Isomiso Esiqothulayo E-Afrika EseNingizimu

NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! E-AFRIKA

ABANINGI bathi kwakuyisomiso esibi kunazo zonke kulelikhulu leminyaka. Abanye baze bathi sasisibi kunazo zonke emlandweni wase-Afrika eseningizimu. Lesisomiso seminyaka emibili esagasela i-Afrika eseningizimu sashiya umbhudu wenhlekelele. “Sibi kakhulu kunalokho esasikulindele,” kusho umphathi we-Operation Hunger, iqembu lokunikeza usizo elizimele laseNingizimu Afrika. “Ukuvakasha kuwuhambo lokuhlola oluya ekujuleni kosizi okungazange kubonwe esikhathini esidlule, ukuhlupheka nokuntula kwesintu.”

Omunye umlimi wasedolobhaneni elithile ngokudangala wathi: “Ngeke utshale lutho. Umhlaba ufile.” Kwezinye izindawo izakhamuzi ezilambile zasemadolobhaneni zazidla udaka noma izimpande zezitshalo zasendle. Izinhlangano ezinikeza usizo lokudla zakhungathekiswa indingeko enkulu yokudla. Ngokwe-Guardian Weekly, “i-Afrika eseningizimu ilahlekelwe izilimo eziningi kunalezo ezalahlekela iTopiya neSudan ngesomiso esibi sango-1985.”

Lesisomiso senza ukuba abantu abayizigidi ezingaba ngu-18 babhekane nokubulawa indlala. E-Angola isimo sasibucayi kunazo zonke emlandweni walelizwe. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kwafa izinkomo eziyisigidi, futhi ngonyaka owodwa kwafa izilimo ezingaba amaphesenti angu-60. Usizo aluzange lufinyelele kubantu ababethinteke kakhulu. Ngo-August 1992, kwafa izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezilimo zaseZambia, futhi kwadingeka ukuba kungeniswe kulelizwe amathani ommbila ayisigidi. Abantu abayizigidi ezingaba ngu-1,7 babebulawa indlala.

EZimbabwe, eyake yabizwa ngokuthi isifunda sase-Afrika eseningizimu esikhiqiza okusanhlamvu, abayizigidi ezine babedinga usizo lokudla—cishe okuyingxenye yenani labantu. Kwenye indawo uthisha othile wathi: “Kunamanzi ayingcosana futhi akukho kudla okusele. Akukho nodwani lotshani olusele ezweni.”

Kwamanye amadolobhana abantu babekhwela ezihlahleni bakhe amaqabunga ababezowapheka bawadle. Kwadingeka ukuba uhulumeni ehlise usizo lwakhe lokudla kusuka kumakhilogremu angu-15 kuya kumakhilogremu amahlanu umuntu ngamunye ngenyanga. Ichibi elikhulu elenziwa umuntu iKariba lalishe kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili, futhi amanzi ayefinyelela kwaBulawayo kuphela.

Izinkulungwane zezilwane emapulazini ezinyamazane aseZimbabwe kwadingeka ukuba zidutshulwe, njengoba ayengekho amanzi ayezanele. Iphephandaba elithile labika: “Kuye kwaqathaka izinyoni ezifile ezihlahleni ezibunile, kwanyamalala izimfudu, izinyoka, izilwane eziququdayo nezinambuzane.”

IMozambique yayiphakathi kwamazwe ayehlaselwe kakhulu isomiso. Lelizwe lalithola kwamanye amazwe ukudla kwalo okungamaphesenti angu-80, futhi okunye ukulinganisela kwakuwukuthi abantu abayizigidi ezingu-3,2 babebulawa indlala. Ababaleki bathutheleka eMalawi, eNingizimu Afrika, eSwazini, naseZimbabwe. Kodwa ngenxa yesimo sesomiso samuva esiya siba ngcono, ababaleki abaningi baye babuya.

