Ukubuka Okwezwe

Inkolo ECanada

“AbaseCanada bashiya inkolo ngamanani aqopha umlando,” kubika iVancouver Sun. Ingxenye yabantu abadala eCanada ayiyi ngokuphelele ezinkonzweni zesonto noma imane iye cishe kanye ngonyaka. Izibalo zamuva zibonisa ukuthi phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule, inani labaseCanada abathi abanayo inkolo cishe seliye laphindeka kabili. UJim Hodgson, ongomunye unobhala wemfundo nokuxhumana kwabefundisi woMkhandlu WamaSonto waseCanada, wathi: “Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo nokuzitika kuyisisusa sabo ekuphileni.” Wanezela ngokuthi “inxanxathela yezitolo cishe ibaluleke ngaphezu kwesonto ekuphileni kwabantu abaningi.”

Inhloko-dolobha Entsha YaseNigeria

Eminyakeni engu-77 edlule, iLagos yayiyinhloko-dolobha yaseNigeria. Kodwa ngoDecember 12, 1991, umongameli waseNigeria uIbrahim Babangida nomkakhe bavalelisa izixuku ezihalalisayo eLagos, bagibela indiza enesivinini, futhi bandiza amakhilomitha angu-500 beya phakathi nezwe eAbuja, eyamenyezelwa ngokomthetho njengenhloko-dolobha entsha yesizwe. Lesinqumo sokuthuthela ikomkhulu likahulumeni eAbuja senziwa ngo-1976 phakathi nokuchuma kukawoyela eNigeria. Ngokukamagazini waseNigeria iNewswatch, lesinqumo sashukunyiswa isifiso sokumisa inhloko-dolobha maphakathi nezwe nesokubalekela ukuminyana eLagos.

Inkinga Yesomiso YaseAustralia

“IAustralia esemaphandleni iye yawela enkingeni embi kunazo zonke cishe eminyakeni engu-50,” kusho iWeekend Australian Review yaseSydney. Ekupheleni kukaOctober 1991, izwe laseNew South Wales lathi amaphesenti angu-65 endawo yalo akhungethwe isomiso. Ngasenyakatho, iQueensland engumakhelwane iye yamemezela ukuthi izingxenye ezingaphezu kwezimbili kwezintathu zalelozwe zithintwe isomiso. Ngesikhathi lelizwekazi lingena enkathini yalo yamuva kakhulu yehlobo, amaphesenti angu-60 empumalanga yeAustralia kakade ayesenezimvula ezingaphansi kwesilinganiso izinyanga eziningi, njengoba ezinye izindawo zabika izimvula eziphansi kunazo zonke emlandweni. IReview yaphawula ukuthi “umbuzo uwukuthi ingabe lesi SingesiKhulu: isomiso esikhulu kunazo zonke eminyakeni eyikhulu.”

Umqondo Ongenampilo

“Umqondo wobuhle babesifazane abesifazane muva nje abayalwa ukuba bawulwele ezimweni eziningi awukho ngokwemvelo, awutholakali, futhi awunampilo,” ngokombiko wamuva kuyiTufts University Diet and Nutrition Letter. Emehlweni abesifazane abaningi namuhla, umqondo wobuhle awunakwehlukaniswa nokuzaca. Ezokuxhumana zithuthukisa lendinganiso ngokusetshenziswa okuphikelelayo kwabakhangisi abazace kakhulu. “Kodwa,” njengoba umbiko uphawula, “akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi abesifazane akudingekile ukuba babukeke njengabafana abazivivinya kakhulu, abaningi abanakukwazi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangase bazame kanzima kanjani.” Kubonakala sengathi abesifazane ngokwemvelo baba namafutha engeziwe kunamadoda; amantombazane amaningi ngeke aqalise umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini kuze kube yilapho eba namafutha angamaphesenti angu-17 emizimbeni yawo. Ukukhulelwa nakho kunezela amafutha emzimbeni. Ngaleyondlela, abesifazane abaseminyakeni ephakathi, kungakhathaliseki impucuko noma izwe, banamafutha angamaphesenti angu-40 emizimbeni yabo.

