Lapho Izinkozi Ziya Khona Ukuze Zidle Isidlo Sezinhlanzi
ZIZA ngothi lwazo, zivunule ziconsa zilungele isidlo, zivela kulo lonke elase-Alaska, eBritish Columbia, nakude njengasesifundazweni saseWashington. Izinyoni ezikhanga kakhulu, eziphawulekayo ezinezinhloko ezimhlophe nezisila ezimhlophe ezikhangayo eziklanyelwe ukunciphisa ijubane lapho zithi cababa. Zinsundu, zinesisindo esiyisilinganiso esingamakhilogremu ayisithupha, izinsikazi zinkudlwana kunamaduna, zihamba ngejubane elingamakhilomitha angu-50 ngehora, zinamaphiko anobude obungamamitha angu-1,8 kuya kwangu-2,4—kodwa uma amehlo azo abukhali ebona inhlanzi ebangeni eliqhele ngekhilomitha nengxenye, zingatshuza ngejubane elingamakhilomitha angu-160 ngehora bese ziyihlwitha!
Nokho, ukuze zidle isidlo sazo eMfuleni iChilkat, abudingekile ubuciko obunjalo basemoyeni. Isidlo sazo esingama-salmon asiyi ndawo. Siyiziduli zabasali phambi kwazo, silindele nje ukushwabadelwa. Lomkhosi ziwenzelwa i-Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve, eyasungulwa ngo-1982 isifundazwe sase-Alaska “ukuze ivikele futhi ilondoloze lezi zinkozi eziningi emhlabeni wonke nendawo yazo yokuhlala.”
Lesi sikhungo sokulondoloza imvelo sihlanganisa amahektare angu-19 000 endawo engezansi kwemifula iChilkat, iKlehini neTsirku, futhi izindawo ezibalulekile ezihlala izinkozi kuphela ezihlanganisiwe. Indawo ekhethekile lapho kugcwala khona inqwaba yezinkozi futhi izivakashi ezithutheleka kuyo ukuze zizibone ingamakhilomitha angu-8 ngaseMfuleni iChilkat emngceleni woMgwaqo Omkhulu waseHaines, phakathi kweHaines neKlukwan.
Ipheshana likahulumeni elinesihloko esithi “Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve” lisitshela okwenza ukuba lengxenye yomfula engamakhilomitha angu-8 ubude ikwazi ukunikeza lezi zinkozi isidlo esehl’ esiphundu sama-salmon angonoshobishobi.
“Indawo engokwemvelo yamanzi angelona iqhwa angamamayela amahlanu [amakhilomitha angu-8] eMfuleni iChilkat phakathi nezinyanga zamakhaza kuthiwa ‘indawo okunqwabelana kuyo imfucumfucu.’ Indawo okunqwabelana kuyo imfucumfucu eTsirku, enjengesiphephetha-moya enamatshe amancane, amadwala, isihlabathi, nemfucumfucu yeqhwa, lapho kuhlangana khona iMifula iTsirku, iKlehini, neChilkat injengendawo enkulu yokugcina amanzi.”
Ngokuvamile, umfula ogeleza kancane lapho ungena komunye umfula ushiya imfucumfucu eyenza isizalo, kodwa ayikho indawo yokugcina amanzi eyakhekayo. Nokho, lapho uMfula iTsirku uhlangana khona noMfula iChilkat, imifantu yomhlaba neqhwa kwabangela ukuba kugwedeke indawo enkulu ejule ngamamitha angaphezu kwangu-230 ngaphansi kwesilinganiso sokuphakama kogu lolwandle. Lapho iqhwa lincibilika, kwasala imfucumfucu, futhi imifula yanezela isihlabathi namatshe amancane kwaze kwaba yilapho ekugcineni lendawo iba nemfucumfucu emahhadla, enohlonze olungamamitha angaphezu kwangu-230.