Ngokuvamile abahlala emadolobheni abaliqapheli ithonya lesomiso ekuphileni kwabantu basemaphandleni. Isikhulu esithile esasihileleke osizweni lokudla sathi: “Umonakalo obangelwa isomiso ubonakala ukude kubantu abaningi abahlala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni eziye zaphunyuka ebunzimeni bokuntula ukudla namanzi.”

Nakuba izimvula zaletha ikhambi elithile kwezinye izindawo, kusadingeka imvula eyengeziwe ezingxenyeni zaseMozambique, eSwazini, naseNingizimu Afrika. Ngokungangabazeki imiphumela yalesisomiso isazozwiwa iminyaka eminingi ezayo.

Ngokusobala, enye imbangela yesomiso ukuntuleka kwemvula. Kodwa imiphumela yaso iqiniswa ezinye izinkinga ezidinga ukucatshangelwa.

Ezinye Izinkinga

E-Afrika umphumela wesomiso wandiswa ukungasimami kwezombangazwe. Amazwe aye abhekana nokuntula ukudla okungathi sína yilawo aye ahlaselwa ukungasimami okunjalo. Izibonelo i-Angola, iTopiya, iMozambique, neSomalia. Izimpi ziye zaphazamisa ezolimo futhi zaphoqelela abalimi abaningi ukuba babaleke, beshiya amapulazi abo enganakekelwe muntu.

Isici esikhulu esibangela isomiso ukungcolisa komuntu umkhathi nalokho abanye abathi ukushisa kwembulunga yonke okuwumphumela. Esinye isici ukwanda kwenani labantu. Isilinganiso sonyaka sokwanda kwabantu e-Afrika singamaphesenti amathathu, esingesinye seziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukuze babhekane nokondla abantu abengeziwe, abalimi balima umhlabathi ongakulungele ukulinywa futhi abayishiyi indawo iyifusi ukuze izivuselele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlathi acekelwa phansi, ngokuyinhloko ukuze kutholakale indawo eyengeziwe yokulima. Ngokukamagazini i-African Insight, eminyakeni engu-20 edlule amaphesenti angu-20 eTopiya ayeyihlathi; manje amaphesenti amabili kuphela. Kuzo zonke izinkinga zendawo ezungezile ezisongela umhlaba, ezinye iziphathimandla zithi ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi kuyinkinga engathi sína kunazo zonke. Kuthinta izimo zezulu futhi kunengxenye ekugugulekeni kwenhlabathi, kanye nasekwandeni kwezindawo eziwugwadule.

Abanye ohulumeni base-Afrika baye bagcina intengo yokudla nemfuyo iphansi ukuze bazuze ukusekelwa abathengi basemadolobheni. Lokho kubathena amandla abalimi, abahlulekayo ukulima ngokuyinzuzo. Uhulumeni waseZimbabwe wasabela ngokwenyusa intengo yommbila ngamaphesenti angu-64 njengendlela yokukhuthaza abalimi ukuba bakhiqize ngokwengeziwe.

Liyini Ikhambi?

Izazi zinokusikisela okuningi. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ziye zaluleka amazwe ase-Afrika ukuba asebenzise izindlela zokulima zaseNtshonalanga, ezingazange zisebenze endaweni yase-Afrika.

Kudingeka ngokushesha amasu awusizo. Esinye isikhulu sase-Afrika se-UN Economic Commission for Africa sathi: “Ngesisekelo sazo zonke izinguquko zezomnotho esiye sazibona kuze kube manje, ngonyaka ka-2000 i-Afrika iyobe ingekho kulesisimo ekuso manje. Iyobe isobishini.”

Isidingo esisobala ukusimama kwezombangazwe nokuphela kodlame nempi. Kuyadingeka futhi ukubambisana namazwe angomakhelwane.

Ngokwe-UN Food and Agriculture Organization, i-Afrika ingondla inani labantu eliphindwe kathathu kunenani layo lamanje. Kodwa sekungamashumi eminyaka umkhiqizo wayo ulokhu wehla, futhi ngokwesilinganiso samanje sokwanda, inani labantu bayo lingaphindeka kabili phakathi neminyaka engu-30.

