Ukugqashuka Kwekholera—Uhlu Lwezehlakalo ZaseNtshonalanga Afrika
Ngumlobeli wePhaphama! eNtshonalanga Afrika
NGODECEMBER: Owesifazane osekhulile waba isisulu sokuqala. Uphawu lokuqala kwaba wuhudo, olumanzi futhi ehuda njalo. Kwase kuba ukuphalaza. Amajaqamba ayembamba emathangeni nasesiswini. Waqala ukuphefumula ngokukhefuzela nangokuphelelwa amandla, isikhumba sakhe saba nemibimbi, futhi amehlo akhe ashona ezingoxini zawo. Emahoreni angamashumi amane nesishiyagalombili kamuva washona.
Ngosuku olulandelayo, omunye umuntu endlini efanayo wahlatshwa ukugula, kwase kuba omunye. Ngemva kwalokho, abanye omakhelwane bagula. Isifo saqala ukuvela ezigodini nasemadolobheni aseduze. Indaba yayifana—uhudo, ukuphalaza, futhi esimweni sesithathu, kwakuba ukufa.
INhlangano iPasteur yahlola indle futhi yaqinisekisa ukwesaba okukhulu kwezazi zezokwelapha. Kwakuyisifo esasihlasele amazwe angu-93 eminyakeni engu-25 edlule, isifo esibulala kangangokuba lona kanye igama laso libangela ukwesaba: ikholera!
Enhloko-dolobha yelinye lamazwe aseNtshonalanga Afrika, ngabona esinye sezehlakalo ngesikhathi ngisingatha ukugqashuka kwalesifo esesabekayo. Okulandelayo uhlu lwezehlakalo zalowonyaka.
“Asikho Isidingo Sokwesaba”
NgoFebruary 13: Phakathi kwamahlebezi akhulayo, iphephandaba linezindaba ekhasini elingaphambili: “Isifo Sohudo: Kufe Abangu-70 Kodwa Lenkinga Iyancipha.” Lesihloko siqinisekisa abafundi baso ngokuthi “asikho isidingo sokwesaba ukugqashuka kwekholera.”
NgoApril 25: Ngibuza uDkt. L. Bakka,a udokotela wezingane nowumholi wesimiso sezwe sokuLawulwa Kwezifo Zohudo, ukuthi ayiqiniso yini amahlebezi akhulayo ngekholera. Uthi, “Ayiqiniso. Ikhona ikholera futhi igcwele yonke indawo. Ezigodini ezingu-13, ezingu-10 zinekholera.”
Ngibuza ngokugonywa kwabantu abaningi. Uthi, “Ngeke sibagome abantu. Akwenzi lutho ekuvimbeleni noma ekunqandeni lomqedazwe. Imithi yokugoma ekhona njengamanje isebenza ngokuphumelelayo izinyanga ezisukela kwezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha kuphela.”
“Ingabe usho ukuthi imithi yokugoma ayisizi ekulwisaneni nokugqashuka kwalesifo?” ngibuza.
“Cha, yiNhlangano Yezwe Yezempilo eshoyo.”
“Ingabe uye wagonywa?”
“Cha. Futhi ngiye ngaya ezindaweni eziningi lapho kunekholera khona, futhi ngiye ngelapha iziguli eziningi ezinekholera.”
UBakka uyachaza ukuthi ikholera ibangelwa uhlobo oluthile lwevibrio, noma igciwane, elingena emzimbeni ngokudla noma amanzi angcolile. Khona-ke amavibrio abuthanela emathunjini, lapho anda khona futhi akhiqize ubuthi obubangela ukuhuda nokuphalaza. Lamavibrio angabe esengena emanzini okuphuza nasekudleni okungcoliswe yizandla ezingageziwe—bese isifo sidlulela phambili.
Udokotela ukhomba umlomo wakhe. Uthi, “Okubalulekile yilokho okungena lapha.” Kuthiwa: “Ungayidla ikholera futhi uyiphuze, kodwa ngeke uyithathe!”
Ingabe kwakungenzeka ukuba isifo sigadle enhlokodolobha? UBakka uthi, “Sesigadlile kakade. Silalise abantu abahlanu esibhedlela namuhla.”
NgoMay 7: Isibhedlela esichichimayo asinazo izinto ezanele zokubhekana nomqedazwe wekholera. Iziguli eziphethwe ikholera zifakwe zodwa endlini enkulu enokhonkolo phansi nesiphephetha-moya esisodwa esiphezulu. Izindlu zangasese zikude kakhulu ukuba zisetshenziswe, ngakho indle ibuthwa ngezikigi nangamabhakede eplastiki, bese ifakwa isibulala-magciwane ngaphambi kokuba ichithwe. Manje sekuneziguli ezingu-12—amadoda, abesifazane, nezingane ezimbili. Bonke babonakala bekhathele futhi bekhathazeke kakhulu.
