Ukubuka Okwezwe

Ukukhathazeka Okwengeziwe Ngegazi

Abacwaningi bezokwelapha base-Australia bakhathazekile ngokuthi kungenzeka igciwane eliyingozi kakhulu liye langena egazini elinikelwe kulelizwe. Igciwane le-human T-lymphotropic (HTLV-1) “lingumzala” wegciwane lengculaza futhi lingabangela uhlobo olungavamile lwe-leukemia nezifo zesimiso sezinzwa. Livamile eJapane, ePapua New Guinea, eSolomon Islands, nase-Australia (phakathi kwabantu bakhona bomdabu). Ngokwemibiko, kunamadoda amabili ase-Australia asefile kakade ngenxa ye-leukemia ehlobene naleligciwane, futhi ingxenye yesithathu kuthiwa inezinzwa eziphazamisekile. I-HTLV-1 isakazeka ngendlela efanayo nengculaza, okungukuthi ngobuhlobo bobulili, ukusetshenziswa kwemijovo yezidakamizwa, ukuncelisa, ukumpompela igazi, nokubeletha. Umqondisi we-Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service yaseNew South Wales uthi lezizici “ngokusobala zikhona” ekudluliselweni kwaleligciwane ngokumpompela igazi, ngokusho kwe-Courier Mail, iphephandaba laseBrisbane. Leligciwane liye latholakala okungenani kubantu abayisithupha abanikela ngegazi e-Australia.

Izilonda Zangaphakathi Nokubhema

“Ngokokwaziswa okuvela kuyi-World Health Organization, cishe amaphesenti ayishumi abantu abaphila emhlabeni ake aba nesilonda sangaphakathi, anaso, noma azoba naso”, kusho isazi sezifo zesisu namathumbu uDkt. Thomas Szego waseSibhedlela sase-Albert Einstein eSão Paulo, kubika i-Jornal da Tarde. Nakuba i-gastritis (ukugugudeka kwesisu) ingase ibangele izilonda zangaphakathi, “i-gastritis esezingeni eliphansi iyingxenye yenqubo evamile yokuguga yesisu,” kuqhubeka lokhu kulandisa. Nakuba kunjalo, izinto ezinjengokucindezeleka okuhlala isikhathi eside, ukuzila ukudla, nokusebenzisa kabi utshwala noma imithi kungase kusilimaze isisu. Nokho, uDkt. Szego uyaxwayisa: “Uma bekungadingeka ngikhethe isici esisodwa esiyingozi kakhulu esiswini, bengiyokhetha ugwayi. Uyingozi kakhulu olwelwesini lwesisu.” Uyanezela: “Umuntu obhemayo ugwinya izinsalela zikagwayi kanye namathe, okwandisa ukukhishwa kwe-acid futhi kunciphise ikhono lesisu lokuzivikela.”

Izimpisi Ziyabuya Futhi

Impisi empunga isibuyile eFrance ngemva kokunyamalala iminyaka engu-50, kusho umagazini waseFrance i-Terre Sauvage. Nakuba lezimpisi zake zachuma lapho nakulo lonke elaseYurophu, zacishe zaqedwa ngokuphelele eNtshonalanga Yurophu ngokuzingela, ukubulawa ngoshevu, nokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala. Njengoba wawuvikelwe e-Italy kusukela ngo-1977, umphakathi omncane wezimpisi waqhubeka uphila ezintabeni zase-Apennine e-Italy. Ngemva kokwakhiwa kweMercantour National Park ngo-1989 eningizimu-mpumalanga yeFrance kanye nokugcwala kwemihlambi yakhona yama-chamois, izimvu zasendle, nezinyamazane, kubonakala sengathi izimpisi seziyaphinda ziyabuya eFrance zivela ngaphesheya komngcele wase-Italy zifuna izisulu zazo ezingokwemvelo nendawo enkudlwana. Nakuba izimpisi ziye zavikelwa ngokomthetho eFrance kusukela ngo-1989, isazi sezinto eziphilayo sase-Italy uLuigi Boitani siyaphawula: ‘Ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke ngezimpisi ukuzesaba komuntu okukhulu kakhulu.’

