Izigodlo Ezikhazimulayo Zasolwandle

NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! ECANADA

“KUNENGUZUNGA yeqhwa ngaphambili!” kumemeza umlindi okhathazekile. Izisebenzi eziqondisa umkhumbi zisabela ngokushesha. Kuhlehliswa izinjini ukuze kunqandwe ukungqubuzeka. Kodwa sekwephuze kakhulu. Uhlangothi lomkhumbi olungakwesokunene phambili lulimala kabi.

Esikhathini esingaphansi kwamahora amathathu, iNorth Atlantic igwinya umkhumbi wabagibeli onethezekile owawumkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni ngaleso sikhathi. Ngo-April 15, 1912, inezinsuku ezinhlanu nje kuphela isendleleni esuka eYurophu iya eNyakatho Melika, i-Titanic icwila phansi olwandle, ekujuleni okungamakhilomitha amane ngaphansi kwamanzi. Abagibeli nezisebenzi abangaba ngu-1 500 bafela olwandle.

Yasala injani lenguzunga yeqhwa enkulu? Yasala cishe ingalimalanga. Isihloko sayo kuphela esangqubuzana ne-Titanic. Ngakusasa, abatakuli bayibona intantela ngaseningizimu enamanzi afudumele, njengokungathi kwakungenzekanga lutho. Ukufa kwalenguzunga yeqhwa, ukuncibilika kancane kancane olwandle olukhulu, kwakuyolibaleka ngokushesha. Nokho, ukucwila kwe-Titanic kusakhunjulwa njengenhlekelele eshaqisayo yasolwandle.

Izinguzunga zeqhwa! Ziyakhanga futhi zinhle, kodwa ziqine ngempela. Wake wazibonela yini eduze futhi wezwa ithonya ezinalo kumuntu nasemvelweni? Ubungathanda yini ukwazi ukuthi kungani zikhona nokuthi ziba khona kanjani? Futhi yini eyenziwayo ukuze kuvikelwe abantu abasolwandle ezingozini ezingase zibangelwe izinguzunga zeqhwa? (Bheka ibhokisi elithi “I-International Ice Patrol.”)

Umsuka Nomjikelezo Wazo

Izinguzunga zeqhwa zinjengezigaxa ezinkulu zeqhwa lamanzi aphuzwayo. Zivela ezintabeni zeqhwa nasezingqimbeni zeqhwa eNyakatho nase-Antarctic. Bewazi yini ukuthi ungqimba lweqhwa lwase-Antarctic lukhiqiza amaphesenti angaba ngu-90 ezinguzunga zeqhwa emhlabeni? Futhi lukhiqiza ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Lezi ziphakama ngaphezu kwamanzi ngamamitha angaba yikhulu futhi zinobude obungaba amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-300 nobubanzi obungaba amakhilomitha angu-90. Izinguzunga zeqhwa ezinkulu zingaba nesisindo samathani aphakathi kwezigidi ezimbili nezingu-40. Futhi njengamakhekheba kangqoqwane, azikho izinguzunga ezimbili ezifanayo. Ezinye ziyisicaba phezulu. Ezinye zinesihloko esicijile, noma ziyindingiliza.

Ngokuvamile cishe ingxenye yesikhombisa kuya kweyeshumi kuphela yobukhulu benguzunga yeqhwa ebonakala ngaphezu kwamanzi. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi ngezinguzunga zeqhwa eziyisicaba phezulu. Kucishe kufane nalokho okubonayo lapho isigaxa seqhwa sintanta engilazini yamanzi. Nokho, lesi silinganiso seqhwa elivele ngaphezulu nalelo elicwilile siyahlukahluka, kuye ngokwakheka kwenguzunga yeqhwa.