Lokhu kulandisa kubonisa ukuthi phakathi nentwasahlobo efudumele, ehlobo, nasekuqaleni kwekwindla, amanzi esithwathwa neqhwa elincibilikile agelezela kulendawo okunqwabelana kuyo imfucumfucu. Lendawo ithola amanzi ngokushesha kunangendlela egeleza ngayo, okubangela indawo enkulu yokugcina amanzi. Ipheshana lakulesi sikhungo sokulondoloza ukhozi liyaqhubeka: “Lapho kufika ubusika, kuba makhaza bese amanzi eba yiqhwa. Nokho, amanzi kulendawo agcinwa kuyo ahlala enezinga lokushisa elingaphezu kwelamanzi azungezile ngama-degree fahrenheit angu-10 kuya kwangu-20 [u-5° C. kuya ku-10° C.]. Lamanzi afudumele ‘angena’ eMfuleni iChilkat awenze ungabi yiqhwa.
“Izinhlobo ezinhlanu zama-salmon zizalela kulomfudlana nakweminye eseduze kanye nemingenela. Imihlambi yama-salmon iqala ehlobo futhi iqhubeke kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla noma ekuqaleni kobusika. Ama-salmon afa ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalela futhi izidumbu zawo ziba inala yokudla kwalezi zinkozi.”
Lesi sidlo sama-salmon siqala ngo-October futhi siphele ngo-February, futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho lezi zinkozi ngothi lwazo ziqala ukusabalala ziye emaphandleni aseduze. Nokho, lesi sikhungo sokulondoloza imvelo siyikhaya lezinkozi eziphakathi kuka-200 no-400 unyaka wonke. Ngaphezu kwanoma iziphi izinhlanzi ezingazibamba, zinezela ukudla kwazo ngezinyoni zasemanzini, izilwane ezincane ezincelisayo, nengcuba.
Ukweshelana Okuhlaba Umxhwele, “Imishado” Ehlala Njalo
Zihlala ziwumbhangqwana kukho konke ukuphila—zingafinyelela eminyakeni engu-40 ubudala—kodwa ngokuvamile zihlala ndawonye kuphela phakathi nenkathi yokuzalela. Ngokwencwajana ethi Eagles—The Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve, ukweshelana kuqala ngo-April futhi “kungahilela ukutshuza kobungcweti kokweshelana kwezinkozi zihlanganise amazipho azo futhi zishaya ungqimphothwe emoyeni.” Konke lokho nokubambana ngezandla imbala? Kuzwakala kuwukubonakaliswa kothando okunamandla!
Kuye kwatholakala izidleke ezingu-94 kulesi sikhungo sokulondoloza imvelo. Ngokuvamile kuchanyuselwa iqanda elilodwa kuya kwamathathu phakathi nokuphela kuka-May nokuqala kuka-June, ngemva kokufukanyelwa izinsuku ezingu-34 noma ezingu-35. Amaphuphu ashiya isidleke ngo-September, kodwa kumelwe aneliswe ukuba nezinsiba ezinamabala ansundu namhlophe. Izinhloko zawo nezisila kuze kube nombala omuhle omhlophe lapho eseneminyaka emine noma emihlanu ubudala!
Lencwajana futhi inikeza umlando wokulwela ukusinda kwalezi zinkozi bese iluleka izivakashi ngendlela ezingasijabulela ngayo ngokuphepha lesi sikhungo:
“I-Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve inama-eka angu-48 000 [amahektare angu-19 000] abekelwe eceleni ukuze kuvikelwe izinkozi. Kodwa izinkozi azizange zivikelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi; zake zazingelwa ngokusemthethweni abazingeli abakhokhelwayo. Ngenxa yemibiko yokuthi ukhozi luthanda ukudla ama-salmon aphilayo nezilwane ezincane, i-Alaska Territorial Legislature yasungula ukukhokhela abazingeli bezinkozi ngo-1917. Amaqhawe eFt. William H. Seward eHaines alandisa ukuthi ayenezela iholo lawo elincane laseMbuthweni nge-dollar elilodwa (kamuva elenyuswa laba ama-dollar amabili) ayelikhokhelwa ngepheya ngalinye lamazipho okhozi.