Ukunciphisa Ukwanda Kwenani Labantu

Maphakathi no-1991, inani labantu emhlabeni lase lifinyelele ezigidini zezigidi ezingu-5,4. Uma liqhubeka nokwanda ngesilinganiso samanje, kusho umbiko iState of World Population 1991, inani labantu emhlabeni liyobe selifinyelele ezigidini zezigidi eziyishumi ngonyaka ka-2050. IUNFPA (UN Fund for Population Activities) ihlela ukunciphisa lokhu kwanda—ikakhulukazi eAfrika lapho, ngokwesilinganiso, owesifazane ngamunye ezala abantwana abangu-6,2. Umgomo weUNFPA wonyaka ka-2000 uwukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinqubo zanamuhla zokulawula inzalo ngamaphesenti angu-50 emhlabeni wonke. Ukuhlangabezana nalomgomo kuyobiza amaRandi ayizigidi zezigidi ezingu-25 minyaka yonke, ngokweUNFPA. Abanye babheka lezindleko njengezingekhona ukulahlekelwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ukubala kwezikhulu eNdiya kubonisa ukuthi kusukela ngo-1979 kuye kwanqandwa ukuzalwa kwabayizigidi ezingu-106 ngokusetshenziswa kokulawulwa kwenzalo. Lokhu kuye konga amaRandi ayizigidi zezigidi ezingu-2 040 ngezindleko zemfundo nempilo.

Idumela Labefundisi

NgokweEPS (Ecumenical Press Service), inxusa lezindaba loMkhandlu Wezwe WamaSonto, ukuhlola kwamuva kwembula ukuthi umbono weningi ngabefundisi baseJalimane “uye waba mubi kakhulu.” IEPS ithi inkonzo yezokwaziswa ye-Evangelical Alliance yaseJalimane yaphawula ukuthi “ngokokuqala ngqá abefundisi besonto ababonakali emisebenzini eyishumi ephambili enedumela elihle kakhulu.” Kusukela ngo-1987, abefundisi kulokho okwakuyiMpumalanga Jalimane behla njalo baze baba seqophelweni le-19 ohlwini lwemisebenzi engu-25 eyahlolwa, kuyilapho ozakwabo kulokho okwakuyiNtshonalanga Jalimane basuka eqophelweni lesihlanu bafinyelela eqophelweni le-12.

Umdlavuza Wezibele Wabesilisa

Enye indoda yaseProvo, eUtah, U.S.A., yabhalela umagazini iAmerican Health yabuza: “Ingabe kungenzeka ukuba indoda ibe nomdlavuza wezibele?” Impendulo yathi: “Yebo, kodwa akuve kungavamile.” Ezigulini ezintsha ezingaphezu kuka-170000 zomdlavuza wamabele ezilindelwe eUnited States phakathi no-1991, ezingaba ngu-900 cishe zizoba amadoda. Izici eziyingozi zamadoda ezibalwe yilowomagazini kwakuyilezi: “umlando womkhaya wowesilisa owaba nomdlavuza wezibele; iKlinefelter’s syndrome, isifo esithathelwana ngofuzo esihlangene negynecomastia (ukuvuvuka kwamabele); nehyperestrogenism, ukukhiqizwa kwe-estrogen eyeqile.” IAmerican Health yaqhubeka ithi “njengoba umdlavuza wezibele ngokuvamile usuke usumubi ngaphambi kokuba utholakale, ngokuvamile odokotela batusa ukususa izibele ngokuzihlinza.”

Igazi Nezifo

Ungqongqoshe wezempilo waseIndonesia uthi abantu abafinyelela ku-2 500 kulelozwe kungenzeka banengculaza, kubika iJakarta Post. Umphakathi uqasheliswa kakhulu ngengozi yengculaza phakathi kwabantu baseIndonesia. Kuqashelwa ukuthi lesifo esibulalayo singasakazeka ngokumpontshelwa igazi, kwenziwa umzamo okhethekile wokuhlola igazi laseIndonesia. IJakarta Post ibika ukuthi ayikatholakali iHIV kunoma imaphi amasampula egazi elinikelwe. Nokho, iSiphambano Esibomvu saseIndonesia siye sathola igciwane likagcunsula negciwane leSifo Sokusha Kwesibindi Sohlobo B emaphesentini angu-2,56 egazi elinikelwe eliye lahlolwa kuze kube manje.

