Ukubuka Okwezwe
Iminyuziyamu Isengozini
Ingabe iminyuziyamu isengozini yokuqothulwa? E-Italy, izwe elinelinye lamafa ezobuciko amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, minyaka yonke kunyamalala izinto ezilingana nazo zonke izinto ezisemnyuziyamu ogcwele amagugu ezobuciko. “Umnyuziyamu ocebe kakhulu e-Italy yilowo ongenakuwubona,” kubika iphephandaba i-Messaggero. Ngo-1992 kuphela, kwebiwa izinto zobuciko ezingaba ngu-35 000, ezibiza ama-lire angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-200 (R406 million) eminyuziyamu, emasontweni, ezindaweni zomphakathi nezabantu ngabanye, nasemizini yabantu. Kwatholakala ezingu-1 971 kuphela. Ngokokulinganisela, phakathi kuka-1970 no-1992, kuye kwanyamalala izinto zobuciko ezingaba ngu-30 000 minyaka yonke—isimo sezwe esibucayi ngempela, kusho iziphathimandla. Yini eyenzeka kuwo wonke lamagugu ebiwe? Kubikwa ukuthi amaningi agcina ezindaweni zokucasha eziyimfihlo zabahwebi bezidakamizwa nabaholi bobugebengu obuhleliwe.
Ukuquleka Noma Ukufa?
Abalandeli bakaBalak Brahmachari, nakuba bezinikele kunkulunkulu wabo, abazange babonakale bedumele lapho odokotela bethi ufile, kubika i-India Today. Lezizikhonzi ezizinikele, ezibizwa ngokuthi amaSantan, zaphikelela ngokuthi odokotela benze iphutha nokuthi umholi wazo oneminyaka engu-73 ubudala wayemane nje “esekuqulekeni kokuzindla.” Zacela ukuba agcinwe egumbini lesibhedlela lababangwa nezibi. Lapho odokotela benqaba, lamaSantan abuyisela isidumbu kuyi-ashram, noma indlu yawo yokukhulekela, eduze naseCalcutta, futhi basibeka njengombukiso embhedeni weqhwa ekamelweni elipholile. Iziphathimandla zikamasipala zaphikelela ekutheni lesisidumbu sishiswe ukuze kuvinjelwe noma yiziphi izingozi ezingokwempilo, kodwa amaSantan alahla izicelo ezinjalo ngokuthi inkulumo-ze, ephikisa ngokuthi lesisidumbu sasingabonisi “zimpawu zokubola nakancane.” Kwadlula amasonto amaningi. Ekugcineni, iziphathimandla zaphoqeleka ukuba zithathe isinyathelo futhi zingcwabe lesisidumbu.
Umculo Nokubulala
Kungenzeka ukuthi umculo wafeza indima ebalulekile ekubulaweni kwabantu ababili muva nje eTexas, e-U.S.A. Kwesinye isenzakalo, umshayeli oneminyaka engu-19 wadubula wabulala iphoyisa elalimmisile ukuze limnikeze ithikithi. Ummeli walona osemusha wathi akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi lona osemusha wayelalele umculo we-rap onobudlova lapho edubula leliphoyisa kodwa futhi wathi ukuwulalela kwakhe isikhathi eside umculo onjalo ‘kwakumshukumisele’ ekubulaleni. Kubikwa ukuthi abahluleli bavuma ukuthi lomculo wawube nendima ebalulekile ezenzweni zalona osemusha. Kodwa ngokukamshushisi kulelicala, “abazange nakancane babe nomuzwa wokuthi umculo wawunciphisa ukuba [kwakhe] necala kulobubugebengu.” Lona osemusha wagwetshwa intambo. Endabeni efanayo, osemusha oneminyaka engu-15 owavuma ukuthi wadubula futhi wabulala unina wathi ingoma ethile yeqembu lomculo onesigqi esinamandla iMegadeth yayimnikeze iziyalezo ezivela kumademoni zokuba abulale.
