Ukubuka Okwezwe

Abefundisi Abangongqingili

Sekuyiminyaka eminingi isigungu sabefundisi base-Evangelical Lutheran Church yaseHannover, eJalimane, sivumela ongqingili ukuba babe abefundisi uma nje engekho umuntu ongungqingili abahlanganyela naye ubulili. Kodwa ngokwencwadi i-Week in Germany, ukuyekiswa kukangqingili oshisekayo ukuba umabhalane eminyakeni emithathu edlule kuye kwabangela impikiswano enkulu. Ngokwe-Week, muva nje izikhulu zaseHannover zigunyaze isiphakamiso esithi “abefundisi nabangane babo ‘abangongqingili’ bangakufanelekela ukuqashwa kulelisonto, kuhlanganise nokuba abefundisi.”

Izingozi Ngegazi Elinengculaza

Muva nje i-Health and Welfare Ministry yaseJapane icele izibhedlela ukuba zilethe imibiko ngokwanda kwezingozi zegazi eline-HIV ezihilela izisebenzi zezokwelapha. Ngokuyinhloko isithakazelo sasisezingozini ezenzeke phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule. Ngokwe-Daily Yomiuri, izibhedlela ezasabela ezingu-276 zabika ukuthi “ingqikithi yezingozi zokuhlatshwa inalithi yayingu-12 914, nezenzakalo ezingu-2 997 zokuthintana negazi ngengozi.” Kulezi, izenzakalo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zazihilela igazi eline-HIV. Kuze kube manje zonke izisulu zalezingozi ziye zatholakala zingenayo i-HIV, igciwane elibangela ingculaza.

Umdlavuza—Ibhomu Eliyingozi

Ukuhlola okuthile e-Australia okwenziwa i-Skin and Cancer Foundation kwembula ukuthi manje umdlavuza wesikhumba uwuhlobo lomdlavuza owande kakhulu kulelozwe. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi unyaka ngamunye e-Australia kufa abangaba ngu-1 000 ngenxa yomdlavuza wesikhumba. Ngokwe-Daily Telegraph Mirror yaseSydney, e-Australia, lokhu kuhlola kuthi “isimo sengqondo sabantu abaningi base-Australia sokungabi nandaba ngokuzivikela elangeni esikhathini esidlule siye sabangela ibhomu lomdlavuza eliyingozi.” Iningi lezisulu zanamuhla abantu ababethamela ilanga besebasha eminyakeni yawo-60, 70, nawo-80.

Usizo Kwabaqwashayo

Abacwaningi baseHarvard Medical School baye bahlanganisa uhlu lokusikisela ukuze kusizwe abantu abanenkinga yokuqwasha engathi sína. Ngokwe-Harvard Mental Health Letter, iqembu leziguli elalizumeka ngemva kwemizuzu engaba ngu-80 laba nentuthuko ephawulekayo. Ngemva kokuzama lokhu kwelashwa amasonto amaningana, lencwadi iphawula ukuthi “kwazithatha isilinganiso semizuzu eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye kuphela ukuba zizumeke (ukwehla ngo-75%).” Izindlela ezatuswa zihlanganisa lokhu: Gwema ukulala amahora angaphezu kwayisikhombisa; gwema ukulala ihora elilodwa elengeziwe ngaphezu kwesikhathi osijwayele; vuka ngesikhathi esisodwa zonke izinsuku, kuhlanganise nangezimpelasonto; lala kuphela lapho wozela; futhi uma ungazumeki ngemva kwemizuzu engu-20 usezingutsheni, vuka wenze okuthile okuzokuphumuza kuze kube yilapho wozela futhi.

Amaparele Enkanyezi Enomsila

Iqoqo lezimvuthuluka zenkanyezi enomsila ezingaphezu kuka-20, ezibonakala ezithombeni zesibonakude njengomgexo wamaparele, zingase zishayisane neplanethi iJupiter, kubika i-Washington Post. Lezimvuthuluka zenkanyezi enomsila, ezinye ezingase zibe amakhilomitha angaba mathathu ububanzi, njengeqembu zaziwa ngokuthi i-Shoemaker-Levy 9, okuyigama lalabo abazithola. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lomgexo wenkanyezi enomsila wakheka lapho inkanyezi enomsila eyodwa iqheshulwa amandla adonsela phansi ngesikhathi idlula ngakuJupiter muva nje. Ukushayisana kwalezimvuthuluka zalenkanyezi enomsila, isenzakalo esingajwayelekile kubantu abayizibukeli, kuyokwenzeka ezinsukwini eziningana ngasekupheleni kuka-July 1994. Nakuba lokhu kushayisana kuyokwenzeka ngasohlangothini olungemva kweJupiter, ukukhazimula okuwumphumela kungase kukhanyise izinyanga zeJupiter futhi kungase kubonakale eMhlabeni ngezibonakude.

