Kodwa Ingabe Yikho Ngempela?
LOKHO umuntu angakwenza, omunye angakulingisa. Lokho okubonayo kungase kubonakale kuyikho kanye okufunayo, kodwa ingabe yikho ngempela? Ngezinye izikhathi, kuye kwasetshenziswa amakhambi aqinile ukuze kunqandwe umgunyathi. Omunye umnikazi wehhotela elincane oyiJalimane walengiswa ekhulwini le-14 leminyaka ngokuthengisa iwayini eliphansi njengokungathi iRüdesheimer yangempela. EBrithani, phakathi neminyaka engu-140 yangaphambi kuka-1832, abantu abangaphezu kuka-300 balengiswa ngenxa yomgunyathi. Ngo-1597 abakhandi bezinto zegolide ababili babethelwa ngezindlebe ogodweni lokugconwa ngenxa yokuphawula okungamanga izitsha zegolide zohlobo oluphansi.
“Ukuqoqa kobuhlanya kwakha ipharadesi labathengisi abangathembekile,” kusho uMark Jones, owaba nengxenye embukisweni waseMnyuziyamu waseBrithani iFake? The Art of Deception. Ngisho nabantu abazi kangcono kakhulu baye baba yizisulu. Umuntu “wemivubukulo” wasePiltdown wenziwa futhi wakhohlisa iqembu elingokwesayensi iminyaka eminingi. “Izincwadi zezenzakalo zokuphila” kukaHitler zinikeza ubufakazi obukhanyayo bamandla abantu abenza umgunyathi okukhohlisa ngisho nalabo okufanele bazi kangcono.
“Ukwanda okukhulu kwendawo yokukhohlisa namuhla,” kusho uMark Jones, “. . . umgunyathi omkhulu wempahla enegama.” Ngokwesibonelo, kuye kwalinganiselwa ukuthi amacomputer omgunyathi eApple asukela ku-10 000 kuya ku-15 000 aye athengiswa inyanga ngayinye eUnited States ngo-1987. Umgunyathi wamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-90,75 ezitsha zaseWaterford ezenziwe ngekristalu uye watholakala muva nje. “Amakristalu afana nekristalu elinedumela elikhulu emhlabeni wonke aye akhiqizwa embonini esedolobheni elikude laseFrance,” kusho iSunday Times eBrithani.
Lesizukulwane sifisa impahla yokunethezeka. “Namuhla,” kusho uVincent Carratu, owayeyisosha omelene nabantu abenza umgunyathi, umuntu owenza umgunyathi kwezebhizinisi “uzokhiqiza amakha-mbumbulu iChanel, kusasa aphendukele emayembeni-mbumbulu okuphola eFila, futhi kamuva uyoletha amarekhethi-mbumbulu eDunlop okudlala ithenisi avela kwamanye amazwe.” Noma yini umthengi ayifunayo, umenzi wezinto-mbumbulu uyayenza. Kodwa, iQembu Elilwa Nezinto Zomgunyathi laseBrithani liyaxwayisa, “ngokuvamile . . . ‘intengo okuvunyelenwe ngayo’ yewashi elithengiswa [ngamaRandi angu-245] empeleni isuke [ingamaRandi angu-24,50].”
Inkohliso Esongela Ukuphila
IAnti-Counterfeiting News ngokufanayo iveza enye inkinga, ingozi yempahla esezingeni eliphansi: “Imikhiqizo eyingozi nengekho ezingeni elifanele iletha usongo lwangempela ekulondekeni komthengi.” Lungolungathi sína kangakanani lolusongo? ITrademark World inikeza lezibonelo: “Ukuphahlazeka kwezindiza okuyishumi nane nokufa okungenani kwabantu ababili kuye kwatholakala ukuthi kwabangelwa izingxenye-mbumbulu zezindiza.” UMkhandlu Wesizwe Wabathengi waseBrithani wembula indlela izinkulungwane zamaplug kagesi asezingeni eliphansi namabhuleki-mbumbulu ezimoto anezembozo zenjoloba esezingeni eliphansi okuye kwangena ngayo ezimakethe. Uthi, “konke lokhu kungaletha ingozi kumthengi.”
Abangenaluzwela ngokukhethekile yilabo abakhiqiza imithi yokwelapha eyinkohliso. “U-70% wayo yonke imithi yokwelapha ethengiswa kwezinye izingxenye zeAfrika iyimithi-mbumbulu,” kusho iQembu Elilwisana Nomgunyathi laseBrithani. Ngokwesibonelo, umuthi wamehlo owatholakala eNigeria wawungenazo izici ezelaphayo futhi wawenziwe ngamanzi angcolile. Ayengabangela ubumpumputhe. “Uma abantu kumelwe bathembele ‘kuzibulali-magciwane’ ezingenazo izibulali-magciwane,” kwasho iWorld Health Organization ngo-1987, “kusayoqhubeka ukufa futhi ngaleyondlela ukwenziwa komgunyathi kuwukubulala okukhulu.”
Ngisho nemali yamaphepha oyiphathayo ingase ibe yimali-mbumbulu. Muva nje, onyakeni owodwa kuphela, amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-539 angamadollar-mbumbulu aye abanjwa emhlabeni wonke. Imali yomgunyathi [engamaRandi angu-275] eyayisakazeke eIreland yayisezingeni eliphakeme “kangangokuthi elinganiselwa ku-155 yadluliselwa kuwo wonke amabhange amakhulu,” kusho i-Irish Times.
Yini ongayenza ukuze uzivikele ezinkohlisweni? Esinye isazi sezindaba zabathengi sithi “isivikelo esingcono kakhulu sokuzivikela emgunyathini ukuba umthengi onolwazi.” Siyanezela: “Uma kuzwakala kukuhle ukuthi kungaba yiqiniso, cishe kuyiwo ngempela.”
[Isithombe ekhasini 20]
“Umvubukulo” wasePiltdown wawuwumgunyathi owakhohlisa ososayensi iminyaka eminingi