Ziphokophelephi Izindinganiso Zokuziphatha?

EMAKHULWINI amaningi eminyaka iBhayibheli lalingangatshazwa njengendinganiso yokuziphatha emazweni amaningi. Nakuba kungebona bonke abantu ababephila ngezimiso zalo eziphakeme, iBhayibheli laliwunikeza umphakathi oliqaphelayo ulimi oluvamile lokuziphatha, indinganiso yokwahlulela ukuziphatha. Kodwa umongameli weyunivesithi yamaJesuit uJoseph O’Hare wakhononda: “Siye saba nesimiso esingokwesiko sezindinganiso eziye zabekelwa inselele futhi zatholakala zintula noma ziyisidala. Manje kubonakala zingekho nakancane izindinganiso zokuziphatha.”

Yini eyabangela ukuba ukuziphatha okuhle okusekelwe eBhayibhelini kungathandwa? Esinye isici esinamandla kwakuwu-kwamukelwa kabanzi kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Incwadi ethi American Values: Opposing Viewpoints ithi: “Kuyo yonke impucuko eyaziwayo, abantu babekholelwa emazweni amabili: elalingase libonwe, nelalingabonakali. . . . Izwe elingabonakali lalinikeza isisekelo senjongo nokubaluleka . . . Laliwumthombo wobumbano emphakathini wabo. Nokho, cishe phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, abantu baqala ukutshelwa ukuthi lalingekho izwe elingabonakali. Lalingekho futhi lalingakaze libe khona.” Ikakhulukazi kusukela ngalesosikhathi kuqhubeke, kwaba khona ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kweBhayibheli nezindinganiso zalo zokuziphatha. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukucusumbulwa kweBhayibheli nokukhishwa kwencwadi kaDarwin ethi Origin of Species kwakuphakathi kwalokhu kuhlasela okungokwefilosofi.a

Ngakho ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwaqeda igunya leBhayibheli ezingqondweni zabaningi. Njengoba isihloko esithile kuyi-Harvard Magazine sakubeka, manje iBhayibheli lase libhekwa ‘njengendaba ecatshangelwayo.’ Leligalelo lalibhubhisa ekuziphatheni okuhle. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwaba yilokho usosayensi owaziwayo uFred Hoyle akubiza ngokuthi “imvume yanoma yikuphi ukuziphatha ngokunganaki izimiso.”

Yiqiniso, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kumane nje kuyingxenye yalesisimo. Izimpi ezimbili zezwe nazo zaqhubekisela phambili ukungabi nakukhanyiselwa okusakazekile ngenkolo. Inguquko yezezimboni yaletha izinguquko zezenhlalo—nezingokokuziphatha—ezinkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda okusheshayo kwendathande yemithombo yezindaba enamandla kuye kwavula ithuba lokuchaya abantu ekuziphatheni okonakele ngokwezinga elikhulu.

Ingabe Konke Kulinganiselwe?

Khona-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi abantu abaningi abanaso isisekelo sezindinganiso zokuziphatha. Bakhukhulekile njengomkhumbi ongenalo iphini lokuwuqondisa. Ngokwesibonelo, abaningi balandela isimo sengqondo esidlangile sokuziphatha okulinganiselwe, umbono wokuthi “amaqiniso ezindinganiso zokuziphatha axhomeke kubantu ngabanye nasemaqenjini azisebenzisayo.” Ngokwalefilosofi, akukho okuphelele ngokokuziphatha—konke kulinganiselwe. Abasekeli balefilosofi bagomela ngokuthi: ‘Okungalungile kuwe kungase kube kuhle komunye umuntu.’ Ngenxa yokuthi isiqondiso sabo sokuziphatha sibatshela ukuba benze noma yini abayithandayo, bayashesha ukubheka cishe noma yikuphi ukuziphatha njengokwamukelekayo.

Ngakho, isenzo ngaphambili esasingase sichazwe ngokuthi “sinesono” noma “asilungile” manje simane nje “siwubuwula.” Lesisenzo singase sithethelelwe ngokuthi “siyanyanyisa” kodwa ngeke silahlwe ‘njengokuziphatha okubi.’ Lokhu kusikhumbuza izinsuku zomprofethi wasendulo u-Isaya lapho kwakukhona “abasho okubi ukuthi kungokuhle, nokuhle ukuthi kungububi, ababeka ubumnyama bube-ngukukhanya, nokukhanya kube-ngubumnyama.”—Isaya 5:20.

Ukugudlulela Icala Komunye

Okunye ukuthambekela kokuziphatha ukugudlulela icala komunye. U-Adamu wasola u-Eva, no-Eva ngokufanayo wasola inyoka. Abeqi bomthetho banamuhla ngokufanayo bavame ukuthwesa omunye umthwalo wabo, futhi ngokuvamile basizwa ochwepheshe bezomthetho nabezokusebenza kwengqondo ukuba benze kanjalo. Isihloko esithile kuyi-U.S.News & World Report sasola izazi zezokusebenza kwengqondo “ngokusungula izifo ezintsha eziveza abeqi bomthetho njengezisulu ezingenakuzisiza.” Ngokwesibonelo, kubikwa ukuthi i-American Psychiatric Association yakucabangela ngokungathi sína ukubiza abadlwenguli ngokuthi izisulu zesifo esabizwa kamnandi ngokuthi “ukudlwengula ngenxa yothando oluhlanyisayo.” Abanye baba nomuzwa wokuthi lokhu kwakuyoholela ekubeni kube khona imvume engokomthetho yokudlwengula ngaphandle kwesijeziso. “Abesifazane babhikisha ngamandla kangangokuthi kwatholakala ngokushesha ukuthi ukudlwengula akusona isifo.”

