokwethembeka.” Kwenye ingxoxo naye wanezela: “Yidla zonke izinhlobo zokudla ngaphandle kokukhetha okuthandayo nongakuthandi, lala kakhulu, futhi ungakhohlwa ukuhlala umoyizela.”
HLANZANI AMA“KLONG”
Amaklong, imifula yamanzi yaseBangkok ekhangayo, nehazayo enoklele lwezindlu ezakhiwe phezu kwezinsika, aye asiza ekwenzeni ukuba inhloko-dolobha yaseThailand ibe edumile. Kodwa umagazini iAsiaweek uphawula ukuthi “eminye imifula yamanzi iye yaphenduka izitamkoko ezingcolile, ezinuka ukubola kukadoti nendle.” Amakhaya amaningi asosebeni lwamaklong awaxhunyiwe esimisweni saseBangkok sokuthutha indle futhi awafinyeleleki ngamaloli athutha udoti. Umphumela uwukuthi: Nsuku zonke amathani angu-140 endle nokungcola aphelela eMfuleni omkhulukazi waseThailand iChao Phraya, ofaka amanzi kumaklong. Amanye amaklong, njengoba egcwele ukungcola futhi engenawo umoya-mpilo, akhipha iphunga elibi okunzima ngabantu abahlala ogwini lomfula ukuba balibekezelele. Khona-ke kuye kwamiswa umkhankaso wokuhlanza amaklong. IAsiaweek iphawula ukuthi “inqwaba yezisebenzi zokuzithandela iye yasabela kulomkhankaso.”
AMABHAYISIKOBHO AGCWELE UKUBULALA
INew York Times yaphawula ukuthi: “Uma unomuzwa wokuthi namuhla amabhayisikobho agcwele ukubulala nobudlova kunanini ngaphambili, nokuthi isibalo sezidumbu siphakeme kakhulu uqinisile.” Ubuchwepheshe besimanje nezinto ezintsha zepulastiki zenza ukuba abaqondisi bokwenziwa kwamabhayisikobho bakwazi ukunezela okubonakala kungokoqobo okushaqisayo ezigcawini ezibonisa ubudlova. Amanye amabhayisikobho athandwa kakhulu ahlanganisa amakhulu okufa ngobudlova. Ngokwesibonelo, leliphephandaba lakhuluma ngebhayisikobho iDie Hard 2 okwabulawa kuyo ngonya abantu abangaphezu kuka-260, kuhlanganise nenye indoda eyagwazwa ugebhezi lweso kwayophumela ebuchosheni nenye eyadonselwa enjinini yendiza idonswa umoya. Ngokwaso lesosihloko, inani elikhulu lalamabhayisikobho “liwuhlobo lwamabhayisikobho anezigcawu ezethusayo agcwele kakhulu emakethe yanamuhla.”
UKUBULAWA KWEZIMVU ZAMANZI?
Ukuqoqa izimvu zamanzi ezingu-30 500 okuhlongozwa ogwini olusentshonalanga yeNingizimu Afrika kuye kwadonsa ukusabela okungokomzwelo okukhulu kakhulu komphakathi kangangokuthi lelisu liyekiwe. Nokho, abanye bezokuvikelwa kwemvelo bakholelwa ukuthi ukukhetha izimvu zamanzi ngokubukeka kwazo kuyadingeka endaweni yezilwane zamanzi. NgokweStar saseGoli, ukuminyana kwezimvu zamanzi eziyizigidi ezingu-1,3 eKapa nasogwini lwaseNamibia kakade sekusongela indawo yezilwane zamanzi. Isazi sokuvikelwa kwemvelo uVic Kabalin sithi: “Eminyakeni eminingi edlule isiQhingi iSeal . . . sasiphawulwa ngezimvu zamanzi zaso zoboya zaseKapa kanye nezindawo zaso zokuzalela amahlengethwa. Manje ubona izimvu zamanzi kuphela.” Siyini isizathu salokhu kungalingani kwendawo yokuhlala nezilwane? IStar sithi: “Izilwane ezidla izimvu zamanzi zaseKapa ngokuyinhloko, oshaka abakhulu, ziye zancishiswa kakhulu ngamanetha nangokudoba. Ngakho, izimvu zamanzi eziyizigidi ezingu-1,3 noma ngaphezudlwana . . . zinokuncane kokulawula amanani azo ngaphandle komuntu.”
