IMexico Ishintsha Imithetho Yayo Ephathelene Nenkolo
NGO-JULY 16, 1992, UMTHETHO OMUSHA WEZINHLANGANO ZENKOLO NOKUKHULEKELA ENINGINI WAQALA UKUSEBENZA EMEXICO. KWAKUDINGEKE NGANI LOKHU, FUTHI LOMTHETHO OMUSHA UPHATHELENE NANI? AKE SIYIHLOLE LENDABA ESIVUSE ELIKHULU ISASASA.
LAPHO iSpain inqoba izwe manje eseliyiMexico, inkolo yamaKatolika yaphoqelelwa kubantu. Lapho kufika isikhathi sokumisa ngokomthetho izindaba zenkolo, umthetho waseSpain, i-Constitución de Cádiz (1812), wasetshenziswa ngokwengxenye; iSiphakamiso 12 sasithi: “Inkolo yeSizwe saseSpain eyobuKatolika, eyabaPhostoli, eyobuRoma, futhi iyohlala injalo phakade, iyona kuphela eyinkolo yeqiniso.” Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngo-1824, kwamiswa uMthetho-sisekelo eMexico, futhi wawuthi: “Inkolo yeSizwe saseMexico eyobuKatolika, eyabaPhostoli, eyobuRoma futhi iyohlala injalo phakade. ISizwe siyivikela ngemithetho ehlakaniphile neyokulunga, futhi siyakwenqabela ukuqhutshwa kwanoma iyiphi enye.” Nakuba lomthetho wezwe wabukezwa izikhathi eziningana, lombono ofanayo wavezwa kwaze kwaba ngisho nango-1843, unikeza inkolo yobuKatolika indawo yokuqala futhi, empeleni, ushiya ngaphandle noma iyiphi enye inkolo.
Kwakungo-1857 lapho uBenito Juárez, isikhulu sikahulumeni waseMexico, eqala ukubukeza imithetho yezwe engenisa lokho okwakubizwa ngokuthi iMithetho Yenguquko. Lokhu “kwakuzokwenza izindawo zesonto zibe ezesizwe” futhi “kukhulise amandla oMbuso ezombangazwe nawezomnotho futhi kunciphise aweSonto [lamaKatolika].” (Historia de México, Umqulu 10, ikhasi 2182) Kuleliqoqo lemithetho ka-1859, kwashaywa uMthetho Wokwenziwa Kwezinto ZeSonto Zibe Ezesizwe, nomthetho owawuthi imishado kufanele iqhutshwe uMbuso ukuze ibe semthethweni. Ngo-1860 kwashaywa uMthetho Wenkululeko Engokwenkolo.
Imithetho yenguquko yanikeza abantu isilinganiso esithile senkululeko engokwenkolo, iqinisekisa ukuthi kwakungeke kusaba inkolo yobuKatolika kuphela ekhona ezweni. Nokho, lenkululeko yayinemingcele kakhulu futhi inemibandela. Lemithetho yayikuqaphela ukuthi nezinye izinkolo zikhona eMexico kodwa ingaziniki ukuqashelwa ngokomthetho noma amalungelo. Imithetho yeNguquko yayiklanyelwe ikakhulukazi ukubekela inkolo yobuKatolika imikhawulo kodwa ngeshwa yabekela zonke izinkolo ezikulelozwe imikhawulo. Noma kunjalo, izinkolo ezingebona ubuKatolika zase zingasebenza ngenkululeko ethé xaxa, futhi izinkolo zobuProthestani zase-United States zaqala umkhankaso wobuvangeli ezweni.
Imithetho yenguquko yaqala ukusebenza ngo-1917, inomoya ofanayo wokumelana nabefundisi, okwabangela ukushushiswa kwabefundisi nabantu abangamaKatolika. Lokhu kwaphumela empini yama-Cristeros ngo-1926, okwakuyimpi eyayiphakathi kwamaKatolika nohulumeni eyayiwumzamo wokuqeda lemithetho evimbelayo eyayibusa inkolo. Lempi yaphela ngo-1929 ngesivumelwano esithile sokuba uhulumeni axegise amatomu, kodwa lemithetho yaqhubeka injengoba injalo.
Lapho ikhulumela lemithetho, incwadi ethi Una Ley Para la Libertad Religiosa (UMthetho Wenkululeko Engokwenkolo) ithi: “Siyaqaphela ukuthi ekuqaleni iSiphakamiso 24 soMthetho-sisekelo wethu esigabeni saso sesibili, nezinye iziphakamiso zomthetho-sisekelo ezashintshwa, zaziyiphazamisa ngokusobala inkululeko engokwenkolo, ngenxa yokuthi zazikubekela imikhawulo ukuqhutshwa eningini kwanoma iyiphi inkolo yomuntu futhi zenza lokho kuqhutshwa kwabuswa umthetho omiswe iziphathimandla.
“Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezizimo zomthetho-sisekelo ngokusobala zaziphikisana nalokho okwakumiswe i-United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (ISiphakamiso 19) ne-American Convention of Human Rights (ISiphakamiso 12), okwakungamathuluzi omhlaba wonke uHulumeni waseMexico oye wawemukela.”
