Ukubuka Okwezwe

‘Isimiso Sokugcina Sokuphatha Wonke Amandla’

“Ukunganeliseki kweSonto LamaKatolika laseJalimane ngombono wokudla ngoludala kweVatican kuyanda,” kubika i-Repubblica ephuma nsuku zonke yaseRome ngemva kokuba uJohn Paul II emise okhadinali abasha abangu-30. Isazi semfundiso yenkolo esaziwayo esiyisihlubuki uHans Küng sigomela ngokuthi ukuze kukhethwe upapa olandelayo, “kudingeka ngokuphuthumayo indikimba yabakhethi emelela ngempela lonke iSonto LamaKatolika.” UKüng ukholelwa ukuthi “ingxenye enkulu yabalandeli besonto ayisamethembi nakancane upapa.” UKüng uyaqhubeka: “Akunakushaywa indiva ukuthi, ngemva kokuwa kobuKhomanisi bukaStalin, isimiso samaRoma sokuphatha wonke amandla yisona sokugcina esisele emazweni aseNtshonalanga.”

Gwema Ukuguga Ngokushesha

“Abantu benza izindlu zifanelane nezingane. Pho kungani bengazenzi zifanelane nabantu asebegugile?” kubuza uWilson Jacob Filho, isazi sesayensi yokuguga eSão Paulo University, eBrazil. Ngaphandle kwamakhaya abagugile alondekile, usikisela ukuba bavivinye imizimba ukuze baqinise isimiso sezicubu ukuze banciphise ingozi yokuwa. Iziphi izitha ezinkulu zokuphila isikhathi eside? Ngokukadokotela we-plastic surgery uRogério Izar Neves, naye ongowaseSão Paulo University, lezi zitha “ukuvilapha, ukudla okungenamsoco (ikakhulukazi ukudla okunamafutha amaningi), ukubhema, ukusebenzisa ngokweqile uphuzo oludakayo, ukucindezeleka, nokungalali.” I-Jornal da Tarde ichaza ukuthi ukucindezeleka ngokweqile kwenza isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni sibe buthakathaka, “okuhlobene kakhulu nokuqala kwezifo ezihlukahlukene bese kubangela ukuguga.” UDkt. Neves uyaqhubeka ethi: “Ukungabi nasithakazelo ekuphileni kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokuguga ngokushesha.”

Ingozi Engokwempilo Ngokubhoboza Umzimba

“Abantu babhoboza izingxenye zemizimba yabo ezazingazange zibhotshozwe eminyakeni edlule,” kusho uJohn Pelton, umqondisi wezempilo we-Calgary Health Services eCanada. Ngokombiko we-Vancouver Sun, lokhu kuhlanganisa amashiya, izindebe zomlomo, izindimi, nezinkaba. Ukwesaba kokuthi lemfashini ingadlulisela ingculaza nesifo sokusha kwesibindi sohlobo B nesohlobo C kuye kwashukumisela i-Environmental Health Services e-Alberta Health ukuba inikeze iziqondiso zokulawula ukubhoboza umzimba. Lombiko unezela ukuthi “ekugcineni izindinganiso ezintsha ziyohlanganisa lonke uhla lwezinkonzo ezinikezwa abantu ezingabekelwe mibandela, njengensimbi yokubeka uphawu, ukugcoba isitaputapu, ukudweba imifanekiso emzimbeni, i-electrolysis nokuthuntubezwa kwezinzwa,” futhi uhlaka lwalemibandela luzobukezwa izikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi nezimboni. Ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwemishini yokubhoboza izindlebe ukuze kubhotshozwe umzimba, othile owenza lenqubo uyavuma: “Siye sabona abantu abangenwe izifo beya ezibhedlela ngenxa yalokhu. Eqinisweni kuyesabeka ngempela.”

