Isiqhingi INorfolk—Ukusuka Ekubeni Ikoloni Lokujezisa Ukuya Ekubeni Ipharadesi Lezivakashi
Ngumlobeli wePhaphama! eNew Zealand
ININGI lalabo ababefika ezingwini zesiQhingi iNorfolk eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-150 eyedlule leza ngempoqo—njengezigebengu ezigwetshiwe. Sasiyikoloni lokujezisa izigebengu ezazilethwe zivela eAustralia futhi sasinedumela lokuba esinye sezakhiwo zokujezisa ezinonya kakhulu emlandweni weBrithani. Namuhla, izivakashi ezingaphezu kuka-20 000 ngonyaka zivakashela ipharadesi lalesiqhingi.
Kodwa sikuphi isiQhingi iNorfolk? Lwenzeka kanjani ushintsho lokusuka ekubeni ikoloni lokujezisa kuye ekubeni indawo yezivakashi? Iziphi izenzakalo ezingavamile eziye zalolonga umlando walesisiqhingi? INorfolk inani lena ekhanga izivakashi namuhla?
Ukulindela ngokulangazelela ukuvakasha kwami kwakhuliswa engangikufunde kusengaphambili ngomlando onhlobonhlobo walesiqhingi. Ngafunda ukuthi kwakungo-1774 lapho umhloli wamazwe odumile waseNgilandi uKaputeni James Cook, okwathi egwedla ngesikebhe emaphethelweni aseningizimu-ntshonalanga yoLwandlekazi iPacific, wangathola “iZwekazi Elikhulu Eliseningizimu” ayelifuna, kodwa wathola isicongo esincane sentabamlilo esingamakhilomitha amahlanu ubude nayisishiyagalombili ububanzi, ingxenye yegquma elendlaleke ngamakhulu amakhilomitha eningizimu uma uya eNew Zealand. UCook waqamba lesiqhingi ngoMbusi waseNorfolk.
“Isiqhingi Sosizi”
Incwadi iNorfolk—An Island and Its People ithi: “INorfolk iye yaba nomlando ohlukahluke kakhulu. Kunento eyodwa eqinisekile, njengamafu esiphepho emkhathizwe, lapho abantu befika kulendawo, ngokushesha kwaba khona isiphithiphithi.”
Izimbewu zesiphithiphithi zahlwanyelwa eminyakeni engu-14 ngemva kokuthola kukaCook lesiqhingi lapho uSigaxamabhande uPhilip King ezinza kulesiqhingi ukuze asilondolozele uHulumeni waseBrithani, ngeshwa, injongo yakhe yesibili yayiwukwakha ikoloni lokujezisa elalizophungula ukuminyana emajele aseBrithani.
Nakuba lashiywa ngo-1814 ngenxa yokuthi libiza izindleko ezinkulu, lelijele labuye lakhiwa kabusha ngo-1825 futhi lagcina izinhlobonhlobo zezigebengu, ezinye ziyingozi, ezinye zingezombangazwe, nezinye eziningi ezazithuthwe zisuka emazweni akubo akude futhi zaboshelwa iziphambeko ezincane kakhulu. Ngaleyondlela, okwakuyohlala kuyipharadesi elinokuthula lasePacific kwashintshelwa ekubeni “IsiQhingi Sosizi” iminyaka engu-30, kwaze kwaba yilapho sishiywa futhi ngo-1854.
Kungani sabizwa ngokuthi “IsiQhingi Sosizi”? Ngafunda encwadini ethi Discovering Norfolk Island ukuthi “izimo zazishintsha ukusuka komunye uMphathi [wasejele] kuye kolandelayo. Umbusi onomusa nophayo ngokuvamile wayelandelwa omunye ononya kakhulu nocindezelayo. Umlando walenkathi ugcwele izindaba zokubulala, ukuvukela, ukubhuntsha kwamacebo okweqa ejele, okwakuphumelela ngezinye izikhathi, nokunqunywa nokubhaxatshulwa njengesijeziso. Umholi wamabutho uThomas Bunbury, owayenguMphathi ngo-1839, nakuba athi ngayinye yamadoda amahlanu ayentshontshe isikebhe ukuze eqe mayibhaxatshulwe imivimbo engu-300, wasungula futhi nesimiso sokuklomela iziboshwa ezaziziphethe kahle.”
Iziboshwa ezazigwetshiwe zakha indawo yokujezisa, kuhlanganise nezitokisi zayo, indawo yokuhlala amasosha, nezinye izakhiwo, lezo, ngamazinga ahlukahlukene, ezisekhona nanamuhla nezinengxenye emlandweni oyingqayizivele walesiqhingi. Ngakwazi ukuthubeleza phakathi kwalezindonga nezakhiwo eziye zachazwa njengezinye zemiklamo emihle kakhulu yenkathi yeGeorgian eNingizimu Nenkabazwe. Kwangibuyisela emuva ngeminyaka engu-150, futhi emqondweni wami ngangikuzwa ukukhala kosizi kwezisulu zasejele.