Lokhu akukhona ukuphika iqiniso elisobala lokuthi ukuphathwa kabi kwasebuntwaneni kungaba nomphumela omubi kumuntu lapho esemdala. Kodwa kuyiphutha ukuthi okwenzeka esikhathini esidlule kuthethelela ukuziphatha okunobudlova noma okubi komuntu omdala.

Intsha—Ayinaso Isiqondiso Sokuziphatha

Ukudideka kwezwe okungokokuziphatha kuye kwashiya ithonya lakho ikakhulukazi entsheni ethatheka kalula. Umcwaningi uRobert Coles waseYunivesithi yaseHarvard wathola ukuthi asikho nesisodwa isisekelo seziqondiso esiqondisa ukuphila kokuziphatha kwezingane zaseMelika. Ziqondiswa iziqondiso zokuziphatha nezindinganiso ezihlukahlukene. Cishe amaphesenti angu-60 eqembu lentsha efunda isikole okwaxoxwa nawo athi aqondiswa yilokho okuwenza aphumelele noma lokho okuwenza azizwe ejabule.

Ngezinye izikhathi izikole zinesandla ekudidekeni okunjalo kokuziphatha. Cabangela uhlelo olunethonya olwalunesihloko esithi “ukucaciswa kwezindinganiso,” olwaqaliswa eminyakeni embalwa edlule ezikoleni zase-U.S. Ziyini izimfundiso zalo eziyisisekelo? Abantwana kufanele bazikhethele izindinganiso zabo siqu zokuziphatha.

Ubuze bezindinganiso zokuziphatha ezinjalo busobala kokuhlangenwe nakho komunye umfundi wesikole esithile saseDolobheni laseNew York owanquma ukubuyisela isikhwama semali athola ukuthi sinamaRandi angu-3 000. Basabela kanjani abafundi abakanye naye ekilasini lemfundo yokuziphatha? Wagconwa futhi wasolwa ngokwenza kanjalo! Okubi nangaphezulu, akekho noyedwa uthisha noma isikhulu sesikole esancoma ukuziphatha kwakhe kokwethembeka. Omunye uthisha wathethelela lokuntuleka kokuncoma ngokuthi: “Uma nginquma ukuthi yikuphi okuhle nokubi, khona-ke lokhu kusho ukuthi angibanikezi inkululeko yokuzikhethela njengomeluleki wabo.”

Ingabe Amasonto Angakuvimbela Ukuwohloka Kokuziphatha?

Akumangalisi ukuthi isimo sezwe esidabukisayo sokuziphatha siye sabangela ukuwohloka. Abaningi manje bakhalela ukubuyela ezindinganisweni ezingokwesiko, kwabanye okusho ukubuyela enkolweni. Nokho, amasonto awanawo umlando omuhle ekunikezeni ukuhola okungokokuziphatha. INgqungquthela yeSonto laseHabe (e-U.S.) yavuma: “Sibhekene nosizi olukhulu noluyinhlekelele kakhulu.” Uhlobo olunjani losizi? “Amaphesenti aphakathi kwayishumi nangu-23 abefundisi ezweni lonke aye ahileleka ekuziphatheni okungokobulili noma aba nobuhlobo bobulili namalungu ezifunda zawo, amakhasimende, izisebenzi, njalonjalo.”

Ngakho ubumnyama obungokwenkolo buyasibekela. Umongameli we-U.S. Business and Industrial Council wakufingqa ngalendlela lapho ethi: “Izinhlangano zenkolo zihlulekile ukudlulisela izindinganiso zazo ezingokomlando, futhi ezikhathini eziningi, ziye zaba ingxenye yenkinga [yokuziphatha], zikhuthaza imfundiso yenkululeko engokwenkolo nemibono engenazindinganiso yokuziphatha kwabantu.”

Khona-ke, kusobala ukuthi unembeza womuntu ongafundisiwe awanele ukuba uqondise isintu. Izindinganiso zanamuhla zokuziphatha zikhukhulekela ekuwohlokeni okuphelele kokuziphatha. Sidinga isiqondiso esivela kothile ophakeme kunathi.—Qhathanisa nezAga 14:12; Jeremiya 10:23.

Sikhona isiqondiso esinjalo. Bonke abasifunayo bayasithola.

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 5]

Ukukholelwa ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo kwakuyisici esabangela ukuba ukuziphatha okusekelwe eBhayibhelini kungabe kusathandwa

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 6]

‘Amaphesenti aphakathi kwayishumi nangu-23 abefundisi aye ahileleka ebuhlotsheni bobulili namalungu ezifunda zawo, amakhasimende, izisebenzi, njalonjalo.’

[Isithombe ekhasini 7]

Abefundisi baye bakhuthaza isimiso sokuziphatha esisekelwe ekuhlakanipheni komuntu kunaseBhayibhelini