Isonto Liphelelwa Isithunzi

I-Toronto Star ithi isonto lamaProthestani elikhulu kunawo wonke eCanada, i-United Church of Canada, “linenani lamalungu agugayo futhi ancipha ngokushesha, futhi abaholi namalungu alo baphikisana ngokuthi iziphi izinto okufanele zize kuqala kulo.” Nakuba kunabantu abangaphezu kuka-3 000 000 abazihlanganisa naleli sonto, bangu-750 000 kuphela abasemabhukwini alo. Iningi labasekeli balo abakhulu lineminyaka engaphezu kuka-55 ubudala, kuyilapho lingazikhangi izingane nabazukulu bamalungu alo. Leli sonto laxwayiswa ngokuthi kumelwe lithathe isinyathelo ngokushesha ukuze lilungise inkambo yalo kungenjalo lizofa. Amalungu afuna ukuba ukukhulekela nengokomoya kuze kuqala, kuyilapho abaholi baleli sonto befuna ukunakekela kakhulu izindaba zomphakathi nezembulunga yonke. Uma leli sonto liwa, “kuyosho futhi ukuthi lokho obekubalulekile e-United Church bekungabalulekile kubantu baseCanada,” kuxwayisa isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu sase-Alberta uReginald Bibby. “Bekungasifanele isikhathi, imali noma ukunakekela kwabo.”

Ifa Lempi

Omakad’ ebona abangu-7 000 bamaButho Ahlangene ayehlasela eYurophu, eminyakeni engu-51 edlule, babuyela emabhishi aseNormandy ngo-June 1994. Kodwa kwakunzima kakhulu kwabaningi uma bekhumbula okwenzeka kangangokuba kwadingeka belashwe ingqondo ukuze babhekane nokukhathazeka okwabangelwa ilomkhosi. “Abanye omakad’ ebona bacindezeleka ngokweqile ngemva koSuku lwalomkhosi,” kuchaza uDkt. Graham Lucas, ekhulumela i-Combat Stress, inhlangano esiza ababengamabutho empi. “Babenemizwa yokuba necala, ukuthi kwakungafanele basinde kuyilapho abanye befile, futhi babenamaphupho amabi nokuphazamiseka ebuthongweni.” Imizwa enjalo ebicindezelwe iminyaka eminingi iye yabangela izilonda, isifuba somoya, nezifo zesikhumba, kubika i-Sunday Times yaseLondon. Elinye isosha elidala, elisahlaselwa amaphupho amabi ngenxa yenkumbulo, lakubeka ngalendlela: “Ungazenza ngokweqile lezi zinto. Abantu ababengekho lapho abaqondi ukuthi kwakunjani.”

Inhlanzi Ephila Ngezinye Izilwane

I-candiru iyinhlanzi ephila ngezinye izilwane ezalela emifuleni yase-Amazon. Lesi sidalwa esikhanyayo esinjengombokwane, esingaba amasentimitha amabili nengxenye ubude, ngokuvamile sitholakala ezithweni zokuphefumula zezinhlanzi ezinkulu, lapho sidla khona igazi lazo. Futhi singangena ngomlomo kubantu sibangele ukuvuvukala, ukopha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi sibulale isisulu. Muva nje eBrazil kutholakale uhlobo lwalenhlanzi oluncane oluhahayo, olungaba ingxenye ubude. Lunamazinyo amabili anjengamahhuku emuva emlonyeni walo alwenza lubambelele luxhakathise, okwenza lungasuki esisulwini. I-New Scientist ibika ukuthi “lungabangela izifo eziyingozi ezakhamuzini ezingasemfuleni, ezinemithi yokwelapha emincane noma ezingenayo nhlobo.”