I-ivory Yemifino

Ukufunwa kweivory yezilwane kuye kwacishe kwaziqothula ngokuphelele izindlovu. “Manje emahlathini emvula aseNingizimu Melika kunomkhiqizo ongokwemvelo ongase usize ekunciphiseni lesosidingo,” kusho umagazini i-International Wildlife. “Ubizwa ngokuthi itagua, futhi, ngokungefani nezimpondo zezindlovu, umila ezihlahleni.” Leivory yemifino yenziwa ngezinhlamvu ezonyisiwe zapholishwa zamasundu aseNingizimu Melika. Uma ibaziwe, ifana ngokuphawulekayo neivory yezilwane kokubili ngokubukeka nalapho ithintwa, futhi ize ifane nayo nangokuba nezimbotshana. Akungabazeki ukuthi yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi iPhytelephas—“isihlahla sendlovu.” Isilela kuphela ngobungako bayo, obungaphezudlwana kwamasentimitha angu-2,5, obulinganisela izinto ezingenziwa ngayo. Ukusetshenziswa kweivory yemifino akukusha kodwa kuhlehlela emuva eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu. Izinkinobho nezinye izinto zazenziwa ngayo. Kodwa ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, ukuncintisana ngamapulasitiki ayesanda kusungulwa nashibhile kwaqeda ukuthengiswa kwetagua, futhi yalibaleka cishe ngokuphelele. Ukusetshenziswa kwetagua kakade sekuyanda eJapane, eFrance, eNtaliyane, eJalimane, naseUnited States.

Ukuphinga EArgentina

Iphephandaba laseArgentina iClarín libika ukuthi amaphesenti angu-90 abantu abaqasha izinkonzo zabaseshi bomshoshaphansi eArgentina afuna ubufakazi bokuphinga kwabalingane bawo. IClarín ithi “iningi labaqashi lingabesifazane (cishe amaphesenti angu-75). Ngokuvamile cishe baneminyaka engu-40 ubudala.” Abaseshi bomshoshaphansi bakwazi ukuthola ubufakazi obanele obuphathekayo ukuze baqinisekise ukusola kokuphinga emaphesentini angu-80 alezimo.

Izimo Zengqondo Ezishintshayo

Kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe II, iJapane iye yaphuma ebumpofwini futhi manje iqashelwa kabanzi njengelinye lamazwe anezimali ezinkulu emhlabeni. Nokho, amaJapane avamile awahlabeki umxhwele. Ukuhlola kwamuva kwathola ukuthi kuphela “amaphesenti angu-27 amaJapane athi ayaziqhenya ngezinkampane eziyinhloko zezwe,” kuphawula iMainichi Daily News. Emazweni ayishumi ahlolwa, amaJapane awalishisekeli kangako izwe kuzo zonke izici. Amaphesenti ayishumi kuphela amaJapane athi angalifela izwe lawo. Lokhu kuwukushintsha okuphawulekayo ezimweni zengqondo zangesikhathi somvuthwandaba weMpi Yezwe II, lapho ngokweKodansha Encyclopedia of Japan, amaphesenti angu-92 abesilisa ababengekho empini ahlanganyela emzamweni wempi enza kanjalo ngokuzithandela.

Ukutheneka Amandla Ekulwisaneni Nomalaleveva

“Lezi izinsuku ezingajabulisi ekulwisaneni nomalaleveva,” kusho umagazini iScience. Umbiko omusha ovela kuyi-Institute of Medicine ubonisa ukuthi ngemva kokwenza intuthuko ngawo-1940 nawo-1950, abantu manje bathenwa amandla yileligciwane. Abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi emazweni angu-102, abaningi babo abangabantwana, bayafa unyaka ngamunye. Okunezela kulenkinga kuwukuthi imilaliso yokulwisana nomalaleveva esetshenziswayo iye yangaphumelela, futhi imizamo yokuthaka imithi emisha yokugoma iye yashiyeka. Impi emazweni aseAfrika, lapho kwenzeka khona ukufa okuningi, nayo iye yakwenza kwaba nzima ukulwisana nalesifo, futhi amazwe acebe ngokwengeziwe ebenciphisa imali yawo ebekelwa ukuhlola ngomalaleveva.