IsiQhingi INorfolk Nokuvukela
Ukuhamba phakathi kwamathuna aseNorfolk kwanginika ukuqonda okwengeziwe ngomlando walesiqhingi ongavamile. Ngahlatshwa umxhwele ukuvela kaningana kwamatshe amathuna anesibongo sakwaChristian. Ngokuvamile phakathi nesikhathi sokuvakasha kwami, ngangizwa izakhamuzi zithi, “NginguChristian,” zingabhekisele enkolweni yazo, kodwa kunalokho, zicabanga ngokhokho bazo.
Bambalwa abangakaze bezwe ngomkhumbi okwakuthiwa iBounty nokuvukela okwenzeka kuwo. Uye waba isihloko sezincwadi eziningi namabhayisikobho okungenani amathathu. Abadume ngendlela efanayo izitha eziyinhloko, uKaputeni Bligh nosigaxamabhande wakhe omncane owayebambele, uFletcher Christian. NgoApril 1789, ngemva kokusuka eTahiti, uBligh kanye nezikhulu zakhe ezingu-18 ezithembekile bamukiswa ngesikebhe esincane bemukiswa uChristian nabavukeli abakanye naye. Ngemva kwamasonto esabekayo ayisikhombisa besolwandle nalokho okuye kwachazwa njengezinye zezenzo zobuqhawe eziphawulekayo emlandweni wezemikhumbi, uBligh nabakanye naye bafika eTimor, manje eyingxenye yeIndonesia, cishe amakhilomitha angu-6 400 entshonalanga ukusuka endaweni abashiywa kuyo. UBligh kamuva wabuyela eNgilandi ukuze alandise indaba yakhe, futhi abavukeli abathathu bahlulelwa futhi balengiswa.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngemva kokubuyela eTahiti ngeBounty, uFletcher, abavukeli abakanye naye abangu-8, nabantu baseTahiti abangu-19, kuhlanganise kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane, bagwedla ngesikebhe babalekela izenzo zokuphindisela. Ngo-1790 bafika esiQhingini esikude iPitcairn, amakhilomitha angu-2 200 eningizimu-mpumalanga yeTahiti.
Ngabavukeli kungashiwo ukuthi isiQhingi iPitcairn saba isijeziso esithile. Impilo yasesiqhingini yayinzima. Umona waholela ebudloveni nasekubulaweni. Nokho, naphezu kwalezinkinga nobunzima obuhambisana nazo bokuziphilisa, “ikoloni” lasimama, lingacabangi nakucabanga ukuthi ngo-1856 inzalo yabo yayizothola ithuba lokuhlala esiQhingini iNorfolk, amakhilomitha angu-7 000 ukuya entshonalanga.
Ukusuka EPitcairn Ukuya ENorfolk
UJune 8, 1990, esiQhingini iNorfolk wantwela unokubanda futhi umanzi. Nokho, isimo sezulu asizange sivimbele amakhulu ezakhamuzi zasesiqhingini, ezazivunule ngemvunulo enhle yenkathi ephakathi nekhulu le-19 leminyaka, ukuba ahlangane ogwini lolwandle ukuze agubhe umkhosi waminyaka yonke woSuku LweBounty. Njengesibukeli esihlabeke umxhwele, ngabona amatilosi elwa nomoya namagagasi njengoba ayelingisa ukufika ogwini okwenzeka eminyakeni engu-134 ngaphambili, ngo-1856.
Ngalowonyaka, kwase kudlule iminyaka engu-67 selokhu kwenzeka ukuvukela. Ngalesosikhathi iZakhamuzi zasesiQhingini iPitcairn ezingu-193 zaphinde zahlaliswa ekhaya elisha esiQhingini iNorfolk. Ezinye kamuva zabuya, futhi ngaleyondlela iPitcairn isalokhu inabantu nanamuhla.
Esikhundleni sokubonisa unya, abavukeli abanobudlova, abahlali abasha baseNorfolk—abantu abanamandla bozalo lwaseYurophu naseTahiti—babeye baba umphakathi onobungane, onobunye, nothanda inkolo. Ukufuya nokudoba kwakuyizindlela eziyinhloko zokuziphilisa. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwasePitcairn kwakubahlomisele kahle ukuphila kwabo kokuba ngabodwa nokuzethemba bona okwakuzoqhubeka. Ngisho nokuthintana okuncane namanye amazwe angaphandle ngemikhumbi edlulayo kwaba nzima ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesikhumulo esinamanzi ajulile.
Isikhumulo Sezindiza Noshintsho
Njengoba kwenzeka ezizweni eziningi zaseNingizimu Pacific, iMpi Yezwe II yenza kwaba noshintsho eNorfolk, oluphawuleka kakhulu lwaba ukwakhiwa kwesikhumulo sezindiza. Ukuba khona kwesikhumulo sezindiza kwenza kwaba khona ukuxhumana njalo namanye amazwe angaphandle kanye nalokho manje okwaziwa njengomthombo walesiqhingi omkhulu wemali, ukufika kwezivakashi zizobona indawo.
