Ukubuka Okwezwe
Ukuhambela Komuntu Siqu—Kuyisidala?
Kungani indlela yaseMelika yokushumayela ngethelevishini ingazange iqale eJapane? UMnu. Kenji Ishii weNhlangano Yezindaba Zempucuko watshela iPhaphama! ukuthi abasakazi baseJapane abazivumeli izinhlelo ezifuna izimali noma ezisakaza ngomoya izimfundiso ezingezona ezesayensi. Nokho, izinhlangano zenkolo ziye zathola izindlela zokuyeqa ngobuqili imingcele enjalo. Eziningi zithembele kumavideo, kumikhumbi-mkhathi yezokuxhumana, emishinini exhunywe kumacomputer, nemishini yefax ukuze zisakaze ukholo lwazo. Kwezinye, inkonzo enjalo yezobuchwepheshe iye yabhuntshisa ukuhambela komuntu siqu lokho abashumayeli ababekusebenzisa ezikhathini zeBhayibheli nalokho okusetshenziswa oFakazi BakaJehova ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwemishini ngempumelelo enkulu eJapane namuhla. “Siye saqaphela ukuthi ukwenza ukuhambela komuntu siqu, okuyindlela yethu yobuvangeli engokwesiko, kuye kwaba okuphume kakhulu emfashinini,” kusho isikhulu esisakazayo senhlangano yamaBuddha angebona abefundisi enamalungu ayizigidi eziyisithupha. “Lokhu kuwukwenza imali kwenkolo,” kusho uMnu. Ishii ngokusetshenziswa kwemishini yefax ukuze kwenziwe imithandazo. “Amaqembu enkolo amane nje angene emfashinini yalesikhathi.”
Uhambo Lokuyokhipha Izisu
Ngokuvamile imithetho ayisaphumeleli ukwedlula inkolo ekunqandeni isikhukhula esiqhubekayo sokukhipha izisu. Ngo-1989 eRepublic yaseIreland kwashaywa umthetho owawunqabela ukunyatheliswa kokwaziswa okuphathelene nendlela nendawo yokukhipha izisu; ngokwesibonelo, omagazini kwadingeka bayeke ukukhangisa ngemithola-mpilo yokukhipha izisu. Nakuba kunjalo, abesifazane abaningi ngokwengeziwe baseIreland baya eNgilandi naseWales ukuze bayokhipha izisu. NgokweIrish Times yaseDublin, abesifazane abangu-981 benza uhambo olunjalo ezinyangeni zokuqala ezintathu zika-1989. Enkathini efanayo ngo-1990, lelonani lanyuka lafinyelela ku-1 027. ENyakatho Ireland elawulwa iBrithani, umthetho wango-1967 ovumela ukukhishwa kwezisu eNgilandi awusebenzi, ngakho iNhlangano Yokukhulelwa yaseUlster idlulisela abesifazane abangaphezu kwenkulungwane ngonyaka emithola-mpilo yokukhipha izisu yaseBrithani.
Izinkemba Zibe Ngamakhuba—Kanjani?
“Inkinga iwukuthi, uyibulala kanjani into ngokukhethekile eklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukubulala?” kubuza iWall Street Journal. Ngokuvumelana nesivumelwano sokulawulwa kwezikhali, iSoviet Union ibhekene nomsebenzi wokususa ngokuphelele izinqola zempi ezilinganiselwa ku-40 000. Amakhambi asikiselwayo okwenza izinqola zempi zingasasebenzi aye ahlanganisa ukuqhumisa iziqhumane ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwazo, ukuzilahlela ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu ukuze zenziwe zingasasebenzi, nokuzilahla—ngaphandle kukawoyela wazo, upende, nehydraulic fluid—olwandle. Kwaze kwacatshangelwa ngisho nesu lokuziguqulela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa umphakathi njengakogandaganda abakhulu nezicisha-mlilo, kodwa “inqolakazi enjalo ehamba kancane, edla uphethiloli omningi” kwanqunywa ukuthi ngeke ibe usizo. Okuthandwa kakhulu isu lokubasa amakloba omlilo amakhulu angase ancibilikise izinqola zempi futhi kusetshenziswe izinsimbi ezingasasetshenziswa. Njengoba kusadingeka ukuba kuthuthukiswe ezobuchwepheshe, izinqwaba ezinde zezinqola zempi ezithwelwe izitimela zathunyelwa “empumalanga ngalé kwezintaba iUrals ukuya ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla ukweqa imingcele yezikhathi ezimisiwe zesivumelwano nemfuneko yaso yokuthi izinqola zempi ziqedwe futhi ziqhunyiswe.”
