Ukuziphatha Kokusebenzisa Ugwayi?
“IB.AT. [British American Tobacco] Uganda 1984 Ltd. ayikholelwa ukuthi ukubhema ugwayi kuyingozi empilweni.” Lenkulumo, eyabhalwa encwadini eyayiya eMnyangweni Wezempilo e-Entebbe, eUganda, iye yavusa intukuthelo eBrithani naphezu kokusolwa kwezindinganiso eziphakamisa imibuzo ezamabhizinisi inezindinganiso ezibandlululayo. Ngani?
Izixwayiso zezempilo zikahulumeni kumelwe zivele emaphaketheni kagwayi emazweni aseNtshonalanga lapho umkhuba wokubhema manje wehla khona ngephesenti elilodwa ngonyaka. Nokho. emazweni asathuthuka, izimfuneko ezinjalo ezingokomthetho ngokuvamile azikho, futhi lapho zikhona, zingase zingabonwa uma ababhemayo bethenga imicu kagwayi, kunokuwuthenga usephaketheni. Ukuthengwa kukagwayi kulawomazwe kwenyuka ngamaphesenti amabili minyaka yonke. Kodwa lokho kuyingxenye nje yenkinga. Ugwayi onetiyela eliningi “oyingozi kakhulu kubo [amazwe aseYurophu] ukuba bawubheme ngokwabo” uthunyelwa usuka eYurophu uye eAfrika nakwamanye amazwe asathuthuka, kusho uDkt. Roberto Masironi, umholi wesimiso sikaGwayi noma sezempilo seWHO (Inhlangano Yezwe Lonke Yezempilo).
Ezezimakethe ezizimele nazo zitusa izinhlobo ezintsha, ezinamandla kakhudlwana, nezibiza kancane. EZimbabwe, lapho ingxenye yabantu abahlala khona ingaphansi kweminyaka engu-16 ubudala futhi lapho kungekho mgoqo weminyaka ekuyengweni kukagwayi, kwesatshwa ukuthi izingane ezincane zizoba imilutha yomkhuba wokubhema ugwayi. UDkt. Timothy Slamps, ungqongqoshe wezempilo waseZimbabwe. naye uzwakalise ukukhathazeka “ngezigijimi ezinobuqili ezibhekiswe kwabesifazane abasebasha” ukuba baluthwe nge-nicotine, eye yabizwa ngokuthi “iyisidakamizwa esisebenza ngokushesha kakhulu emazweni aseNtshonalanga.” Sikhuluma engqungqutheleni ye-WHO, isikhulu esiyinhloko sezempilo saseBrithani sathi: “Ngiyahluleka ukuqonda ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ngomuntu ukuba aqhubeke etusa lomkhuba obulalayo.”
Ngokumelene nokucindezela okunjalo, kungani umkhankaso wokwenyusa ukuthengwa kukagwayi ungahluleki? Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyisisekelo. Esokuqala, uma uhluleka, izinkulungwane zemisebenzi yezimboni zikagwayi zaseYurophu zingala-hleka. Okwesibili, amazwe adayisa ugwayi ano-mnotlio. Ngokwesibonelo, iKenya, ithola amaphesenti ayisihlanu emali kahulumeni wayo eyingqiki-tlii eyithola entengweni yokuthengwa kukagwayi. Futhi okunengxenye ekuthengweni kakhulu kukagwayi ukusekela ezemidlalo ngokwezimali okunikezwa izimboni zikagwayi.
Njenganianje, izinkinga zezempilo emazweni aseNtshonalanga zingenela emazweni useAfrika. Njengoba eqhubeka elwa nomalaleveva nenqwaba yezinye izifo, athola imithombo yayo elinganiselwe inwetshelwa ukuba isingathe izifo ezihlobene no-gwayi.
IAsia iyimakethe elandelayo izinkampane zikagwayi ezibhekise amehlo azo kuyo. Lapho, ukuthengwa kukagwayi kuhlelelwe ukuba kwenyuke okungenani ngamaphesenti angu-18 eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo. IShayina kulindeleke ukuba ekugcineni ivulele ugwayi waseNtshonalanga. Kakade kwaziwa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-30 kagwayi wezwe abhenywa amaShayina. Uchwepheshe wase-Brithani womdlavuza uProfesa uRichard Peto ubikezela ukuthi kuzo zonke izingane zaseShayina eziphilayo namuhla, eziyizigidi ezingu-50 ekugcineni ziyobulawa izifo ezihlobene nogwayi, kubika iSunday Times yaseLondon.
Olunye lwezimpawu ezibonisa oFakazi BakaJehova—ababalelwa ezinkulungwaneni ezine emhlabeni wonke—luwukuthi abawusebenzisi ugwayi. Nokho, abaningi babo babengamaxhwele kagwayi. Bayeka lapho beqaphela ukuthi ukubhema akuvumelani nokholo lobuKristu. (Mathewu 22:39; 2 Korinte 7:1) Uma ukufuna ngempela ukukhululeka ekuluthweni ugwayi, cela noma yimuphi kubo ukuba akunikeze iseluleko esiwusizo. Uyokujabulela kakhulu ukukusiza.