Ngo-1988, lapho umongameli omusha waseMexico eqala inkathi yokuphatha yeminyaka eyisithupha, isigaba sabefundisi bamaKatolika samenyelwa emkhosini wokumiswa kukamongameli. Enkulumweni yakhe, uMongameli Carlos Salinas de Gortari wazwakalisa isidingo sokuthuthukisa ubuhlobo phakathi kweSonto noMbuso. Lendlela entsha yaholela esiphethweni sokuthi ukubukezwa kwemithetho ephathelene nenkolo kudingekile nakanjani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liya liba umphakathi wentando yeningi, futhi kwaqalwa izingxoxo zokubonisana ngesivumelwano sokuhwebelana ngokukhululekile ne-United States neCanada. Ngakho kwakudingeka kubukezwe umthetho ukuze uvumelane nenkululeko engokwenkolo.
UMthetho Omusha
Lomthetho omusha, njengoba kubonisiwe esiphakamisweni sawo sokuqala, “usekelwe esimisweni esingokomlando sokuhlukana kweSonto noMbuso, kanye nasenkululekweni yezinkolelo ezingokwenkolo . . .” Isiphakamiso sesibili siqinisekisa inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye “ukuba abe noma amukele futhi aqhube izinkolelo ezingokwenkolo azithandayo, njengeqembu noma eyedwa, izenzo zokukhulekela noma imikhuba ayithandayo . . . , ukuba angabi nazo izinkolelo ezingokwenkolo . . . , ukuba angabi isisulu sobandlululo, ukuvinjelwa, noma alwiswe ngenxa yezinkolelo zakhe . . . , ukuba ahlanganyele futhi ahlangane nabanye ngokuthula ngezinjongo ezingokwenkolo.” Ngalomthetho, “amasonto namaqembu enkolo azoqashelwa ngokomthetho njengezinhlangano zenkolo ngokushesha nje lapho esebhaliswe ngokudingekile eMnyangweni kaHulumeni.” Futhi, “izinhlangano zenkolo ezibunjwe ngokuvumelana nalomthetho wamanje zingase zibe neyazo indawo eyifa lazo ezivumela ukuba zifeze injongo yazo.”
OFakazi BakaJehova Babhaliswa Ngokomthetho
Ngokuvumelana nalomthetho omusha, oFakazi BakaJehova eMexico bahambisa incwadi yesicelo eHhovisi Lezindaba Zenkolo ngo-April 13, 1993, ukuze babhaliswe njengenkolo. Esikhathini esingaphambili oFakazi BakaJehova, njenganoma iyiphi enye inkolo kulelozwe, bebelokhu bekhona bona kodwa bengaqashelwe ngokomthetho. OFakazi BakaJehova bebelokhu bekhona kulelizwe kusukela ekuqaleni kwalelikhulu lama-20. Nakuba babengaqashelwe ngokomthetho, ngo-June 2, 1930, uhulumeni waseMexico wayigunyaza i-International Association of Bible Students. Ngo-December 20, 1932, leligama lashintshelwa kwelithi La Torre del Vigía (I-Watchtower). Kodwa ngo-1943, ngenxa yemithetho eyayibekela imisebenzi engokwenkolo ezweni imingcele, kwabhaliswa enye inhlangano njengenhlangano yomphakathi. Ngaleyondlela uJehova wawubusisa umsebenzi oFakazi BakaJehova ababewenza kuyo yonke leminyaka. Njengamanje, ngokuvumelana nencwadi yangomhlaka-May 7, 1993, eyathunyelwa kubo ngo-May 31, 1993, oFakazi BakaJehova babhaliswe njenge-La Torre del Vigía, A. R., kanye ne-Los Testigos de Jehová en México, A. R., zombili okuyizinhlangano zenkolo.
Ngaphansi kwalamalungiselelo amasha, oFakazi BakaJehova eMexico, njengakwamanye amazwe angu-230 emhlabeni, bayaqhubeka bezikhandla ekushumayeleni ngoMbuso kaNkulunkulu. Kunohlelo olukhulu lokwanda eMexico, oluhlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwamaHholo OMbuso amasha namaHholo Omhlangano amasha. Njengoba kunabamemezeli abangaphezu kuka-380 000 futhi kubhapathizwa abasanda kuhlanganyela abangu-30 000 unyaka ngamunye, kunomsebenzi omkhulu okusamelwe wenziwe, njengoba kubonakala ngezifundo zeBhayibheli zasekhaya ezingu-530 000 eziqhutshwayo njengamanje.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi sezixazululeke zonke izinkinga zoFakazi BakaJehova eMexico. Izingane zabo kusadingeka zibhekane nokucindezela esikoleni ngenxa yempikiswano yokungathathi-hlangothi. Nokho, iziphathimandla, zifuna ukuwusebenzisa ngendlela elinganayo lomthetho omusha ekusebenzelaneni nezinkolo ezihlukahlukene ezikulelizwe. Ngempela iMexico ithathe isinyathelo esinqala ekuvikelweni kwamalungelo esintu nenkululeko engokwenkolo ngalomthetho omusha ophathelene nenkolo.
[Izithombe ekhasini 13]
Izincwadi zokubhaliswa koFakazi BakaJehova eMexico
[Isithombe ekhasini 14]
Isikhungo esisha semfundo yeBhayibheli esakhiwa oFakazi BakaJehova eMexico