Ukubuka Okwezwe

Ithemba Ngabanamalimi

Umama othile wase-Australia owayehlushwa amalimi lapho eseyingane wakhungatheka lapho ezwa izingane zakhe siqu ziqala ukuba namalimi zisencane. Ngakho wahileleka esimisweni esasungulwa ngokubambisana abelaphi bamalimi basesibhedlela esithile saseSydney naseSydney University eNew South Wales. Cishe impumelelo ilethwa ukwelapha izingane lapho zisencane ngangokunokwenzeka. Abazali abaningi bayalibala ukusingatha lenkinga benombono oyiphutha wokuthi ingane iyowuyeka lomkhuba njengoba ikhula. Njengoba kwabikwa kuyi-Sydney Morning Herald, lesisimiso “siye saphumelela kakhulu futhi sinikeza ithemba lokuqala lokuthi ukuba namalimi kungase kwelashwe ngokuphelele.” Iphawula ukuthi kuthatha abelaphi amahora ayishumi kuphela ukwelapha izingane ezincane, kodwa kudingeka amakhulu amahora ukwelapha abantu abadala nezingane esezikhulile, ngaphezu kwamahora achithwa abazali ekhaya. Leliphepha lathi: “Phakathi kwezingane ezingu-43 ezelashwa eziphakathi kweminyaka emibili nemihlanu, lokhu kuhlola okuqhubekayo kwathola ukuthi azikho ezaphinde zahlushwa yilokhu lapho zilandelelwa phakathi nonyaka owodwa neyisithupha ngemva kokwelashwa.”

“Ibhizinisi” Lokuvakasha Okungokwenkolo

“Ukuvakasha okungokwenkolo kuyanda kokubili e-Italy nakulo [lonke] izwe,” kubhala i-Repubblica. Ochwepheshe balinganisela ukuthi, lapho kubalwa, u-1994 “uyowedlula wonke amarekhodi angaphambili,” njengoba kwakunezivakashi eziyizigidi ezingu-35 kuya kwezingu-37 ezakhiweni zenkolo zamaKatolika e-Italy kuphela. Leliphephandaba lithi ukuphumelela kwe-Italy kubangelwa ‘amasonto ayo angu-30 000 okuthiwa akhiwe ngobuciko, izindawo ezingcwele ezingu-1 500, amamnyuziyamu ezifunda zababhishobhi angu-700, inqwaba yezindlu zezindela nezezindelakazi.’ Leliphepha linezela ukuthi lokhu kuvakasha okungokwenkolo “kuyibhizinisi” elingenisa ama-lire angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4 000 (amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9), “kodwa nakwamanye amazwe, ukuvakasha okungokwenkolo kuphumelela ngendlela emangalisayo.”

Kuyanda Ukuphazamiseka Kwemikhuba Yokudla

Kungani landa inani lalabo abanokuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla i-bulimia ne-anorexia? Ngenxa yokudungeka ngokomzwelo okubangela ukukhathazeka okujulile ezweni elibonakala “lisabisa futhi lingalawuleki,” kubika umagazini i-Your Family. Izimbangela zokukhathazeka kwabo ziyinkimbinkimbi, njengokucindezelwa abazali ukuba bafinyelele okuthile, ukuhlukanisa kwabazali, nokuxhashazwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uDkt. Danie le Grange, ilungu le-National Eating Disorders Committee, uchaza ukuthi abaningi baba yizisulu zalokhu kuphazamiseka ngokufunda kakhulu omagazini bemfashini nokutadisha izindlela zokudla ngomzamo ongalawuleki wokunciphisa umzimba noma ngokuhlakulela imikhuba yokudla emibi kakhulu. Abesifazane abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-18 no-22 yibona abasengozini enkulu, nakuba iziguli ezineminyaka engu-8 ubudala ziye zafuna usizo lobuchwepheshe. Izisulu zingelashwa ngokuphumelelayo kuphela uma zifuna, kusho uDkt. le Grange, ephawula ukuthi “ukululama ngokuphelele kungenzeka.” Nokho, izibalo zibonisa ukuthi amaphesenti angaba ngu-18 alabo ababa yizisulu zokuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla ayafa.

