“Abasafuneki AbaseHiroshima!”
NAKUBA abantu baseJapane babejabulile ngokunqoba ePearl Harbor futhi babekukhumbula ngesikhathi bewina, lolosuku lwakhohleka eJapane ngemva kokuba behluliwe empini. Lapho uhulumeni waseJapane ubuzwa muva nje ukuthi kungani ungaxolisanga ngalokhu kuhlasela, unobhala oyinhloko womkhandlu kahulumeli waphendula: “Uma sikhuluma ngokwesayensi yezempi nangokuvamile, nginomuzwa wokuthi ukuhlaselwa kwePearl Harbor kwakungatuseki neze. Nokho, izindaba eziphathelene nempi phakathi kweUnited States neJapane zaxazululwa iSivumelwano Sokuthula saseSan Francisco.”
Amazwi akhe amelela imizwa yamanye amaJapane ngokuhlasela ngokuzuma okwasusa impi yasePacific. Nakuba amaJapane angaphezu kwesigidi evakashela eHawaii minyaka yonke, kubika iphephandaba iMainichi Shimbun, ngokuqhathaniswa ambalwa kuphela avakashela IsiKhumbuzo saseArizona seU.S.S., esakhelwa ukukhumbula ukuhlaselwa kwePearl Harbor.
Nakuba isiqubulo esithi “Khumbulani IPearl Harbor!” sibuyisa izinkumbulo ezibuhlungu kwabathile baseMelika, amaJapane akhumbula ukuhlupheka kwawo ngokumemeza kokuthi “Abasafuneki AbaseHiroshima.” Amabhomu e-athomu lawo aqhumela phezu kwedolobha laseHiroshima nelaseNagasaki ngoAugust 1945 aba nomphumela obuhlungu kakhulu hhayi ezisulwini eziqondile kuphela kodwa nasesizweni sonke.
Ukuzizwela mathupha okwenzeka kwabasinda kusisiza ukuba siqonde imizwa yabo. Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela uItoko owayesanda kuqeda isikole futhi waba unobhala wenhlangano Yempi Yemikhumbi eHiroshima. Ngisho nakuba ayengaphakathi kwesakhiwo ayesebenza kuso, wakubona ukubaneka kwebhomu ye-athomu, njengokungathi wayeyendiswa ukukhanya ngokwakho. “Ngasebenza namasosha ukuze sicoce idolobha ngokususa izidumbu,” kuchaza uItoko. “Emfuleni, amasosha ayephonsa inetha lokudoba esesikebheni futhi ayethola izidumbu ezingaphezu kuka-50 ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho edonsa inetha. Izidumbu sasizikhiphela ogwini futhi sizipakishe ngazinhlanu bese sizishisa. Eziningi zazo zazinqunu. Ngangingakwazi ukuhlukanisa ezesilisa kwezesifazane, futhi izindebe zazo zazivuvukele njengemilomo yamadada.” AmaJapane ngeke akukhohlwe ukwesaba okwalethwa amabhomu amabili e-athomu.
Isizathu Esenza Kwasetshenziswa Isikhali Esibhubhisa Abantu Ngobuningi
UProfesa uShigetoshi Iwamatsu waseYunivesithi yaseNagasaki, naye ngokwakhe oyisisulu se-A-bomb, wabhalela amaphephandaba aseNtshonalanga eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20 edlule ewatshela ngosizi lwezisulu. “Ukusabela kwamshaqisa,” kubika iAsahi Evening News. “Ingxenye yezimpendulo yayithi kwakuyilawomabhomu e-athomu ayeqede unya lwamaJapane nokuthi kwakuxaka ukuthi izisulu zamabhomu zazinxusa ukuba kube khona ukuthula.”
Ichaza isizathu sokusebenzisa isikhali esibhubhisa abantu ngobuningi, iEncyclopedia Americana ithi: “Wanquma [uHarry S. Truman] ukusebenzisa amabhomu e-athomu ekulweni neJapane, ngoba ekholelwa ukuthi ayezoqeda impi ngokushesha futhi asindise ukuphila.” Nakuba kungekhona ukuthi akanandaba nemizwa yezisulu zeA-bomb, uKenkichi Tomioka, umcosheli wezindaba waseJapane owabika ngezimo ezineziyaluyalu zangemva kwempi, uyavuma: “Uma sibheka emuva esikhathini esiphakathi kukaMarch/April noAugust 1945, lapho ukuhlasela kokuqeda impi kufinyelela umvuthwandaba owawubeka ukuphila kwesizwe engozini, asinakungayinaki indima eyafezwa yilemithi emibili yokuqondisa izigwegwe [amabhomu e-athomu], eyayingeyokubohlisa isimo sobudlova sabaholi bezempi, eyanikwa abaholi bezempi ababebunganyele umbango wokuvikela izwe. Umbango wawungasho igyokusai (ukuya ekufeni kunokunikezela) ngomphakathi wabantu abayizigidi ezingu-100.”