Amayunivesithi Asenkathazweni

“Amayunivesithi ase-Afrika anganakiwe asonqenqemeni lokuwa,” kubika i-WeekendStar yaseGoli. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimali, kunama-computer ambalwa, futhi kwamanye izingcingo azisebenzi. Enye iyunivesithi inabafundi ababhalisiwe abangu-35-000, kodwa ekuqaleni yayiklanyelwe abafundi abangu-5 000 kuphela. Kwenye iyunivesithi eyayidumile e-Uganda ingxenye kuphela yezikhala zokufundisa enabafundisi. Ngokusobala iholo lomfundisi kuleyunivesithi lingamaRandi angu-69 ngenyanga. Amanye amayunivesithi sekuyizinyanga eziningi evaliwe ngenxa yokuteleka kwabafundisi noma abafundi. Uprofesa othile waseKenya waphawula: “Ukubulala imfundo e-Afrika kuyaqhubeka kusuka kokubi kuya kokubi kakhulu.”

Ubani Owenza Umsebenzi Wasekhaya?

“Kungabonakala sengathi ukulingana [phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane] akukangeni ekhaya,” kusho i-Corriere della Sera, ibika ngokuhlola kwe-Central Statistics Institute indlela imikhaya yase-Italy esebenzisa ngayo isikhathi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenza ngaphandle noma cha, kusengowesifazane okumelwe “athwale umthwalo wokuhlela umkhaya,” enikela—uma enezingane—amahora angu-7 nemizuzu engu-18 emsebenzini wasendlini, uma kuqhathaniswa nehora elilodwa nemizuzu engu-48 yomngane wakhe womshado. Ngokuyindida, kubonakala omama abangashadile beqhubeka kangcono, bekwazi ukunikela isikhathi esincishiswe ngamahora amabili emsebenzini wasendlini usuku nosuku. “Kusukela ebuntwaneni, omama ‘babela kusengaphambili’ amantombazanyana abo imisebenzi yasendlini,” kunezela i-Repubblica.

Ukunqotshwa Empini Yesifo Sofuba

Ekulweni nezifo, ukulwa nesifo sofuba kuye “kwahluleka ngokuphelele emhlabeni wonke,” ngokukaProfesa Jacques Grosset, umphathi womnyango ohlola ngamagciwane eSibhedlela iPitié-Salpétrière eParis. Uma iziguli zingelashwa, izinga lokubulawa isifo sofuba lingaba amaphesenti angu-50. UProfesa Grosset waphawula ukuthi nakuba ingxenye yabaphethwe isifo sofuba emhlabeni ingakutholi ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa, inhlekelele yangempela iwukuthi emazweni anobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile, lapho izibulala-magciwane zitholakala kalula khona, ingxenye kuphela yabanalesi sifo eqhubeka yelashwa ize ilulame ngokuphelele. “Enye ingxenye ayelashwa, noma yelashwa ngezikhathi ezithile, okubangela izinga lokufa eliphakeme kakhulu (amaphesenti angu-25 alabo abelashwayo) futhi kubangele igciwane lesifo sofuba elimelana nezibulala-magciwane.”

IVenezuela Nengculaza

IVenezuela ingeyesithathu enanini eliphakeme lengculaza eLatin America, ngemva kweBrazil neMexico, kusho i-Universal yaseCaracas, eVenezuela. UDkt. Arellano Médici ulinganisela ukuthi kulelizwe kunabantu abangu-350-000 abanaleli gciwane elibulalayo, nakuba uMnyango Wezempilo uthi kunabangu-3 000 kuphela. UMédici uthi iqiniso lokuthi ngomuntu ngamunye onalesi sifo, kungenzeka kunabanye abayikhulu abanalesi sifo kodwa abangaqapheli libangelwa “ukuziphatha okuxekethile okusobala emphakathini wakithi.” UMédici uphawula ukuthi abantu abanalesi sifo kufanele baphile ukuphila okuhlanzekile, hhayi nje ngenxa yengozi yokuthelela abanye kodwa ngenxa yokuba khona kwamagciwane engculaza ahlukahlukene. Bangangenwa kalula igciwane elihlukile, kwenze inkinga yabo yempilo yamanje ibe yimbi kakhulu. Omunye umthombo ulinganisela ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2000, umkhaya ngamunye emhlabeni uyoba nelungu elinengculaza.