Izizwe Ezihlangene—Indlela Engcono?

ISETHULO soMthetho-sisekelo weZizwe Ezihlangene sizwakalisa imigomo ephakeme: “Thina bantu beZizwe Ezihlangene sizimisele ukusindisa izizukulwane ezilandelayo osizini lwempi, leyo kabili esikhathini sokuphila kwethu eye yaletha usizi olukhulu kubantu, . . . futhi [ngenxa yokuzimisela] ukuhlanganisa imizamo yethu yokulondoloza ukuthula nokulondeka kwezizwe zonke, . . . siye sanquma ukuhlanganisa amandla ethu ukuze sifeze lemigomo.”

Ingabe iUN “yayifeza lemigomo”? Ingabe yazenza izizwe ukuba zihlanganise amandla azo futhi zilondoloze ukuthula nokulondeka? Cha, ibingakakwenzi lokho, nakuba iUN iye yazama ngobuqotho ukuba ibe indlela engcono ngokuphawulekayo kuneNhlangano Yezizwe. Nokho, isizukulwane esabona ukumiswa kwayo ngo-1945 kusukela ngalesosikhathi besilokhu sihlushwa yizimpi, ukuvukela, ukuhlaselwa, ukuketulwa kwemibuso, nobudlova ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Futhi lobudlova bahilela amazwe amaningi ayenqume “ukulondoloza ukuthula nokulondeka kwezizwe zonke.”

Azikabi Indlela Engcono

Nokho, abagxeki abalahla ukwehluleka kweZizwe Ezihlangene ukuvimbela lezinhlekelele, kungenzeka bakhohlwa iqiniso elibalulekile​—⁠amandla enhlangano axhomeke emandleni ewanikwa umthetho-sisekelo wayo nasekuzinikeleni kwamalungu ayo ukugcina izibopho zawo ngaphansi komthetho-sisekelo wayo. Okokuqala nje, uMthetho-sisekelo weZizwe Ezihlangene awuqokomisi iUN njengohulumeni womhlaba onamandla amakhulu phezu kwazo zonke izizwe ezingamalungu azo.

IsiPhakamiso 2(7) sithi: “Akukho lutho oluseMthethweni-sisekelo okhona manje okuyogunyaza iZizwe Ezihlangene ukuba zigaxele ezindabeni ezingaphansi kokuqondisa kwanoma yiliphi izwe.” IUNCIO (United Nations Conference on International Organization), eyahlangana eSan Francisco kusukela ngoApril 25 kuya kuJune 26, 1945, ukuze iphethe umthetho-sisekelo, yakubona kudingekile “ukuqiniseka ngokuthi iZizwe Ezihlangene ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhona zomhlaba akumelwe zidlulele ngalé kwemingcele eyamukelekayo noma zeqe imingcele efanele.”

Ingabe uwuphawulile lomusho ochazayo, “ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhona zomhlaba”? Uma bezingashintsha, iUNCIO yathi lesinqumo singathuthukiswa “njengoba isimo somhlaba, umbono womphakathi wezwe, nokuthembela kwamazwe elinye kwelinye kukwenza kube okudingekile nokufanele.”

Injongo ebhalwe phansi yeZizwe Ezihlangene yokulondoloza “ukuthula nokulondeka kwezizwe zonke” izwakalisa umgomo ofiselekayo wesintu. Izwe ngempela belingaba elilondeke kakhulu ukuba izizwe bezilalela isiPhakamiso 2(4) soMthetho-sisekelo weUN: “Wonke amaLungu azoyeka . . . ukusongela noma ukusebenzisa amandla ngokumelene nobuqotho noma ukukhululeka okungokombangazwe kwanoma yiliphi izwe.” Kodwa ubugovu bezizwe ezingamalungu ngokuphindaphindiwe buye benza imizamo yeUN yokufinyelela injongo yayo yangaphumelela. Kunokubambelela esibophweni sazo kuyiUN “sokuxazulula izingxabano zazo zamazwe ngendlela enokuthula,” izizwe noma zonke izizwe ngamaqembu azo ngokuvamile ziye zaphendukela empini, zizisholo ukuthi ‘indaba ibingaphansi kokuqondisa kwendawo yazo.’​—⁠IsiPhakamiso 2(3, 7).