Amandla Angabizi

Amandla kagandaganda aye ashintsha ezolimo. Futhi, yiqiniso ukuthi aye acebisa izimboni zezimoto nezikawoyela. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezilwane ezidonsa imithwalo kusathandwa. Umagazini i-Farmer’s Weekly ubika ngenye yezindawo ezikhiqiza amawolintshi ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni, eduze nedolobhana laseNingizimu Afrika iPotgietersrust, ezikhulisela iminyuzi yayo yokuthutha izimpahla. Izilwane ezidonsa imithwalo azidingi ulwazi olukhethekile lokuzinakekela, futhi azidingi ukuthengwa kwezinsimbi zokulungisa ezibizayo nophethiloli. “Zingondliwa ngezitshalo ezisele futhi ziklabiswe endaweni etholakalayo,” kuchaza i-Farmer’s Weekly. Lomagazini uphetha ngokuthi amandla ezilwane kufanele “asetshenziswe kakhulu emisebenzini emikhulu yobunjiniyela, ukwakha izindlu nokwakha noma ukunakekela imigwaqo ezindaweni zasemaphandleni ase-Afrika kunangendlela asetshenziswa ngayo manje.”

Ama-Ferrari Omgunyathi

Imali yamaphepha, amasheke, amakhasethi, izikhwama namabhogadi abaklami abaphambili kuziyizinto ezivamile uma zenziwa abaklami abanekhono bezinto zomgunyathi. Kodwa muva nje amaphoyisa ase-Italy athole ngisho nebhizinisi elisebenza ngokwenza imoto yomgunyathi, i-Ferrari kanokusho. Besebenzisa izinsimbi zokulungisa, imidwebo, namapulani angokoqobo, abakhandi bezimoto abake basebenzela abenzi balemoto edumile babenza imikhiqizo “ephelele” yezimoto ezenziwa ngawo-1950 nawo-1960 bese beyithengisela abaqongeleli njengeyeqiniso. Uma kucatshangelwa intengo yokuthengiswa kwezimoto zikanokusho emhlabeni wonke, lokhu ‘kwakuyicebo lokukhwabanisa lezigidigidi [zamaRandi],’ kubika i-Repubblica.

Izigidi Zezingane Ezingenawo Amakhaya

“Emhlabeni kabanzi izingane ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyikhulu azinawo amakhaya, futhi okungenani ingxenye yazo isebenzisa izidakamizwa,” kubika i-World Health Organization. Ukuhlolwa kwamadolobha amakhulu, njengeRio de Janeiro, iManila, iLusaka, iMontreal, neToronto, akubonisanga mehluko phakathi kwawo ekusebenziseni kabi izidakamizwa kwezingane ezingenawo amakhaya. Ngokomxhumanisi walokhu kucwaninga, isazi sesayensi yezomnotho uHans Emblad, “kubonakala sengathi ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa yikhona okunquma inani labantu abasebenzisa izidakamizwa.” Nokho, uyaqhubeka, “iziphathimandla, njengezinhlangano zezenhlalo eziningi ezisebenza ngezingane ezingenawo amakhaya, zithambekele ekuyishayeni indiva ngokuphelele inkinga yezidakamizwa.” Nakuba abanye “bezama ukuzixosha lezingane,” ngokuka-Emblad, “inkinga iwukuthi azinayo indawo ezingaya kuyo.” Umbiko ovele kuyi-Estado de S. Paulo unezela ngokuthi izingane ezingenawo amakhaya “ziyafuna ukuqhubeka ziphila.”

Imvakazi Ende Kunazo Zonke

Kwadingeka izimpelesi ezingaba yikhulu ukubamba imvakazi yomshado ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni; umbhangqwana osemusha ovela eNaples, e-Italy, “wawulandelwa” indwangu emhlophe engamamitha angu-305 lapho uyoshada phambi kweqembu lezibukeli ezinelukuluku. Umklami owenza lengubo yomshado kwase kuyisikhathi eside efuna ukubona lemvakazi eqopha umlando, kodwa kuze kube manje wayengakwazi ukuthola umakoti owayezimisele ukuyembatha. Khona-ke wahlangana nalomakoti waseNaples, futhi “iphupho lagcwaliseka,” kusho lomklami ojabulile. Liyini irekhodi langaphambili? Imvakazi eyambathwa umakoti othile waseFrance, eyayingamamitha angu-278 ubude.