Nakuba kunjalo, labo abalahlekelwa ababathandayo ekuqhunyisweni ngamabhomu eathomu nalabo abaguliswa yizifo ezabangelwa imisebe bathola ukuthi ubuhlungu babo abunakupholiswa ngamazwi avuna ukuwiswa kwepikadon, noma “ukubaneka kokukhanya nokuqhuma kwebhomu,” njengoba abasinda bewabiza kanjalo ama-A-bomb. Nakuba sekuyisikhathi eside bezibheka njengezisulu ezingenacala, abanye abasinda ekuqhumeni kwe-A-bomb manje bayaqaphela ukuthi njengoba bengabantu baseJapane, kumelwe baqaphele, njengoba uProfesa uIwamatsu asho, “ubugebengu ababenza ekulweni kwabo namanye amazwe esifundeni esisePacific eseAsia.” Ngo-1990 isisulu sebhomu saxolisa ngobugebengu bempi yamaJapane phambi kwezihambeli zakwamanye amazwe ezazisemibhikishweni yokumelana nokusetshenziswa kwamabhomu eHiroshima.
Ingabe Ngempela Babenazo Izizathu Zokubulala?
Ukwenyanya impi okukhulu kusezinhliziyweni zabaningi abazibonela ngawabo abasinda ePearl Harbor, eHiroshima, naseNagasaki. Uma bebheka emuva, abanye bayabuza ukuthi amazwe abo ayenazo yini izizathu ezizwakalayo zokufuna ukunikelwa kwabathandekayo babo.
Ukuze zishukumise umuzwa ojulile wempi futhi zivune ukubulala, zombili lezinhlangothi zahlaselana nangamazwi. Abantu baseMelika babiza amaJapane ngokuthi “sneaky Japs” (amaJap anyonyobayo) futhi akuthola kulula ukuvusa inzondo nempindiselo ngamazwi athi “Khumbulani IPearl Harbor!” EJapane abantu babefundiswa ukuthi amaNgisi namaMelika ayengamakichiku, okusho “izilwane ezingamadimoni.” Abaningi eOkinawa baze ngisho baholelwa ekubeni bazibulale kunokuba babulawe “izilwane.” Ngokufanayo, ngemva kokucela umaluju kwamaJapane, lapho amabutho ahlaselayo aseMelika efika esikhumulweni semikhumbi esiseduze, uItoko osemusha, okukhulunywe ngaye ekuqaleni, umqondisi wakhe wamnika kabili ipotassium cyanide enoshevu. Wathi, “Ungabi yinto yokudlala amasosha akwelinye izwe.”
Nokho, ngabangane bakhe abangamaJapane aseHawaii, uItoko kancane kancane waba nombono ovulekile futhi waqaphela ukuthi kokubili abaseMelika nabaseBrithani bangaba nobungane, babe mnene, futhi babe nomusa. Wahlangana noGeorge, umIrish owazalelwa eSingapore, lowo uyise owabulawa amaJapane. Bazana futhi bashada. Bayisibonelo esisodwa nje sabaningi abathola ukuthi labo ababeyizitha zabo babengabantu abanobungane. Ukuba bonke babengazibhekanga “izitha” ngombono ophazanyiswe yimpi, kodwa ngamehlo abo siqu angenabandlululo, babeyobanika uthando kunokuba babanike amabhomu.
Yebo, ukuthula phakathi kwabantu okusekelwe ekuqondaneni kubalulekile ukuze kube khona ukuthula komhlaba. Kodwa uma kubhekwa izimpi eziningi ezilwiwe kusukela ngo-1945, kusobala ukuthi abantu abakasifundi isifundo esiyisisekelo sasePearl Harbor naseHiroshima. Nokho, ngisho nokuthula phakathi kwabantu ngabanye akwanele ukuba kulethe ukuthula komhlaba. Yini ngempela okuyoyidinga? Isihloko esilandelayo sizochaza.
[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 7]
Lapho isiqubulo esithi “Khumbulani IPearl Harbor!” sibuyisa izinkumbulo ezibuhlungu kwabanye baseMelika, amaJapane akhumbula ukuhlupheka kwawo nokumemeza kokuthi “Abasafuneki AbaseHiroshima!”
[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 8]
Ukuthula phakathi kwabantu ngabanye okusekelwe ekuqondaneni kuyadingeka ukuze kube khona ukuthula komhlaba
[Isithombe ekhasini 7]
ULloyd Barry noAdrian Thompson, izithunywa zevangeli zeWatch Tower Society, ziphambi kwesiKhumbuzo Sokuthula SaseHiroshima ngo-1950
[Isithombe ekhasini 8]
IHiroshima iyincithakalo ngemva kokuqhuma kwebhomu ye-athomu
[Umthombo]
U.S. Army/Courtesy of The Japan Peace Museum