Abagulayo balala emabhentshini enziwe ngepulangwe. Akukho mibhede, akukho kudla kwasesibhedlela, nezindlu zangasese. Nakuba kunjalo, akekho okhonondayo. Lezizisulu ezibaqakile nezishwabene zinikwa ukuphila, ukuphila esimweni selitha elilodwa elisezikhwameni zepulastiki ezibhalwe ukuthi “Ringer’s Lactate.” Iwuketshezi olufakwa ngemithambo.
Ngizwa ukuthi ikholera ibulala ngokuqeda amanzi emzimbeni. Njengoba uketshezi olubalulekile lomzimba nosawoti abadingekayo bephela ngokuphalaza nokuhuda, umzimba womuntu uyawohloka futhi ufe. Ukufakwa ngemithambo amaconsi elactate asiza ukufaka uketshezi lomzimba, noma ukubuyisela loluketshezi futhi alugcine kuze kube yilapho ukuhuda nokuphalaza sekunqamukile—ngokuvamile phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa. Isidungamizwa itetracycline ibulala amagciwane futhi ifushanise isikhathi sokugula.
Kufika Izindaba
NgoMay 29: Izindaba zomsakazo waseBrithani zizwakalisa ukuthi ikholera iye yabulala abantu abasukela ku-300 kuya ku-600 kulo lonke izwe lakhona. Ngiyamazi omunye wabo. Lapho ubaba eya emsebenzini, indondana yakhe encane yayidlala ngokujabula. Lapho ebuyela ekhaya ebusuku, umfana wayesefile.
Namuhla ntambama ihhovisi legatsha lendawo loFakazi BakaJehova linquma ukuthumela ukwaziswa kuwo wonke amabandla akulelizwe, lichaza indlela yokuqapha lesisifo.
NgoJune 2: Imibhede embozwe ngepulastiki manje isifakwe egumbini labaphethwe yikholera. Usuku ngalunye kufika iziguli eziningana ezintsha. Lezo ezifika zisesimweni sokushaqeka nezingakwazi ukuphuza iORS (Oral Rehydration Salts [Osawoti Abaphuzwayo Bokubuyisela Uketshezi]) zifakelwa amaconsi elactate, ngokuvamile amalitha amathathu kuya kwamane ngehora lokuqala.b Ngemva kosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili, ziyadedelwa. Abangaguli kakhulu banikwa iORS bese bededelwa ngemva kwamahora ambalwa.
Amaphakethe eRinger’s lactate neORS ayetheleka ezweni futhi aphuthunyiswe ezikhungweni zezempilo zasemaphandleni, lapho okwamanje indingeko inkulu kakhulu khona kunasedolobheni. Amaphakethe angaphezu kwangu-600 000 eORS asabiwe kakade. Uhulumeni ulungiselela izimoto zokuthuthela amaqembu ezokwelapha nezinto zokwelapha ezindaweni ezinesidingo. Umsakazo namapheshana kwazisa umphakathi ngokuthi ungakugwema kanjani ukuthola isifo nokuthi ungenzani uma izimpawu zivela. Izimoto ezinemibhobho ezehla zenyuka enhlokodolobha ziphethe sona lesigijimi.
NgoJune 10: Inani labantu abalaliswe egumbini labanekholera linyukela ku-71. Abahlengikazi abangu-15 manje basebenza kulomtholampilo. Izihlobo zeziguli zisebenza nabo ekunakekeleni abagulayo. Indlu igcwele—kulala ababili embhedeni owodwa. Ezinye zeziguli zilala phansi.
Abantu bafika bebelethe abagulayo babo. Abanye baye bahamba amakhilomitha amaningi futhi bamanzi té umhudo. Amehlo abo ayanxusa: ‘Ungakusindisa ukuphila komntanami . . . umfowethu . . . umama?’
NgoJune 21: Okukhishwa amaphephandaba kuthi: “UMnyango Wezempilo . . . ufisa ukuqinisekisa wonke umphakathi ukuthi asikho isidingo sokwethuka noma sokutatazela.” Nokho abantu bathukile! Kunemibiko yokuthi iRinger’s lactate iyafihlwa. Abashayeli bamatekisi babiza imali eningi yokuyisa abantu abaphethwe ikholera esibhedlela—uma bebagibelisa khona ukubagibelisa. Izingane eziya esikoleni zidlula emtholampilo wekholera zivale imilomo yazo namakhala ngezandla. Abanye abantu ngobulima baphuza itetracycline nsuku zonke, benethemba ukuthi lokhu kuzovimbela isifo.