Inala Kavolo
Abafuyi bezimvu baseAustralia, abanikeza amaphesenti angu-70 kavolo osetshenziswa ezingutsheni zokugqoka zomhlaba wonke, baye bazithola benezimvu eziningi ngokweqile. ISunday Correspondent yaseLondon, eNgilandi ibika ukuthi ziningi ngokweqile ngezigidi ezingu-20. Njengoba intengo yezimvu yehla ifinyelele emasentini ayisihlanu ngemvu ngayinye, abafuyi basebenzisa imali eningi ekuthengeni izinhlamvu zokubulala izimvu kunalokho izimvu ezikubizayo. Sibangelwa yini lesidingo esehlayo sikavolo? ICorrespondent inikeza izizathu ezintathu: Usizi olusePersian Gulf luye lwamisa ukuhwebelana namazwe ama-Arabhu; ukuqedwa kwezinto zempi emhlabeni kuye kwanciphisa isidingo samayunifomu ezempi, lawo ngokuvamile enziwa ngovolo; nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuye kwanciphisa isidingo sezembatho ezifudumele zikavolo.
Abazali Abangongqingili
Ekuqaleni kuka-1991, umagazini iNewsweek wabika ukuthi kunabantwana abayizigidi eziyisikhombisa eUnited States abahlala nomzali owungqingili nesithandwa salowomzali sobulili obufanayo. Ngokokunye ukuhlola, abaningi balabazali bangoNgqingili Besifazane, abaningi babo abakhetha ukuba nomntwana ngokufakelwa isidoda. Abanye ochwepheshe baze ngisho babe nomuzwa wokuthi iUnited States ibhekene ‘nokwanda kwabantwana boNgqingili Besifazane.’ Enye inhlangano yokunyathelisa iye yenzela abantu abanjalo izincwadi zabantwana. Incwadi entsha yabantwana abasukela eminyakeni emibili kuya kweyisithupha ubudala ikhuluma ngomfana lowo ngezinye izikhathi ohlala noyise nesithandwa sikayise sesilisa. Incwadi yalabo abasukela eminyakeni emithathu kuya kweyisishiyagalombili ubudala ikhuluma ngentombazane “enomama ababili.” Lezincwadi ziklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa abantwana ukuthi imikhaya enjalo ivamile nokuthi ubungqingili “bumane nje bungolunye uhlobo olwengeziwe lothando.”
Ukwanda Kwepulasitiki ENdiya
Izinkampane ezinkulu zamakhadi okuthenga ngesikweleti seziqalile ukunciphisa ukungabaza ukuboleka imali osekuyisikhathi eside kuwuphawu lwesigaba esiphakathi saseNdiya. Umagazini iAsiaweek ubika ukuthi nakuba kunamakhadi okuthenga ngesikweleti angu-400 000 kuphela asetshenziswa eNdiya, amalungu amaningi ngokwengeziwe esigaba esiphakathi ngokomnotho, esilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-150, “ayawamukela umqondo wokuphilela olwanamuhla nokuthi ikusasa liyozibona.” Ngaleyondlela, abaphathi bamabhange aseNdiya balindele okuhle ngekusasa. Njengoba omunye atshela iAsiaweek: “Uma ukwanda nokukhula kuqhubeka njengoba kuhleliwe, iNdiya iyobe isiyimakethe engu-No. 2 yamakhadi okuthenga ngesikweleti emhlabeni wonke ekupheleni kwalelikhulu leminyaka—eyesibili kuphela uma iqhathaniswa neU.S.”
Intsha YaseFrance Nokuzibulala
Ukuzibulala manje kuthatha indawo yesibili uma kuqhathaniswa nezingozi zezimoto njengembangela yokufa phakathi kwentsha yaseFrance. Iphephandaba laseParis iFigaro libika ukuthi phakathi namashumi amabili eminyaka adlule, iFrance iye yaba nokwanda okungamaphesenti angu-130 ekuzibulaleni phakathi kwezinsizwa ezineminyaka esukela kwengu-15 kuye kwengu-25 ubudala nokwanda kwamaphesenti angu-35 phakathi kwabesifazane abaseqenjini leminyaka elifanayo. Amaphesenti angu-3 kuphela alokhu kuzibulala okuthiwa abangelwa uhlobo oluthile lokugula okungathi sína kwengqondo. Emizamweni eminingi kakhulu yokuzibulala kwentsha, sisuke singekho isifiso esiqotho sokufa, kodwa kunalokho, ukulangazelela usizo olusheshayo, ngezinye izikhathi okubulalayo. Ochwepheshe bathi lokhu kungabi nathemba okukhulayo phakathi kwentsha yanamuhla kubangelwa ukuwohloka kwemikhaya, ukuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo, nokuwohloka kwansuku zonke kwezindinganiso zezenhlalo nezingokomoya.