Ubudlova Kwabesifazane

Ukuhlola okuthile kwamuva nje kwembula ukuthi abesifazane baseCanada abaneminyaka engu-16 noma ngaphezulu abangamaphesenti angu-51 baye baba izisulu zobudlova babesilisa okungenani kanye ebudaleni babo, ngokwe-Globe and Mail. Lokho kuhlanganisa abesifazane abangaphezu kwezigidi ezinhlanu. Leliphephandaba laseCanada labika ukuthi cishe ingxenye yabesifazane okwaxoxwa nayo yathi yayihlaselwe “amasoka, abayeni, abangane, amalungu omkhaya noma amanye amadoda ejwayelene nawo.” Amaphesenti ayishumi abesifazane abahlolwa aba izisulu onyakeni odlule kuphela, futhi ukuhlaselwa okukodwa kokuhlanu kwakukubi ngokwanele ukubangela ukulimala ngokomzimba. Abesifazane abaningi babika ukuthi baye basunduzwa, bagxavulwa, bahlohlolozwa, bamukulwa, bakhahlelwa, balunywa, noma bashaywa abayeni babo noma omasihlalisane besilisa.

Izitshalo Eziningi Zishaywa Indiva

“Izinhlobo zezitshalo eziyizinkulungwane eziningana bezilokhu zisetshenziswa njengokudla emlandweni wesintu, kodwa manje cishe zingu-150 kuphela ezitshalwayo futhi ezingengaphezu kwezintathu zinikeza ama-calorie namaprotheni angamaphesenti angaba ngu-60 atholakala ezitshalweni,” kusho i-UN Food and Agriculture Organization. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa ukuhlola kwezolimo emhlabeni wonke. Abantu banamathela ekudleni kwabo abakujwayele—irayisi, ummbila, nokolweni—bezishaya indiva ezinye izitshalo zemvelo eziningi ezinomsoco.

Abanamandla Ekuphileni Kwabo

Naphezu kwezinguquko zamuva nje ezisekela imibuso yentando yeningi, amaphesenti angu-90 enani labantu basemhlabeni namuhla awanazwi ezicini ezithinta ukuphila kwawo. Leso isiphetho se-Human Development Report 1993, eyakhishwa i-UN Development Program (UNDP). Owayengumqondisi we-UNDP uWilliam Draper, esandulelweni salombiko, wathi ukuphila kwabaningi kusalawulwa ‘imishikashika eqhubekayo yokuthola amathuba avamile ekuphileni—indawo, amanzi, umsebenzi, indawo yokuhlala nezinkonzo zomphakathi eziyisisekelo.’ Lombiko uphawula ukuthi “izizwe eziyingcosana, abampofu, abahlala emaphandleni, abesifazane, nabakhubazekile ngokuvamile abanawo amandla okushintsha ukuphila kwabo.”

I-video YeRosari Engangena Ephaketheni

Umpristi wase-Italy ongumKatolika uye wagunyaza i-video yeRosari ye-electronic enomculo nezithombe ezingokwenkolo ezinyakazayo. Ngokwephephandaba laseBologna lansuku zonke i-Resto del Carlino, lomshini, osebenza ngebhethri, “ulula futhi uyaphatheka (ungena kahle ephaketheni noma esikhwameni).” Kulabo abafuna ukuphindaphinda imikhuleko lapho beshayela, kukhona futhi “umshini okhethekile ongaxhunywa engosini yemoto yokokhela ugwayi.” Ikholwa lingakhetha ingxenye yeRosari elifuna ukuyisho ngekhanda. Ngokwesibonelo, inkinobho ethi “Ave Maria” yenza ukuthi oyisebenzisayo akwazi ukuzisho ngokulandelana izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomkhuleko, amagama azo evezwa esihenqweni. “Uma kwenzeka umuntu akhathale ngaphambi kokuba aqede ukusho yonke imikhuleko,” kusho i-Resto del Carlino, angacisha lomshini futhi, ngenxa yenkumbulo yama-electronic, “aqhubeke lapho egcine khona lapho ephinda ewuvula.”

