Isimo Esibucayi SeSonto LamaKatolika
“IPENTEKOSTE ELISHA.” Lelo kwakuyithemba uPapa John XXIII alizwakalisa ngomkhandlu wobumbano lwamasonto omhlaba wonke owaqala ngo-1962 futhi lokho kwaziwa ngokuthi iVatican II. Wayenethemba lokuthi wawuyoba indlela yokuvuseleleka ngokomoya phakathi kwamaKatolika nokuthi wawuyoletha izinguquko ezaziyocaba indlela yokuhlanganisa kabusha eLobukholwa.
Kodwa akubona bonke abefundisi ababenemibono enjalo yeaggiornamento (ukuvumelanisa nesikhathi) eVatican. INew Encyclopœdia Britannica iyabika: “Ngokomphumela, isinqumo sikaPapa asizange samukelwe ngomdlandla isiGungu esasidla ngoludala, esasikholisekile ukuthi isonto laliye lachuma ngaphansi kokuhola kukaPius XII futhi esingasibonanga isizathu esihle sezinguquko uJohn azicabangela. Eqinisweni abanye okhadinali baseVatican benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuze babambezele umkhandlu kuze kube yilapho lomuntu omdala engasekho kulesikhundla futhi lenqubo yayizoyekwa isinyelela.”
ISimemezelo SeVatican II Sobumbano LwamaSonto Lomhlaba Wonke
UPapa John XXIII waphila isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuba aqalise uMkhandlu Wesibili weVatican, kodwa wafa ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho ngoJune 1963, esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba lomkhandlu uphele ngoDecember 1965. Nokho, iSimemezelo Sobumbano LwamaSonto Lomhlaba Wonke samenyezelwa uPapa Paul VI ngoNovember 21, 1964. Esethulweni saso sathi: “Ukubuyiselwa kobunye phakathi kwawo wonke amaKristu kungokunye ukukhathalela okuyinhloko koMkhandlu Wesibili weVatican.”
Ngokuphawulekayo, umpristi ongumJesuit uWalter M. Abbott wabhala kuyiDocuments of Vatican II: “ISimemezelo Sobumbano Lwamasonto Omhlaba Wonke sibonisa ukungena ngokugcwele kweSonto lamaRoma Katolika emzabalazweni wobumbano lwamasonto omhlaba wonke.” Futhi endabeni efanayo, ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi: “UbuRoma Katolika ngemva koMkhandlu wesibili weVatican,” iNew Encyclopœdia Britannica yasho ngokuqiniseka: “ISonto lamaRoma Katolika liye lakuyeka ngokomthetho ukuma kwalo ‘kokuba ukuphela kwesonto leqiniso.’”
Kodwa ingabe iSonto lamaKatolika liye lakuyeka ngempela lokho kuma? Ubunye obabuzolethwa ngamiphi imibandela? Ngemva kokuba sesichaze izinga amaKatolika ayezohileleka ngalo emsebenzini wobumbano lwamasonto lomhlaba wonke, leSimemezelo Sobumbano Lwamasonto Lomhlaba Wonke sachaza: “LoMkhandlu ongcwele unxusa abathembekile ukuba badede kunoma iyiphi intshiseko engenangqondo. . . . Umsebenzi wabo wokwenza amasonto omhlaba wonke ukuba abe nobumbano awunakuba ngokunye ngaphandle kokuba ube owobuKatolika ngokuphelele nangobuqotho, okungukuthi, ubambelele eqinisweni esilamukele kubaPhostoli nakoFata, futhi uvumelane nokholo iSonto lamaRoma Katolika ebelilokhu liluvuma.”
Izithiyo Ezivimbela Ubunye
Iqiniso liwukuthi, iSonto lamaRoma Katolika alizange likulahle ukuma kwalo kokuthi liwukuphela kwesonto leqiniso. ISimemezelo Sobumbano Lwamasonto Lomhlaba Wonke saseVatican II siyaphawula: “Ukuphelela kwendlela yensindiso kungatholakala kuphela ngeSonto lamaKatolika likaKristu, elisiza indawo yonke ukuba isindiswe. Sikholelwa ukuthi iNkosi Yethu yaphathisa zonke lezibusiso zeSivumelwano Esisha kuphela kulendikimba yabaphostoli, uPetru ayinhloko yayo.”
Incwadi yamuva yaseFrance iThéo—Nouvelle Encyclopédie Catholique (1989) iyaphawula: “KumaKatolika, upapa, njengongene esikhundleni sikaPetru, ngokwemfundiso yenkolo uyisici esihlala njalo sobunye beSonto nobababhishobhi. Nokho, iqiniso elisobala liwukuthi upapa uwumbangeli oyinhloko wokwehlukana phakathi kwamaKristu.”
Lemfundiso ehlukanisayo yobukhulu bukapapa ihlobene ngokuseduze nezimfundiso zokungenzi phutha kopapa kanye nokulandelana kobupostoli kwababhishobhi bamaKatolika, kokubili okungamukeleki emasontweni amaningi eLobukholwa angewona amaKatolika. Ingabe iVatican II yenza okuthile ukuze ilungise ukuma kwamaKatolika kulezimfundiso?