“Ukuhlola kwamuva kwathola ukuthi lezi zinkozi zazingasayibulali imihlambi yama-salmon, futhi kwayekwa ukukhokhela abazingeli bezinkozi ngo-1953. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwase kudutshulwe izinkozi ezingaphezu kuka-128 000 ngenxa yalenkokhelo. Inani lezinkozi zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga Alaska phakathi nawo-1940, lapho lenkokhelo yayisekhona, lalilinganiselwa engxenyeni yenani lezinkozi ngawo-1970.
“Lapho i-Alaska iba isifundazwe ngo-1959, ukhozi e-Alaska lwaba ngaphansi kokuvikelwa ngokusemthethweni i-Bald Eagle Act yango-1940. Ukubulala ukhozi kuyicala elingokomthetho, futhi ukuphatha izinkozi eziphilayo noma ezifile nanoma iziphi izingxenye (kuhlanganise nezimpaphe!), ngaphandle kwalapho kunemibandela ethile, nakho akukho emthethweni.
“Ngo-1972 i-Alaska State Legislature yamisa i-Chilkat River Critical Habitat Area, enakekelwa i-Alaska Department of Fish and Game, ukuze iqikelele ukuthi izinkozi eziningi ziyavikelwa. Izindawo ezingudedangendlale zezinkozi zahlala zingavikelekile, futhi kwaqala impi yesikhathi eside futhi eyayivame ukushuba phakathi kwezazi zendawo ezungezile nabathuthukisi bemvelo ngokusetshenziswa kwendawo eseChilkat Valley. Ngemva kokucwaningisisa kwe-National Audubon Society ne-Haines/Klukwan Resource Study exhaswa uhulumeni, abagawuli bemithi, abadobi, izazi zendawo ezungezile, osomabhizinisi nabezombangazwe bendawo ekugcineni bavumelana. Ngo-1982 isishaya-mthetho sesifundazwe senza leso sivumelwano saba umthetho owenza i-Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve engama-eka angu-48 000 [amahektare angu-19 000].
“Akuvunyelwe ukugawula imithi noma ukuvula izimayini kulesi Sikhungo Sokulondoloza Imvelo, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwendawo okuvamile, njengokukha izithelo, ukudoba nokuzingela, kungaqhubeka. Lesi Sikhungo Sokulondoloza Imvelo sinakekelwa i-Alaska Division of Parks ngosizo lwebhodi yabaluleki abangu-12 eyakhiwa izakhamuzi, izikhulu zikahulumeni, nesazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo.
“Indlela yokusebenzisa izinto ezingokwemvelo zalesi sigodi ngaphandle kokulimaza indawo ezungezile iseyinkinga eqhubekayo, futhi izimpikiswano ngokusetshenziswa kwendawo zisengabangela impikiswano eChilkat Valley. Kodwa izakhamuzi zendawo ziyaziqhenya ngokuthi kwatholakala ikhambi lendawo ukuze kuvikelwe izinkozi.”
Indawo eyinhloko lapho izivakashi zingabona khona lezi zinkozi ingaseMgwaqweni Omkhulu waseHaines, omalungana noMfula iChilkat, futhi kunezindawo ezimisiwe zokufeza lenjongo.
[Ibalazwe ekhasini 15]
(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)
Chilkat River Chilkoot River
Klehini River KLUKWAN
Indawo Yokubuka Izinkozi
(indawo okunqwabelana kuyo imfucumfucu)
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▴
Haines Highway
Tsirku River ▾ Chilkoot Lake
Chilkat Lake ▾
Chilkat River ▾ Lutak Inlet
Takhin River ▾
HAINES
[Umthombo]
Mountain High Maps™ copyright © 1993 Digital Wisdom, Inc.
[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 15]
Bald eagles on pages 15-18: Alaska Division of Tourism