Ngikhuluma noAlafia, umhlengikazi wasesibhedlela osafunda. Ukukhathazeka kwakhe kusobala. “Omunye wabapheki enkomponi yethu ulele uphethwe yikholera!” uyamemeza. “Abanye abahlengikazi bathatha isikhathi seholidi ukuze bagweme ukubhekana nalesifo.”
Kodwa akubona bonke abangathandi ukusiza. USusan Johnson ungumatron ophethe komunye umtholampilo wekholera. Nakuba ngokuvamile engumuntu ojabulile, ukucindezeleka kuyabonakala namuhla. Njengoba ngingena egumbini, isihlobo sesiguli sithatha inkomishi eyiphepha futhi siyicwilisa ebhakedeni lamanzi ahlanzekile. USusan uyathetha uthi, “Musa ukufaka izandla zakho lapho! Amanzi angcolile ayindlela lesisifo esisakazeka ngayo!” Uyangibheka futhi ngokucasuka athi: “Abaqondi neze.”
Impi Ihamba Kancane
NgoSeptember 1: Kulolonke izwe, manje umbiko ovela emthethweni uthi bangu-10 200 abagulayo, bangu-796 abafile. Abaningi baye bafa ngenxa yokuthi abakutholanga ukwelashwa kwezempilo noma abakutholanga ngokushesha ngokwenele.
Ezigulini ezingu-3 341 ezilaliswe emitholampilo yalapha, sisodwa kuphela kwezingu-93 esiye safa. Eziningi zalezi zivele bese zifa ngesikhathi zifika. Ezinye bezingazazi ngisho negama ngenxa yokuphelelwa amanzi amaningi omzimba. Kuleloqophelo igazi liyashuba futhi libe-mnyama, bese imithambo iqhuma. Njengento esetshenziswa esimweni esiphuthumayo, iRinger’s lactate ifakwa ngokuqondile emthanjeni omkhulu noma emthanjeni osethangeni.
NgoDecember 30: Isifo sesinciphile. Cishe abantu abangu-14 000 baye bahlaselwa yiso, futhi abangu-1 213 baye bafa. Kuyindida. Odokotela bayazi ukuthi ikholera ibangwa yini, ukuthi isakazeka kanjani, nokuthi ukuphila kwezisulu kungasindiswa kanjani. Kodwa ikholera kusekude ukuba iqedwe. Ukungakwazi komuntu ukuvimbela imiqedazwe enjalo kukufakazela ngendlela engokoqobo ukubikezela kukaJesu kokuthi “ubici” lwaluyophawula ‘izinsuku zokugcina.’—Luka 21:11; 2 Thimothewu 3:1-5.
Ngabonisa uDkt. S. Harding, into eyisihluthulelo phakathi nalomqedazwe, umbhalo weBhayibheli kuIsaya 33:24. Lombhalo ubikezela ngesikhathi lapho ‘Abakhé khona bengayikusho ukuthi: Ngiyagula.’ Walibhekisisa lelivesi, wayesethi: “Uma kuyilokho iBhayibheli elikushoyo, kumelwe ukuthi kuyiqiniso.” Ngempela, kuyiqiniso! Futhi yeka inkululeko okuyoba yiyo lapho lesosithembiso ekugcineni sigcwaliseka!
[Imibhalo yaphansi]
a Amagama ashintshiwe.
b Bheka isihloko esithi “A Salty Drink That Saves Lives!” kumagazini wePhaphama! yesiNgisi kaSeptember 22, 1985.
[Ibhokisi ekhasini 22]
Lapho Ikholera Igadla!
Amanzi okuphuza awumthombo oyinhloko wegciwane lekholera. Amagciwane abangela ikholera avela endleni yomuntu bese engena emanzini okuphuza ngenxa yokuntuleka kwenhlanzeko. Ukuphuza noma ukuthinta lamanzi angcolile kungabangela ukuba uthole lesisifo. Uphawu olukhulu lwekholera ukuhuda. Lokhu kubangela ukuphelelwa uketshezi lomzimba okukhulu, ngokuvamile okuphumela ekushaqekeni ngisho nasekufeni. Ukuze uvimbele igciwane lekholera:
1. Sebenzisa amanzi abilisiwe, ahlanzekile, noma afakwe imithi.
2. Geza izandla zakho ngensipho namanzi ngaphambi kokuthinta ukudla nangaphambi kokudla.
3. Mboza ukudla ukuze ukuvikele ezimpukaneni.
4. Geza ukudla okungaphekiwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile noma afakwe imithi.
5. Sebenzisa indlu yangasese noma indawo efanelekile ekude nemithombo, imifula—ungasebenzisi indawo evulekile.
6. Uma kwenzeka kutholakala igciwane, phuthumisa ogulayo kudokotela noma esikhungweni sezempilo.
Umthombo: INhlangano Yezwe Yezempilo
[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasin 21]
WHO photo by J. Abcede