‘Asizakhele Umuzi’
Ngumlobeli we-Phaphama! eJalimane
CISHE kungokuqinisekile ukuthi uhlala edolobheni (emzini) elithile. Ngokwezinye izilinganiso, cishe ingxenye yabantu abaphila emhlabeni ihlala khona. Enye incwadi ithi “ngokwezinga lamanje, ngonyaka ka-2000, amadolobha kuyodingeka ahlalise amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-75 enani labantu baseNingizimu Melika.” Futhi isitshela ukuthi phakathi naleyonkathi yesikhathi, isibalo sabantu abahlala emadolobheni ase-Afrika siyoba ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili.
Ngisho nakuba ungahlali edolobheni, cishe usebenza kwelinye lawo, uthenga khona, noma okungenani ngezikhathi ezithile ujabulela ukunethezeka okutholakala edolobheni. Amadolobha aye athonya wonke umuntu. Yeka ukuthi ukuphila kwethu bekuyoba okuhluke kanjani ngaphandle kwawo!
Umuzi Obizwa Ngokuthi U-Enoke
Ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha kuhlehlela emuva kakhulu. NgoKayini, umntwana wokuqala ngqá owazalwa, sifunda ukuthi “wakha umuzi, wawuqamba igama lokuthi uEnoke ngegama lendodana yakhe.” (Genesise 4:17) Ngokwakha lowomuzi (idolobha), ngokungangabazeki elalilincane uma kuqhathaniswa nawamanje, uKayini wazibekela isisekelo izizukulwane.
Isimo somuntu esingokwemvelo sokufuna ukuhlalisana nabanye siye sabangela ukuba abantu bafune ukuba ndawonye. Lokhu akubangelwanga nje ukufuna ubungane kodwa nokufuna ukuzizwa belondekile futhi bevikelekile, ikakhulukazi emakhulwini eminyaka adlule lapho ngokuvamile bekuhlaselwa imiphakathi. Nokho, lezi akuzona kuphela izici eziye zashukumisela abantu ukuba baqale ukwakha amadolobha.
I-World Book Encyclopedia ithi kunezici ezine eziyinhloko eziye zaba nengxenye ekwakhiweni kwamadolobha. Yilezi “(1) ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe [imishini esebenza ngesitimu, amandla kagesi, izindlela zokuxhumana], (2) isimo esihle sendawo ezungezile [ezinye izici yindawo elakhiwe kuyo, isimo sezulu, imifula futhi ngaleyondlela nokutholakala kwamanzi], (3) ukuhleleka komphakathi [igunya, uhulumeni], (4) nokukhula kwenani labantu.”
Amadolobha aye akwenza kwaba lula ukuhwebelana nokuhlanganiswa kwezisebenzi endaweni eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, emadolobheni amaningi sibona izindlu eziningi zentengo ephansi zezisebenzi nemindeni yazo. Namuhla, njengoba izithuthi zomphakathi nezabantu siqu zitholakala kalula, ibanga alikuvimbeli ukuqondiswa ngokuphumelelayo kwezentengiselwano nezombangazwe. Ngenxa yalesizathu, amadolobha athonya izifunda ezisemaphethelweni awo.
Futhi amanye amadolobha asendulo ayehlangene kakhulu nemisebenzi engokwenkolo. UGenesise 11:4 uthi: “Bathi [abantu ababephila ngemva nje kukaZamcolo wosuku lukaNowa]: Wozani, asakhe umuzi nombhoshongo osiqongo sawo sisezulwini [ozoba owokukhulekela okungokwenkolo], sizenzele igama, funa sihlakazeke ebusweni bomhlaba wonke.”
Izici ezingokwenhlalo, ezingokwenkolo, ezingokwezentengiselwano, nezokuma kwezwe kanye nezombangazwe ziye zahileleka ekwakhiweni kwamadolobha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amadolobha aye aba nethonya elinamandla emakhulwini eminyaka ekulolongeni umphakathi wanamuhla njengoba siwazi futhi aye asithonya sonke.
Ahlukile Kodwa Ayefana
I-New Encyclopædia Britannica iphawula ukuthi “izindawo zokuqala ezizinzile zokuhlala umuntu zitholakala ezigodini ezinothile ezisemaphethelweni ezindawo ezishisayo zemifula iNayile, iTigrisi, i-Ewufrathe, i-Indus, nomfula iYellow.” Yebo, amadolobha andulela awekhulu lama-20 ayehluke ngokuphelele kwawesimanje akhiwa ngasosebeni lomfula.
Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule iningi labantu lalihlala emaphandleni. Ngokwesibonelo, okuwukuphela kwedolobha elalilikhulu eNgilandi ngonyaka ka-1300, kwakuyiLondon, futhi inani layo labantu elalingaphansi kwezinkulungwane ezingu-40 lalingaphansi kakhulu kwephesenti elilodwa lengqikithi yenani labantu bakulelozwe. Ngo-1650 amaphesenti angaba ngu-7 awo wonke amaNgisi ayehlala eLondon. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, lelidolobha lase licishe libe nabantu abayisigidi. Namuhla, zingaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-9 izakhamuzi zaseBrithani ezihlala emaphandleni. Abanye banqwabelene emadolobheni, abanye abayizigidi eziyisikhombisa basedolobheni elikhulu eliyiGreater London kuphela.
Ukuze sibone izinga amadolobha aye akhula futhi achuma ngokushesha ngalo, ngo-1900, iLondon kwakuyilona lodwa idolobha emhlabeni wonke elalinenani labantu abayisigidi. Manje kunamadolobha angaphezu kuka-200 anezakhamuzi ezingaphezu kwesigidi. Izazi zesayensi yokuma kwezwe zikhuluma ngedolobhakazi elikhulu, amadolobha awuxhaxha anjengalawo atholakala esifundeni saseRuhr eJalimane, lapho indawo eseduze noMfula iRuhr, eqala eDuisburg iyophela eDortmund, yakha umphakathi owodwa owandayo.
Ngaphandle kokwehluka, amadolobha asendulo nawanamuhla anokuthile okufanayo—izinkinga. Futhi izinkinga azikaze zibe ziningi noma zibe zinkulu njengoba zinjalo namuhla. Amadolobha asenkathazweni engathi sína. Uma kunokuthile isintu ebesimelwe sikufundiswe ‘ukuzakhela [idolobha],’ okungenani bekufanele kusifundise ukuthi, ngaphansi kwezimo zokungapheleli futhi njengoba akhiwa abantu abanamaphutha, ukwakha amadolobha empeleni akuyona indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenelisa izidingo zethu.