Ukuvinjelwa Kwengculaza

“Kunamagebe asobala phakathi koMnyango Wezemfundo, othisha, nabazali ngendlela yokusingatha imfundo yengculaza,” kubika iphephandaba laseJapane i-Mainichi Shimbun. Lempikiswano ibangelwa ipheshana lokuqala lalomnyango elikhuluma ngemfundo yengculaza elenzelwe abafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme, elinesihloko esithi: AIDS—For Accurate Understanding. Lelipheshana lathi: “Ukungenwa yigciwane [lengculaza] kungavinjelwa uma ama-condom esetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.” Lomnyango wamukela izincwadi nezingcingo eziningi eziphathelene nalelipheshana, amaphesenti angu-90 azo ayegxeka. Abanye abagxeki bagcizelela ukuthi “kufanele kufundiswe ukuziphatha okufanele ngokobulili kunokusetshenziswa kwama-condom.” Iphephandaba elabhalwa yinkampani yezentengiselwano ukuze lichonywe emabhodini ezikole ezaziso lakhuluma ngokuvinjelwa kwengculaza futhi labatshazwa ngokunconywa. Lagcizelela ukuhlala umsulwa.

Ubufakazi Bukapholi

Upholi waba ufakazi oyinhloko enkantolo esifundazweni saseningizimu yaseNdiya iKerala. I-Indian Express yabika ngecala lasenkantolo phakathi komakhelwane ababephikisana ngokuthi ubani ongumnikazi walopholi. Ukuze axazulule lempikiswano, umahluleli wayala ukuba lopholi ulethwe enkantolo futhi ube ufakazi. Kwanikezwa ubufakazi obubalulekile lapho lopholi onokubambisana uwaphindaphinda ngokushesha amagama ezingane zomkhaya owawubike ngaphambili ukuthi lopholi ulahlekile. Ngenxa yalopholi onokwethembeka, umahluleli wakhipha isinqumo esisekela lomkhaya.

Imidlalo Yokujahana Ngezibhamu Ze-laser

“Inhloso yalomdlalo iwukudubula futhi wena ngokwakho ugweme ukudutshulwa izikhathi eziningi ngokweqile,” kubika i-Globe and Mail yaseToronto, eCanada. Umdlalo ovamile wokujahana sewenziwa ngobuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngemva kwemizuzu eyishumi yokudubula abanye ngemisebe yokukhanya enkundleni yempi yesimanje, engathandeki, egcwele inkungu “nenomculo okhalela phezulu,” omunye umdlali owayenengxenye wawuchaza ngokuthi “uqeda ukucindezeleka.” Amakhulu ezikhungo ezinjalo zokuzijabulisa ayachuma eNyakatho Melika, eNgilandi, eYurophu, e-Australia, nase-Israel. Kunokukhathazeka okwandayo kokuthi ukuzilibazisa okunjalo kukhuthaza ubudlova. Uprofesa wezenhlalo eYunivesithi yaseCalgary uRobert Stebbins wathi kuyi-Globe: “Kunomngcele ongacacile phakathi kwemidlalo yempi ebhekwa njengeyinkinga naleyo ebhekwa njengeyamukelekayo, njenge-chess enemibhoshongo namabutho ayo. Injongo inobudlova.” Omunye umdlali osemusha wathi: “Kubonakala kuyinqaba ukuthuthukisa umdlalo ohlobene nempi ngenxa yenjabulo. . . . Lapho ucabanga ngesigijimi lokhu okusinikezayo, kubonakala kungalungile.”

Impi Ethunqayo

Ngenxa yempi, ukudla nezinye izinto ezibalulekile kwaba yivelakancane eBosnia naseHerzegovina. Kodwa edolobheni laseSarajevo, ngisho nangemva kwezinyanga eziningana zokuvinjezelwa, ifekthri eyenza ugwayi yakwazi ukugcina umkhiqizo wayo uphakeme. Ngokwe-New York Times, kulelozwe elikhungethwe yimpi, abaningi bakhononda kakhulu ngokuntuleka kukagwayi kunokuntuleka kokudla, amanzi, noma izikhali. Abantu bebezimisele ukukhokha imali ephakathi kuka-$5 (R17) no-$50 (R170) ukuze bathole iphakethe likagwayi. I-Times yaphawula ukuthi noma ubani owasikisela noma “wazama ukumisa ukuvinjelwa kokubhema ezindaweni zokudlela, emahhovisi nakunoma iyiphi enye indawo ngokuqinisekile wayengazithola ebhekene nesibhamu.”