Izizwe azizange nje kuphela zingazinaki izindlela zeUN zokugcina ukuthula kodwa futhi ziye zazilulaza futhi zazidelela obala izinqumo zayo zokuxazulula ukungezwani. Futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe izikhulu zazo zikahulumeni ziye zakhuphukela esiteji esiphakeme seUN futhi zenza izinkulumo ezinde zizama ukuthethelela izenzo zazo zobudlova. Lokhu kugwema ngobuqili imithetho eyayimiselwe ukugcina ukuthula ezikhathini eziningi kwalimaza iUN ezikhathini ezinzima futhi kwalilimaza kakhulu idumela layo. Izikhulu zeUN ezihlala zilalele lezozinkulumo ngokuvamile ziyakhungatheka. Ekugcineni, inkulumo enjalo ivame ukubonakala iyimbudane ezama ukululaza noma ukuthethelela ubudlova nokuchitheka kwegazi okwenzekayo. Akumangalisi ukuthi uNobhala-jikelele weUN uJavier Pérez de Cuéllar wathi iUN “kwezinye izindawo ibhekwa njengombhoshongo waseBabele futhi ezimweni ezinhle njengendawo yezingxoxo zokuphikisana ezingenazithelo.”

Kunesinye isizathu esiye senza iUN yaba nobunzima ekuzibonakaliseni iyileyondlela engcono. Lapho iqala ukusebenza ngo-October 24, 1945, “akubanga nasu elihlanganisayo lokuletha ukuthula,” kuphawula uPérez de Cuéllar. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, iZizwe Ezihlangene zingaba kanjani amandla asebenzayo okulondoloza ukuthula nokulondeka komhlaba ezazihloselwe ukuba zibe yiwo?

Luhlobo Luni Lokuthula Ezazingalufinyelela?

UPérez de Cuéllar uyaphendula: “Ukuthula ngeke kulethe isiphelo sayo yonke ingxabano. Kuyomane kwenze izingxabano zixazululeke ngezinye izindlela ngaphandle kwamandla noma ukwesabisa. . . . IZizwe Ezihlangene zifuna ukuqeqesha umbono wethu ngaleyondlela.” Ngakho ukuthula okuwukuphela kwakho iUN engakwazi ukukufinyelela okokulawula ubudlova.

Ingabe lokhu ngempela kuwukuthula okunokulondeka? Yiqiniso, “ukuba ilungu leZizwe Ezihlangene kuvulekele zonke . . . izizwe ezithanda ukuthula.” (IsiPhakamiso 4(1)) Kodwa ingabe izwe elithanda ukuthula lihlala likuthanda lapho liba yilungu leUN? Ohulumeni bayashintsha, futhi ababusi abasha baletha izinkambiso ezintsha. Kuthiwani uma ilungu lazo liqala ukuba nodlame, nezinhloso ezedlulele zobuzwe nokuhahela ezinye izindawo? Futhi kuthiwani uma liqala ukuzihlomisa ngezikhali zenuzi nezamakhemikhali? IZizwe Ezihlangene manje bezizoba nebhomu elicushwayo esandleni sazo. Nokho, njengoba izehlakalo zamuva eMpumalanga Ephakathi zibonisa, ukushintsha okunjalo kwezenzakalo kungase kube yiyona-nto yokushukumisela izizwe ukuba zinike iUN amandla ukuze isuse lento esongela ukulondeka kwazo.

Ingabe Izizwe Zingazenza Zibe Indlela Engcono?

Kunanini ngaphambili, izizwe ziya ngokuya ziqaphela lokho iUNCIO eyakubiza ngokuthi “ukuthembela kwangempela kwezizwe zomhlaba esinye kwesinye.” Akusekho-zwe elingaziphilela lilodwa. Izizwe zonke zingamalungu omphakathi owodwa wezizwe zonke. Zonke zilwisana nochungechunge lwezinkinga ezifanayo: imiphumela ebhubhisayo yokungcola kwendawo, ubumpofu, izifo eziwohlozayo, ukuthengiswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ubuphekula, izikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi zenuzi ezisezinqolobaneni zezikhali zezizwe eziningi. Lezici ziphoqelela izizwe ukuba zifune ukuthula nokulondeka ngokuqondisa kweZizwe Ezihlangene noma ukuba zizibulale.