UMthetho-sisekelo waseVatican II Wezimfundiso zeSonto uyaphendula, esigabeni 18: “Lomkhandlu ongcwele, ulandela ezinyathelweni zoMkhandlu Wokuqala waseVatican [owamemezela imfundiso yokungenzi phutha kopapa], ufundisa futhi umemezele kanye nayo ukuthi uJesu Kristu, umelusi waphakade, wamisa iSonto elingcwele ngokuphathisa abaphostoli ngokuthunywa kwabo njengoba yena ngokwakhe ayethunywe nguYise (cf. Jn. 20:21). Wathanda ukuba ababezongena ezikhundleni zabo, okungukuthi ababhishobhi, babe ngabelusi eSontweni lakhe kuze kube sekupheleni kwezwe. Nokho, ukuze izindikimba zabefundisi ngokwazo zibe munye futhi zingahlukani, wamisa uPetru ngaphezu kwabanye abaphostoli, futhi kuye wafaka umthombo ohlala njalo nobonakalayo nesisekelo sobunye bakho kokubili ukholo nobuzalwane. Lemfundiso ephathelene nokumiswa, ukuhlala njalo, uhlobo nokubaluleka kwesikhundla esingcwele sikaPapa wamaRoma kanye nesikhundla sakhe sokufundisa okungenaphutha, umkhandlu ongcwele usongoza kabusha ukuba abathembekile bayikholelwe ngokuqinile, futhi uqhubeka ngokungachezuki ngalenkambiso efanayo, usongoza ukumemezela obala futhi uyazise ngokucacile imfundiso ephathelene nababhishobhi, abangene ezikhundleni zabaphostoli, labo kanye nongene esikhundleni sikaPetru, uMmeli kaKristu noyinhloko ebonakalayo yeSonto lilonke, abaqondisa indlu kaNkulunkulu ophilayo.”
Ngokusobala, loMthetho-sisekelo Wezimfundiso zeSonto wamenyezelwa uPapa Paul VI ngalo kanye usuku asayina ngalo iSimemezelo Sobumbano Lwamasonto Lomhlaba Wonke. Futhi ngawo kanye lowoNovember 21, 1964, wenza inkulumo eyayithi “UMariya ‘Unina WeSonto,’ okungukuthi, wabo bonke abathembekile nowabo bonke abelusi.” Kungashiwo kanjani ukuthi iSimemezelo Sobumbano LwamaSonto Lomhlaba Wonke ‘saphawula ukungena ngokugcwele kweSonto lamaRoma Katolika emzabalazweni wobumbano lwamaSonto lomhlaba wonke’ lapho upapa akhetha ngalo kanye lolosuku esakhishwa ngalo ukuba aqinisekise izimfundiso ezingamukeleki ngokuphelele emalungwini amaningi eWCC (UMkhandlu Wezwe WamaSonto)?
Isimo Esibucayi SeSonto
UDkt. Samuel McCrea Cavert, owayewunobhala-jikelele woMkhandlu Wezwe WamaSonto, owahola ekumisweni koMkhandlu Wezwe WamaSonto, wathi: “ISimemezelo [esiphathelene Nobumbano Lwamasonto Lomhlaba Wonke] asiwuvumelanisi ngempela umbono waso wobumbano lwamasonto lomhlaba wonke nokuzisholo kwaso ukuthi amaRoma Katolika awukuphela kweSonto leqiniso. . . . Okuhlangene nalokhu okunye ukuzisholo ngesikhundla sikaPetru negunya lakhe phezu kwalo lonke iSonto. Lokhu kuzisholo kubonakala kubonisa ukuthi ukuqonda kwamaRoma Katolika ubumbano lwamasonto lomhlaba wonke kugxile eRoma ngokungaguquguquki.”
UDkt. Konrad Raiser, iphini likanobhala-jikelele weWCC, wathi: “Upapa [John Paul II] wenza izimemezelo eziningi zobumbano lwamasonto lomhlaba wonke, kodwa uphefumlelwe ngokuthunywa okumholela ohlangothini oluhlukile.”
Lokhu kushayisana okusobala phakathi kobuzenzisi beVatican bokuzishaya elwela ubunye bamasonto omhlaba wonke kanye nokunamathela kwayo ngokuphelele emiqondweni yayo engokwesiko kwembula nje kuphela ukuthi iSonto laseRoma lizithola liphakathi kokukhetha okubili elingakufuni. Uma liqotho ngokuhlanganyela kwalo emzabalazweni wobumbano lwamasonto lomhlaba wonke wobunye bamaKristu, kumelwe lihoxe ekuzisholoni ukuthi liwukuphela kwesonto leqiniso. Uma lenqaba ukuhoxa kulokhu kuzisholo, kumelwe livume ukuthi okwalo ukulwela kokuzisholo ubunye bamasonto omhlaba wonke kumane nje kuwumnyakazo wobuhlakani wokuyenga amasonto obuOrthodox nawobuProtestani ukuba abuyele emhlanjini wamaKatolika.
Uma libekwa ngembaba, iSonto lamaKatolika kumelwe livume ukuthi ukuzisholo kwalo osekunamakhulu eminyaka kungamanga noma ukuthi ukuhlanganyela kwalo kwanamuhla emzabalazweni wobumbano lwamasonto omhlaba wonke kungukuzenzisa ngokuphelele. Kunoma ikuphi, amalungu amaningi aqotho amasonto eLobukholwa ayadideka. Ayazibuza ukuthi ubunye bobuKristu buyoke bufinyelelwe yini.
[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 8]
‘ISimemezelo Sobumbano Lwamasonto Lomhlaba Wonke sibonisa ukungena ngokugcwele kweSonto lamaRoma Katolika emzabalazweni wobumbano lwamasonto lomhlaba wonke’
[Isithombe ekhasini 7]
IVatican II yabeka iSonto lamaKatolika ekukhetheni okubili elingakuthandi
[Umthombo]
UPI/Bettmann Newsphotos