Abantu BaseDelhi Abadukayo

Kubikwa ukuthi unyaka ngamunye kuduka abantu abangaphezu kuka-10 000 eDelhi, eyinhloko-dolobha yaseNdiya. Phakathi kwalaba, ingxenye yesithathu kuphela efunwayo. Amaphesenti angu-50 yizingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18, futhi abesilisa badlula abesifazane ngababili koyedwa. Njengoba kwabikwa kuyi-Times of India, izinkulungwane zamantombazane asemancane ziphelela ezikhungweni zezifebe. Abafanyana baphoqelelwa amaqembu ezigebengu ukuba banxibe noma basetshenziswa amahora amaningi bekhokhelwa imali encane ezindaweni zokudla ezincane.

OFakazi BakaJehova ECuba

OFakazi BakaJehova eCuba baye bajabulela inkululeko eyengeziwe yokufeza inkonzo yabo, eye yabavumela ukuba bahlanganyele nabantu izindaba ezinhle zoMbuso kaNkulunkulu. Nakuba umsebenzi ungakaqashelwa ngokomthetho, baye bavunyelwa ukuba basebenzise indawo eyayingamahhovisi abo futhi baye bahlangana ndawonye ngenkululeko ngenjongo yokukhulekela—kangangokuba baye baqhuba imihlangano emincane. Baye bagunyazwa ukuba banyathelise omagazini. Begcwele injabulo nentshiseko ngenxa yalezizenzakalo zamuva, laboFakazi bayaqhubeka nomsebenzi wabo wokushumayela, bezikhandla ekudluliseni isigijimi seBhayibheli sethemba.

I-Antarctica—Yake Yafudumala Futhi Yaba Nohlaza

Iqembu lososayensi base-Australia nabaseMelika lithole izinsalela “zamacembe, ukhuni nempova kanye nobulembu namaqanda ezinambuzane . . . kumakhilomitha angu-500 kuphela ukusuka eSouth Pole, okubonisa isimo sezulu esifudumele ngo-20-25C kunanamuhla,” kubika iphephandaba i-Australian. Ukutholakala kwamaqanda enkumabulongwe kwaqinisekisa ukuthi isimo sezulu sasifudumele ngokwanele ukuba kuchume izinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumelwe ukuba amanzi ayengabi iqhwa, futhi intwasahlobo yayithatha isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuba izitshalo ziqhakaze futhi zithele imbewu. Lombiko wanezela ukuthi phakathi nalesosikhathi esifanayo, kwakunezitshalo ezazikhula eTasmania (isiqhingi sase-Australia esiseningizimu yezwekazi) namuhla ezikhula eningizimu maphakathi neNew South Wales, amakhilomitha angaba ngu-1 600 ngasenyakatho—okunikeza ubufakazi ngandlela-thile bokuthi kwake kwachuma isimo sezulu esithokomele kulendawo.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwe-radial Keratotomy

I-radial keratotomy, inqubo yokuhlinza edumile yokulungisa i-myopia (ukuhluleka ukubona kude) yenziwa kubantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yesine yesigidi e-United States unyaka ngamunye. Kudingeka ukuhlinza kwesibili kokuphelelisa okokuqala ezigulini ezingaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-30. Manje, ukuhlola kweminyaka eyishumi okuxhaswe i-National Eye Institute kuye kwathola “ukuthi lenqubo ilondekile futhi iyaphumelela kodwa ingase ibangele ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo kwekhono lokubona izinto eziseduze,” kubika i-New York Times. Ukuhlolwa okunzulu kwemiphumela yalokhu kuhlinza kuye kwembula umphumela owawungaziwa ngaphambili: izinguquko ezenzeka kancane kancane esweni ezibangela ukuthi ukubona eduze kube lufifi kakhulu. Lokhu kwehla kwekhono lokubona kwaqashelwa kumaphesenti angu-43 alabo abahlinzwa ngalendlela. Nakuba okunye kwalokhu kungase kubangelwe ukuguga okuvamile, lesisihloko sathi okunye “kwakubonakala kubangelwa inqubo ye-radial keratotomy, ebonakala ibangela lolushintsho kubantu abathile besebancane.” UDkt. Peter J. McDonnell, iphini likasihlalo walokhu kuhlola, wathi: “Abantu kufanele baqaphele ukuthi kusenezinto ezingakaxazululwa. Akukho siqinisekiso sokubona ngokuphelele.”