Owayengungqongqoshe wezangaphandle eSoviet uShevardnadze wathi: “IZizwe Ezihlangene zingasebenza ngokuphumelelayo uma zinegunya ezilinikwe amalungu azo, uma amazwe evumelana ngesisekelo sokuzithandela nesesikhashana sokuzinika ingxenye yamalungelo azo okubusa nokuzinika ilungelo lokwenza imisebenzi ethile ngokwezithakazelo zeningi.” Wanezela: “Kungalendlela kuphela esingaba nenkathi yokuthula nengenakuhlehlela emuva.”

Ukuba lokhu bekungenziwa, khona-ke izwi lokunquma leUN ngegunya belingalahla noma iliphi izwe elisongela ukuthula komhlaba. Inamandla angempela, ibingacindezela abavukeli abanjalo ngokunamandla nangokushesha. Kodwa ingabe izizwe ezingamalungu eUN ziyoke ziyinike leligunya, ‘zenze amabutho azo ahlomile, usizo nezinto’ zokulondoloza ukuthula kutholakale? (IsiPhakamiso 43(1)) Bezingakwenza lokho​—⁠ukuba usizi lwalusongela ukucekela phansi sona kanye isisekelo amandla obuzwe bazo ngazinye ahlezi kuso. Ukuba izizwe ziyabona ukuthi ‘ukuhlanganisa amandla azo ukuze zilondoloze ukuthula nokulondeka komhlaba wonke’ ngaphansi kwegunya leUN bekungasusa izinsongo ezinjalo, lokhu bekungakhulisa ukuyihlonipha kwazo.

Mhlawumbe uyazibuza, ‘Ingabe indima yeUN ePersian Gulf yayiyisiqalo salokhu?’ Kungenzeka kwakunjalo. Izizwe eziningi zazibhekene nokuwa okuyinhlekelele kwezeminotho zazo. Futhi ukuba ezomnotho zazo ezihlanganisiwe zawa, kwakuyowa nalezo zezwe lonke. Ngakho izizwe zabambisana ngaphansi kweZizwe Ezihlangene. UMkhandlu Wezokulondeka wakhipha uchungechunge lwezinqumo zeUN zokuqeda isiphithiphithi ngokuthula, futhi lapho lokhu kwehluleka, wasekela isinqumo seUN sokusebenzisa izikhali eGulf.

UNobhala kaHulumeni waseU.S. uJames Baker, ekhuluma ngalesinqumo, wathi: “Umlando manje ususinike elinye ithuba. Njengoba sesiyiyekile impi yomshoshaphansi, manje sinethuba lokwakha izwe ababenombono walo abasunguli . . . beZizwe Ezihlangene. Sinethuba lokwenza loMkhandlu Wezokulondeka neZizwe Ezihlangene kube amathuluzi angempela okuthula nobulungiswa embulungeni yonke. . . . Kumelwe sigcwalise umbono esinawo sonke wezwe elinokuthula nokulunga eledlule enkathini yempi yomshoshaphansi.” Futhi ngokuphathelene nenkulumo-mpikiswano yabo ngokusetshenziswa kwezikhali eGulf wathi: “Ngicabanga ukuthi, kuzoba sezingeni elibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni weZizwe Ezihlangene. Ngokuqinisekile kuzokwenza-lukhulu ekunqumeni ikusasa lalendikimba.”

OFakazi BakaJehova ngokuqinile bakholelwa ukuthi iZizwe Ezihlangene zizofeza indima enkulu ezehlakalweni zezwe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Akungabazeki ukuthi lezizehlakalo zizoba ngezivusa amadlingozi kakhulu. Futhi imiphumela iyoba negalelo elifinyelela kude ekuphileni kwakho. Sikunxusa ukuba ucele oFakazi BakaJehova endaweni yakini ukuba bakutshele imininingwane eyengeziwe ngalendaba. IBhayibheli liwuveza ngokucacile umfanekiso obonisa ukuthi iZizwe Ezihlangene ngokushesha zizonikwa amandla negunya. IUN iyobe seyenza izinto ezishaqisayo ezingase zikumangaze. Futhi kuyokuthakazelisa ukuzwa ukuthi kusekhona enye indlela engcono eseduze leyo ngokuqinisekile ezoletha ukuthula nokulondeka kwaphakade!

[Isithombe ekhasini 9]

UGuido de Marco, umongameli weSishaya-​mthetho seUN (ngakwesokudla), enoNobhala-jikelele uPérez de Cuéllar emhlanganweni wama-45 weSishaya-mthetho

[Umthombo]

UN photo 176104/Milton Grant