Ukuba Umama Ngaphambi Kwesikhathi
“Oyedwa kubo bonke abantwana abayisikhombisa abazelwe eMelika uwumntwana ozelwe umama ongumuntu osemusha, okuyingqikithi yezingane eziyizigidi ezingu-2,5 unyaka ngamunye,” ngokokuhlola kwaseNyakatho Melika okwaphawulwa ngakho kuyiEstado de S. Paulo, okuyiphephandaba laseBrazil. IBrazil ihamba phambili njengoba inezingane ezingu-601-023 ezizelwe omama abayintsha, iMexico ingeyesibili njengoba inezingu-498-277, futhi iUnited States ingeyesithathu njengoba inezingu-430 389. Lamanani aphakeme amangaza abenzi balokhu kuhlola, ababelindele ukuthi ushintsho olungokwezenhlalo nolungokwezomnotho eminyakeni engu-25 edlule lwaluyonciphisa ukukhulelwa kwentsha. Kuthiwani ngamakhambi? Lokhu kuhlola kwatusa ukunikeza intsha izisusa zokuhlala esikoleni isikhathi esijana, ukuthuthukisa isimo sabesifazane, nokusekela ubumsulwa kuze kube semshadweni.
Abapristi Abashadile
Muva nje, uPapa John Paul II wagunyaza ukumiswa kwabapristi ababili abashadile baseBrazil. “Abapristi abasha basayina amaphepha ababethembisa kuwona ukuthi abanakuba nabo ubuhlobo bobulili nawomkabo,” kubika iphephandaba laseBrazil iEstado de S. Paulo. Ngokwaleliphephandaba, uAloísio Lorscheider, ukhadinali waseFortaleza, ubheka “ukumiswa kwamadoda ashadile njengekhambi lokuntuleka kwabapristi.” Ukhadinali futhi wayihlaba imfuneko yesonto yobumpohlo. “NgokukaDom Aloísio, ubumpohlo buyisimiso ‘esiphelelwe isikhathi’ esingenasisekelo esingokweBhayibheli,” kusho umagazini iVeja. “Ubumpohlo abuzange budalwe imiBhalo Engcwele, futhi ngaleyondlela, abuyona into engenakwenqatshwa.” Nokho, iVatican iyaqhubeka nokukhetha abapristi abayizimpohlo.
Inhlawulo?
NgokweNational Catholic Reporter, uhulumeni waseNewfoundland uye wathembisa ukuhlawula ngokwezimali izisulu zokuxhashazwa ngokobulili ezingabantwana esikhungweni sezintandane saseNtabeni iCashel. Ngo-1975 amaphoyisa aqala ukuphenya amacala okuthi abanye “Abazalwane AbangamaKristu” ababesebenza kulesikhungo sezintandane babexhaphaza ngokomzimba nangokobulili abafana lapho. Lolophenyo lwayekwa, futhi akuzange kuboshwe muntu ngemva kokuba ababili balabo ababebekwe icala bevuma ukuhamba eNewfoundland nabanye abathathu beshiya kulesikhungo sezintandane. Nokho, ngo-1989 loluphenyo lwaqaliswa futhi; “Abazalwane AbangamaKristu” abayisishiyagalombili manje babekwe icala lokuxhaphaza abantwana. (Bheka iPhaphama! kaNovember 8, 1990, ikhasi 31.) UMmeli Omkhulu uPaul Dicks wamemezela ukuthi uhulumeni wahluleka emsebenzini wakhe wokuvikela izintandane ezixhashazwayo futhi uyohlawula lapho kufaneleke khona. Nokho, waphikelela ngokuthi umthwalo wemfanelo oyinhloko wokulungisa uxhomeke kubo “Abazalwane AbangamaKristu” nabaqashi babo.
Ukusebenzisa Imali Kubantwana
ELatin America, kubantwana abalahliwe abayizigidi ezingu-30 abasukela eminyakeni engu-6 kuya kwengu-15 ubudala, abangaba ngu-2 000 bayafa nsuku zonke ngenxa yokungondleki kahle noma ubudlova, kubika iphephandaba laseBrazil iEstado de S. Paulo. Kodwa ngokukamongameli weUNICEF uJames Grant, imali esetshenziswa izwe ekulwisaneni nezifo zabantwana nendlala emhlabeni wonke “ilingana nemali esetshenziswa [kwezokukhangisa] izinkampane zikagwayi zaseUnited States unyaka ngamunye.” IUNICEF iveza ukuthi amaRandi angu-6 250 000 000 kumelwe asetshenziswe kulelishumi leminyaka ukuze kufundiswe umphakathi ngezinkinga zabantwana. UGrant uphawula ukuthi izwe lisebenzisa imali engaphezu kwaleyo usuku ngalunye ezikhalini nokuthi abathengi baseNyakatho Melika basebenzisa okungaphezu kwalokho unyaka ngamunye ukuze bondle izilwane zabo ezifuywayo.