ULIMI OLUNGAVAMILE
Vakashela iGomera, esinye seziqhingi eziyisikhombisa zeziQhingi zaseCanary, futhi ngokunokwenzeka uyokuzwa okukhala njengezinyoni okuthiwa amacanary ezisebenzisa isikhulisa-zwi. Njengoba kwabikwa kuyiHawke’s Bay Herald-Tribune yaseNew Zealand, isilbo, noma ulimi lwekhwela, osekungamakhulu eminyaka lusetshenziswa abantu abahlala kulesiqhingi njengolimi lwesibili. Nakuba kuthatha iminyaka emihlanu ukulufunda futhi kudinga ikhono elikhulu, lwalusetshenziswa kakhulu izigqila ezazisebenza endaweni yalesisiqhingi enezintaba, njengoba luhamba ibanga elide kunolimi olukhulunywayo. Omunye olusebenzisayo uthi: “Ungasho noma yini ngokushaya ikhwela futhi uma isimo sezulu sisihle ingazwakala endaweni eqhele ngamakhilomitha amathathu.” Ngenxa yokuthi uhlamvu ngalunye lwamagama lunomsindo walo wekhwela, ngisho namagama esimanje angakhulunywa ngekhwela.
IZINGOZI ZEZINDIZA
Umakhi omkhulu wezindiza, uBoeing, ubehlola izinga lezingozi zezindiza nezimbangela zazo. NgokweWall Street Journal, lomakhi uye wahlola ukuphahlazeka kwezindiza ezingu-850 okukhulu okuye kwenzeka kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1950. UBoeing uthi “amaphutha enziwa izisebenzi zasezindizeni aye abangela amaphesenti angu-72 ezingozi phakathi neminyaka engu-10 edlule.” Umbiko wathi uma inani lohambo lwezindiza luqhubeka nokwanda ngezinga elanda ngalo manje nenani lezingozi linganciphi ngokushesha okukhudlwana, phakathi neshumi leminyaka elizayo, ingqikithi “iyoba isilinganiso sokuphahlazeka okukhulu kwezindiza ezingu-20 ngonyaka kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezindiza . . . , ngaphezulu kusukela kwezingu-15 manje.”
UKUFA KWASEZIMAYINI
“Ngethani ngalinye legolide elimbiwayo, kufa isisebenzi esisodwa sasezimayini,” kubika iStar saseGoli, eNingizimu Afrika. Ngokwezibalo ezakhishwa iChamber of Mines, kuye kwafa isilinganiso sabantu abangaphezu kwabangu-560 minyaka yonke ezimayini zaseNingizimu Afrika eminyakeni eyisikhombisa edlule. Nakuba inani labafayo liye labonisa ukwehla kancane, uMnu. Reinoud Boers, isikhulu esiwumxhumanisi weChamber of Mines, uthi: “Iqiniso liwukuthi ukumba ezimayini kuwumsebenzi oyingozi. Nakuba singase sifise ukuba kungafi muntu, leli iqiniso lomsebenzi wasezimayini emhlabeni wonke.” Ingxenye yabafayo ibangelwa ukuqhuma kokunqwabelana nokuwa kwamatshe. “Izimayini zaseNingizimu Afrika,” kuchaza uMnu. Boers, “zingezijule kunazo zonke emhlabeni (ngamakhilomitha afinyelela kwamane) futhi ngaleyondlela sibhekene nakho kokubili ukushisa nomfutho omkhulu wamadwala. Futhi simba idwala elinzima kunanoma yiliphi emhlabeni.”