Ukwelashwa Ngezinye Izindlela
bNjengoba befuna ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba iziguli zabo zithole ingculaza noma isifo sokusha kwesibindi, odokotela eBrazil bafuna ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngaphandle kokumpontshelwa igazi, kubika iphephandaba i-Estado de S. Paulo. Leliphepha labuye lachaza: “Odokotela baseBrazil kakade basebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokuhlinza koFakazi BakaJehova. Kwezinye izimo, besebenzisa i-erythropoietin—[i-hormone] ekhiqizwa yizinso—baye bakwazi ukukhuphula inani lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi lafinyelela ezingeni eliphakeme ngokwanele ukuze bagweme ukumpompela igazi ngemva kokuhlinzwa.” Ngakho, ngemva kokuhlinza oFakazi abangu-91, uDkt. Sergio A. de Oliveira wePortuguese Welfare Hospital, eSão Paulo, uthi: “Sithola ukuthi iziguli ezingoFakazi BakaJehova zingahlinzwa inhliziyo ngaphandle kwegazi noma imikhiqizo yegazi, kube nesilinganiso esikhulu sokuphepha.”
Umshwalense Wesonto Wamacala Okuxhashazwa
“ISonto LamaKatolika Lase-Australia liye lathatha umshwalense wezigidigidi zamaRandi ukuze lizivikele ekumangalelweni ngamacala okuxhaphaza ngokobulili enziwa abapristi,” kubika i-Sunday Telegraph yaseSydney, eNew South Wales. “Siyavuma ukuthi kuyenzeka,” kusho umbhishobhi ongumKatolika eMelbourne, e-Australia. Ugomela ngokuthi imali yomshwalense eningi kanjalo ilufanele “uhlobo olunjalo lwecala.” Ngokweqembu elithile elisekela izisulu, ukuxhaphaza ngokobulili okwenziwa abefundisi kusakazeke kakhulu ukwedlula ukuvuma kwesonto. Umkhulumeli waleliqembu wathi ukholelwa ukuthi isonto likhathalela kakhulu ukuvikela abefundisi kunokusiza izisulu. Wanezela ukuthi isigijimi “esisemaphepheni esonto omshwalense siwukuthi, ungakhulumi iqiniso.”
Indlela Yokuba Umpristi
“Intsha yaseJapane namuhla ibizwa ngokuthi ‘isizukulwane sencwadi’—ifunda ‘izincwadi ezichaza indlela yokwenza okuthile’ ngaphambi kokuba yenze noma yini. Manje nabapristi sebenjalo.” Libika kanjalo iphephandaba laseTokyo i-Daily Yomiuri. Ukuze ifundise abapristi banamuhla abasebasha imikhuba namasiko obupristi, i-Institute for Zen Studies yaseKyoto yayala ukuba kubhalwe incwadi echaza indlela yokuba umpristi. Nakuba abapristi basendulo bobuZen kwakumelwe bahlale bengashadile futhi babaziwa ngokuqeqeshwa kwabo okuqinile, abaningi namuhla bamane bamukele lomsebenzi njengefa elivela koyise noma omkhulu. Kodwa leliphephandaba lithi ngokuvamile obaba bayahluleka ukufundisa amadodana abo imikhuba efanele abapristi, futhi nayo lentsha imatasa kakhulu itadishela ukuhlolwa kwasekolishi ayikwazi ukufunda amasiko obuZen. Kubikwa ukuthi abanye banobunzima bokufunda ama-sutra, noma izinkulumo zikaBuddha.
Izinkinga Zenhliziyo Phakathi Kwabesifazane Base-Argentina
Izibalo zamuva nje zibonisa ukuthi inani labaphathwa isifo senhliziyo landa ngokushesha phakathi kwabesifazane bayo yonke iminyaka e-Argentina. Iphephandaba i-Clarín lanyathelisa imiphumela yokuhlola okuphathelene nalendaba okwenziwa yi-Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología (Argentine Society of Cardiology). Yahlola amagumbi abasesimweni esibucayi angu-82 neziguli ezingu-521 eziphethwe isifo senhliziyo kulo lonke lelizwe. Lombiko uthi inani labesifazane abalaliswa ezibhedlela zase-Argentina ngenxa yokuphathwa isifo senhliziyo landa ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-56 esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka. Futhi nakuba ngo-1991 iziguli zabesifazane ezinesifo senhliziyo zazingamaphesenti angu-25 kuphela, manje zimelela amaphesenti angaba ngu-40. Izici eziyingozi ezibangela isifo senhliziyo zihlanganisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukukhuluphala, amafutha amaningi ngokweqile egazini, ukuluthwa utshwala, nokusebenzisa ugwayi. Nokho, lokhu kuhlola akuzange kuhlobane ngokuqondile nobudala nokufa kweziguli eziphethwe isifo senhliziyo.