Indawo Ebanda Kunazo Zonke Endaweni Yonke

Izinga lokubanda elibanda kunawo wonke endaweni yonke liye lalinganiswa muva nje ngesikali sikaKelvin latholakala lingu-0, 000 000 000 28. Lelizinga eliphansi ngokweqile liyiqhezwana lezinga elingaphezu kwezinga-qhwa. Latholakalaphi lelizinga lokubanda okukhulu? Ezweni laseNyakatho Yurophu iFinland, ngokukamagazini i-New Scandinavian Technology. Nokho, abantu abaningi baseFinland babengasiqapheli lesisehlakalo, njengoba lelizinga lokubanda latholakala ngemishini yezandla yaseLow Temperature Physics Laboratory eHelsinki University of Technology. Ososayensi abakaze balithole izinga-qhwa, elichazwa kuyi-New Scandinavian Technology ngokuthi “izinga lokubanda eliphawula ukungabibikho kokushisa ngaphakathi kuma-athomu.”

Ukubaluleka Kokukwazi Ukubona Ngaphandle

Ngokokuhlola kwabacwaningi base-University of Michigan, e-U.S.A., izisebenzi ezikwazi ukubona ngaphandle zisebenza kangcono. Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, ukukwazi ukubona ngaphandle akukhuthazi ukwakha amaphupho. Umagazini i-Business Week ubika ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwabantu abangu-1 200 kwembula ukuthi “izisebenzi ezikwazi ukubona ngaphandle zishiseka kakhudlwana emisebenzini yazo, azivamile ukukhungatheka, zibekezela kakhudlwana, zikwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo kangcono, futhi zinezifo ezimbalwa emzimbeni.” Ngokuphambene, izisebenzi ezisebenzela emagunjini angenamafasitela ngokunokwenzeka “azicabangi kakhulu futhi zinesififane” kanye nobunzima obukhulu bokugxilisa ingqondo.

Amathoyizi Akhaliphile

“Ukudayiswa kwamathoyizi afundisayo kuyadlondlobala njengoba abazali beshintshanisa ukuzijabulisa kwangempela ngokubeka phambili ukuncintisana kwesikhathi esizayo,” kuphawula i-Globe and Mail, iphephandaba laseCanada. Lombiko unezela ukuthi abanye abazali baze bavimbele nabantwana babo ukuba badlale ngamathoyizi “okuzijabulisa nje. Kunalokho, bafuna sonke isikhathi sokudlala sigcwaliswe ngokuphelele ngethuba lokufundisa amakhono.” Nakuba abaningi bekholelwa ukuthi lomkhuba ungaveza abantwana abakhaliphe kakhulu nabanamakhono angcono, abanye ochwepheshe bayakuphikisa lokhu. Banomuzwa wokuthi ukuphuca abantwana isikhathi sokudlala esiyigugu esingenambandela kuyophazamisa ikhono labo lokusungula izinto ezintsha “nokuthi ekugcineni ngeke bafunde lutho,” kusho leliphephandaba.

Buyanda Ubugcwelegcwele Basolwandle

I-International Maritime Organization ezinze eLondon, inxusa leZizwe Ezihlangene elilwa nobugcwelegcwele basolwandle nokuphangwa kwemikhumbi kuhlonyiwe, ibika ukuthi ubugcwelegcwele basolwandle buye “banda kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje kokubili ngenani nangesihluku kumatilosi.” Nakuba ingxenye enkulu yezenzakalo ezingu-400 zobugcwelegcwele basolwandle ezabikwa yenzeka eStrait of Malacca eseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, izigcwelegcwele zasolwandle zizingela nasogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Afrika nasogwini olusenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNingizimu Melika. Umagazini i-UN Chronicle ubhala ukuthi ubugcwelegcwele basolwandle “busongela ngokuba inkinga yomhlaba wonke.”