Impumuzo Kwabangezwani Nezinto Ezithile

Ngokwe-World Health Organization, amaphesenti angu-20 abantu abasemhlabeni awazwani nezinto ezithile, kubika umagazini waseBrazil i-Globo Ciência. “Bonke ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi ukungezwani nezinto ezithile kuyisifo sempucuko,” kusho isazi sesayensi yokuzivikela komzimba ezifweni uJúlio Croce. “Emoyeni kunezinto ezilimazayo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi.” Ngaphezu kwezimbangela ezivamile, njengezibungwana nokungcola, kunokucindezeleka, ukusebenzisa imithi ngokweqile, nemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali esetshenziswa ekudleni, ezimonyweni, nasophuzweni. Ngisho nokuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile kungabangela noma kubhebhethekise isifuba somoya. Nokho, uma abantu befunda ukuphefumula ngendlela efanele, ‘ukuvivinya umzimba kunganciphisa izinga lokungezwani nezinto ezithile nokuvama kwakho,’ kusho uDkt. Croce. Abantu abangezwani nezinto ezithile kufanele bagcine amakamelo abo ehlanzekile futhi eshaya umoya futhi bagweme ukuthintana nezilwane zasekhaya, njengezinja, amakati, noma izinyoni, kanye namakha neminye imikhiqizo enephunga elinamandla. Kufanele bagweme nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa ngokungazelele, ukubhema, nophuzo oludakayo futhi kufanele baphuze kuphela imithi egunyaziwe.

Ukuqonda Ulimi Olungaqondakali Lwezikhulu Zikahulumeni EJapane

ETokyo, lapho izikhulu zikahulumeni zithi, “Umbono wakho uyiseluleko esihle” noma, “Siyosabela ngokuhlakanipha ekusikiseleni kwakho,” kusho ukuthi cishe asikho isinyathelo esiyothathwa. Ngokufanayo, izithembiso “ezizocatshangelwa kabanzi” noma “ezizocatshangelwa ngokwemibono eminingi” nazo zingase zingavezi miphumela. Ukuthi “Sizokuhlola okuhlongozayo” ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi akukho okuyoshintsha esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Izithembiso “ezizocatshangelwa” cishe ziyathembisa “kunezizohlolwa,” kanti ukuthi “kuzocatshangisiswa” kusho ukuthi umbono ungase ngisho usetshenziswe. Sawachaza kanjalo isikhulu esithile sikahulumeni amazwi avame ukusetshenziswa emihlanganweni yomkhandlu waseTokyo City, kusho i-Daily Yomiuri, iphendula ukukhononda kwezakhamuzi ngokuthi “aziqondi ukuthi uhulumeni uyakusekela noma umelene nakho yini” ukuhlongoza okulethwayo. Leliphephandaba lithi isizathu salolulimi olungaqondakali siwukuthi “izikhulu zikahulumeni ziyacophelela ukuba zingawatheli ngehlazo amalungu omkhandlu ngokukwenqaba ngokuqondile ukusikisela kwawo.”

Imithi Emfucumfucwini

Ngokwenkampani ethile yomshuwalense wezempilo yaseJalimane, inani lemithi ethengiswayo noma egunyaziwe eJalimane liphakeme kangangokuba indoda ngayinye, owesifazane, nengane ngayinye bangaphuza amaphilisi angu-1 250 ngosuku. Abantu benzani ngayo yonke lemikhiqizo? I-Süddeutsche Zeitung ibika ukuthi inani elikhulu alisetshenziswa, kodwa limane lilahlwe. “Asinakukuvumela ukulahlwa kwemithi edla izigidigidi minyaka yonke,” kukhononda umphathi wenhlangano ethile yezinkampani zomshuwalense wezempilo. Ziye zanxusa ukuba odokotela nemboni yezokuthakwa kwemithi banikeze iziguli ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe ngemithi eziyamukelayo futhi benze kanjalo “ngesiJalimane esiqondakalayo.”