Usizo lokudla lakwamanye amazwe ngokungathandabuzeki luye lwasindisa abaningi ekubulaweni indlala. Nokho, usizo olunjalo olutholakala njalo alulona ikhambi futhi lunemiphumela emibi ngoba luthena amandla okukhiqiza kwabalimi bendawo. Bangase bangakwazi ukudayisa imikhiqizo yabo ngentengo efanele, futhi ngokuvamile abantu bakhetha ukudla kwangaphandle bangabe besakuthanda ukudla kwendawo.

Kwenziwani?

Iyancomeka imizamo yokukhuthala kwabaningi abafuna ngobuqotho ukusiza abantu base-Afrika. Kwezinye izindawo imizamo enjalo iye yaba nemiphumela. EZimbabwe iqembu labacwaningi bezizwe liye lasebenzisa isimiso sokutshala izihlahla ezikhula kahle futhi ngokushesha ezindaweni ezomile. Injongo iwukutshala lezizihlahla eziningi ukuze kunqotshwe ukuntuleka kwezinkuni zokubasa, njengoba abantu abangamaphesenti angu-80 besebenzisa izinkuni ukuze bapheke.

Edolobhaneni laseCharinge endaweni ehlaselwe isomiso yaseMasvingo, eZimbabwe, abalimi baye bakhuthazwa ukuba basebenzise amadwala ukuze bavimbele ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi yemifino nezihlahla zabo zezithelo. Ngenxa yalokho, badinga amanzi ayingcosana kakhulu, futhi izilimo ziye zakhula kahle kakhulu. Abalimi baye bakwazi ngisho nokudayisela ukudla abanye ababeswele.

ENingizimu Afrika inkampane ethile enkulu yaguqula isikhungo sayo sokwenza uwoyela ngamalahle ukuze cishe wonke amanzi asetshenziswayo aphinde asetshenziswe ngemva kokucwengwa. Nakuba ukucwenga amanzi ezimboni kumba eqolo, iNingizimu Afrika ihlose ukuba ekugcineni icwenge amanzi ezimboni zayo angamaphesenti angu-70.

ELuanshya, eZambia, kwasetshenziswa ubhontshisi njengokudla okunomsoco. Isisebenzi sosizo sathi: “Ukufa okuningi okubangelwa ukungondleki kwenzeka ngo-March nango-June lapho kuntuleka khona ukudla okuvamile okuthandwayo. Nokho, ubhontshisi uvunwa ngo-April futhi ugcineka kangcono kunokudla okuthandwayo njengommbila namabele.”

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lemizamo yokunqoba lezizinkinga zesomiso nokuntuleka kokudla ingase ibaluleke kangakanani, umuntu, nabo bonke ubuchwepheshe nokuthuthuka kwakhe, akakwazanga ukuqeda isomiso e-Afrika. Munye kuphela uMuntu oqonda konke lokhu, futhi walibikezela kudala ikhambi. Ngaphansi kokubusa koMbuso kaJehova uNkulunkulu ngeNkosi yakhe emisiwe, uJesu Kristu, amazwi omprofethi u-Isaya ayogcwaliseka ngokoqobo ngokushesha embulungeni yonke: “Ehlane kuyakubhoboka amanzi, nemifudlana kwahlongasibi. Isihlabathi esibengezelayo siyakuba-yichibi, isigagadu sibe-yimithombo yamanzi; ekhaya lamakhanka lapho ayebuthisa khona kuyakuba-khona igceke lomhlanga nekhwani.”—Isaya 35:6, 7.

[Isithombe ekhasini 12]

Izakhamuzi zasemadolobhaneni zazibangisana nemfuyo ngamanzi ayingcosana ayesele emigodini yodaka

[Umthombo]

The Star, Johannesburg. S.A.