Ngaphambi kokuba mina nengangihamba nabo sehle esikhumulweni sezindiza saseNorfolk, ummeleli wakhona weGovernment Tourist Bureau wasitshela ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi imfuyo yayehla yenyuka emigwaqeni, “sicela nishayele ngokucophelela. Izilwane zinelungelo lokuqala lokuhamba emgwaqweni.” Ngempela, izivakashi, ezivela ikakhulukazi eAustralia naseNew Zealand, zikhangwa indlela yokuphila engenamicilikisho, elula. Futhi, okukhangayo, ubuhle bemvelo, ukuthenga ngaphandle kwentela, nomlando oyingqayizivele ophathelene namakoloni okuqala okujezisa nokuvukela kwamuva kuyiBounty.
Nakuba izakhamuzi zakulesiqhingi ziqaphela ukuthi zixhomeke ebhizinisini lokufika kwezivakashi, ukwanda okukhona kwalelibhizinisi kuyinto ekhathazayo kwezinye izakhamuzi zakudala zaseNorfolk ezibheka emuva ngenkumbulo ezinsukwini zakudala ezazigcwele ukuzethemba okukhudlwana. Lapho ngibuza esinye isakhamuzi sesifazane ukuthi sasizilangazelela yini izinsuku zakudala, saphendula: “Yebo! Awu, yebo! Ngokuqinisekile ngiyazikhumbula! Wonke umuntu wayenesikhathi esanele sokukhathalela abanye ngobuqotho. Abantu bababelana imikhiqizo yabo. Manje yonke into igxile emalini.”
“Watawieh Yuu”
Lokho ukubingelelwa engakuthola ngolunye usuku ekuseni lapho ngisenkonzweni yendlu ngendlu. Ukuthi “Watawieh yuu” (What a way you) kuhumusha ukuthi “Sawubona; unjani?” Nakuba isiNgisi sikhulunywa kakhulu esiQhingini iNorfolk, abafuduki bango-1856 bafika nolimi lwabo olumnandi, inhlanganisela yesiNgisi sakudala nesiTahiti, olwakheka phakathi nokuhlala kwabo isikhashana ePitcairn. Ngaphezu kakhulu kokuba isiPidgin English, “isiPitcairn,” noma “isiNorfolk,” siwulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela yaso futhi sikhulunywa ngendlela emnandi esamculo.
Ngahlola ezinye izibonelo encwadini ethi Speak Norfolk Today. Ukuthi “Twelw salan goe d’ miiting” kusho ukuthi “Abantu abayishumi nambili baye emhlanganweni.” Ukuthi “Es gud dieh, el duu f’ gu fishen” kufana nokuthi “Luhle usuku lwanamuhla, lulungele nje ukuba umuntu ayodoba.”
“Woza Uzobona”
Enye incwajana enikwa izivakashi ithi ngeNorfolk: “Iyindawo yeholide evelele enabantu abanobungane kakhulu, enhle kakhulu, engokomlando, enhle, ephumuzayo, elondekile, ehehayo, engoniwe, neyezemidlalo, ezedlula zonke emhlabeni.” Isakhamuzi sakhona ngokuziqhayisa sangitshela ukuthi: “Ngicabanga ukuthi siseduze ngangokunokwenzeka nezimo zepharadesi kulesimiso sezinto, futhi ngeke ngithande ukuyishiya ngiye noma kuphi kwenye indawo.”
Nakuba iseSouth Seas, indawo yayo yasemaphandleni iyafana namazwe anesimo sezulu esingashisi kakhulu futhi esingabandi kakhulu. Kunamagquma aluhlaza cwe, anezihlahla ezinhle ezehlela ezansi, izihlahla ezimfushane, nezimbali. Noma ngimi kunoma iyiphi indawo ephakeme, ngangibona uLwandlekazi olukhulu iPacific. Imizi, engaminyene, isezingadini ezinhle. Ubugebengu ngokuvamile abukho. Abantu bayaqhubeka besebenza ngokuzikhandla, usizo lukahulumeni ludingeka kancane. Isimo sokuncika kwabantu kubo ngokwabo, nesokuzivumelanisa nezimo sisalokhu sikhona. Futhi ngisho nakulesiqhingi esincane, oFakazi BakaJehova bashumayela isigijimi sabo sezindaba ezinhle.
Labantu abanomoya wokwamukela izihambi bakulesiqhingi esiyingqayizivele bangase bathi kuwe, “Yorlye cum look orn”—“Do come and have a look” (Woza uzobona). Kwakumnandi ukuba nethuba lokwamukela lesimemo.
[Ibalazwe/Isithombe ekhasini 15]
Noma umi kunoma iyiphi indawo ephakeme, uLwandlekazi olubanzi LwasePacific luyabonakala
[Ibalazwe]
(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)
IsiQhingi INorfolk
IsiQhingi IPitcairn
INew Zealand
[Izithombe ekhasini 16]
Izakhiwo zabaphathi nezindonga zejele; isiQhingi iPhilip sibuqamama
Isihlahla sephayini esilingana yonke indawo esitholakala eNorfolk kuphela