Ukuphazamiseka Kwengqondo Nemizwelo Emzini Wezindela?
Imizi yezindela nezindelakazi ngokuvamile icatshangelwa njengezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokuzindla. Nokho, uBruno Giordani, umfundisi ofundisa isayensi yokusebenza kwengqondo eYunivesithi iPontificial Lateran eRome, uye waveza “ukuhlaziywa okukhathazayo” kwemizi yezindela nezindelakazi, kubika iphephandaba lase-Italy i-Corriere della Sera. Ngokombiko wakhe, “izindelakazi eziningi zibonakala ziyizisulu zezifo eziningi ezingathi sína zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.” Ubala izici “zendelakazi ephazamiseke ngokwengqondo nangokomzwelo,” leyo “ngokuvamile ehlushwa imizwa yecala ebangelwa yisifo noma uma kungenjalo ukuntuleka ngokuphelele kokuziphatha okuhle.” Ezinye zikhathazwa “ukuhlala zizodwa, ukungaqondwa, nokuziphatha kokuzanelisa ngokobulili komuntu siqu,” kuqinisa uGiordani. Khona-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi umkhandlu olandelayo womhlaba wonke wababhishobhi bamaKatolika, ozoba ngo-1994, uyosingatha izinkinga ezithile abefundisi ababhekana nazo.
Izimpi Zisaqhubeka
Nakuba izindleko zempi emhlabeni wonke zincishiswa, inani lezimpi eziqhubekayo alinciphi. “I-Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) eSweden yabika izimpi ezingu-30 ezingathi sína ezalwiwa ngezikhali ngonyaka odlule [ka-1992],” kubika iphephandaba laseJalimane i-Nassauische Neue Presse. Ngokwalenhlangano, leli kwakuyinani elifanayo nelango-1991. Ngisho nakuba ukulwa kwanqamuka kwezinye izindawo ezinodweshu, “iBosnia yabhekana nokuqala kwempi echitha igazi kunazo zonke, okwafa kuyo abantu abangaphezu kuka-100 000 ekupheleni konyaka.” I-SIPRI ibikezela ukuthi “inani lezingxabano ezikhula zibe nobudlova liyokwehla kancane kakhulu.”
Umgwaqo Owethiwe Ngomfel’ Ukholo OnguFakazi
Lapho kwakufanele kwethiwe umgwaqo omusha edolobhaneni laseJalimane iBaltmannsweiler, uMkhandlu-Dolobha wakhetha igama elithi Bernhard Grimm. Kungani? Iphephandaba i-Esslinger Zeitung liyabika: “UGrimm, owazalwa ngo-1923, wayehlala ku-30 Reichenbacher Street. NjengoFakazi KaJehova okholwayo, wenqaba ukwenza inkonzo yezempi lapho ebhaliswa. Waboshwa ngokushesha futhi wayiswa eBerlin. Inkantolo yezempi yamgweba intambo ngenxa ‘yokonakalisa impi.’ Ngo-August 21, 1942, kwakhishwa isigwebo sokufa kulona osemusha oneminyaka engu-19 ubudala eBerlin-Plötzensee.” Ngenxa yokuthi yiminyaka engaphezu nje kwengu-50 selokhu lensizwa yafel’ ukholo, umqondisi womkhandlu-dolobha ucabange ukuthi yisikhathi esifanele sokwetha umgwaqo ngayo.
Inkinga Yokufunda?
“Omagazini namaphephandaba afundwa abantu abambalwa,” kusho i-Gazeta Mercantil. Leliphephandaba laseBrazil libika ukuthi izihambeli eBerlin, eJalimane, ezazikhona emhlanganweni wama-46 we-International Federation of Newspaper Editors zazikhathazekile ngokwanda ‘kokuntuleka kwesithakazelo ekufundeni ukwaziswa okubhaliwe nokukhethwa kwemithombo yezindaba elalelwayo nebukwayo.’ Ngokombono kamongameli we-Inter-American Society of the Press, u-Alejandro Junco de la Vega, abaningi “abakuqapheli ukubaluleka kwamazwi alotshiwe . . . Abaningi basacabanga ukuthi ithelevishini ifaneleka kakhulu.” UHorácio Aguirre, umqondisi wephephandaba i-Americas eMiami, uveza umbono ababhali bamaphephandaba abaningi okungangabazeki ukuthi banawo, ukuthi iphephandaba “linikeza umbono ocace ngokwengeziwe walokho okwenzekayo ezweni.”