Izinguzunga zeqhwa zase-Antarctic zivame ukuba yisicaba phezulu nasezinhlangothini, kuyilapho ezase-Arctic ngokuvamile zinezingoxi futhi zimise okwemibhoshongo. Lezi zamuva, iningi lazo elivela ongqimbeni lweqhwa olukhulu olumboze iGreenland, ziwusongo olukhulu kakhulu kubantu, njengoba zingase zikhukhuleke ziye emizileni yemikhumbi enqamula i-Atlantic.

Zivela kanjani ngempela izinguzunga zeqhwa? Ezindaweni zomhlaba ezisenyakatho naseningizimu, iqhwa nemvula ephenduka iqhwa okunqwabelanayo ngokuvamile akuncibiliki futhi akuhwamuki. Lokhu kwenza ukuba izingqimba zeqhwa ezisenhlabathini zibe izintaba zeqhwa. Unyaka nonyaka, njengoba likhithika futhi izulu lina, kuba khona ukunqwabelana okuqhubekayo. Lokhu kubangela izingqimba zeqhwa ezinkulu ezimboza izindawo ezibanzi njengaseGreenland. Ekugcineni, leliqhwa liba likhulu futhi liqine kangangokuba lentaba yeqhwa esindayo ikhukhuleka kancane kancane isuka emagqumeni aphakeme yehlele ezigodini futhi ekugcineni ingene olwandle. Echaza lokhu kuhamba kweqhwa encwadini yakhe ethi North Pole, South Pole, uBernard Stonehouse wathi: “Iqhwa eliqinile liyakwazi ukulondoloza ukwakheka kwalo kodwa lishintsheka kalula; lapho linqwabelana amakristalu alo anezinhlangothi eziyisithupha ayaqondana, abese egudlana ukuze kube nokugeleza nokuwohloka esikuhlobanisa nezintaba zeqhwa.”

Ake ucabange ngomfula weqhwa ogeleza endaweni emazombezombe uhamba kancane, njengotiligi obandayo. Njengoba kakade lunemifantu ejulile efinyelela phansi, lolu ngqimba lweqhwa luzophinde lwenze umbukwane lapho lufinyelela ogwini. Ngenxa yokukhuphuka nokwehla kwamaza, nokugugudeka ngaphansi kwamanzi, isigaxa esikhulu seqhwa esingangena olwandle ngamakhilomitha angaba ngu-40 sizoqhephuka kulentaba yeqhwa ngomsindo ovala izindlebe. Kanjalo kuvela inguzunga yeqhwa! Ingqapheli ethile yayichaza ngokuthi “umbhoshongo okhazimulayo ontantayo.”

E-Arctic kwakheka izinguzunga zeqhwa eziphakathi kuka-10 000 no-15 000 ngonyaka. Kodwa zimbalwa kakhulu, uma siqhathanisa, ezifinyelela emanzini aseningizimu ngasogwini lwaseNewfoundland. Kwenzekani kulezo ezifinyelelayo lapho?

Ukuhamba Kwezinguzunga Zeqhwa

Ngemva kokuba izinguzunga zeqhwa seziqhephukile, amaza olwandle athutha ezinye aziyise kude ngaphambi kokuba athumele ezinye entshonalanga naseningizimu futhi ekugcineni eLabrador Sea, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Iceberg Alley. Izinguzunga zeqhwa ezisindayo kulokhu kukhukhuleka okuthatha cishe iminyaka emibili ukusuka lapho zavela khona ukuya e-Atlantic ewudedangendlale ngaseLabrador naseNewfoundland zihlala isikhathi esifushane. Njengoba zikhukhulekela emanzini afudumele, zincipha kakhulu ngenxa yokuncibilika, ukugugudeka, nokuqhekeka okwengeziwe.

Ngokuvamile, phakathi nosuku iqhwa liyancibilika bese amanzi egcwala emifantwini. Ebusuku lamanzi aba iqhwa abese egcwala kulemifantu futhi abangele ukuba kuqhephuke izingcezu. Lokhu kubangela ukushintsha ngokuphazimayo kokwakheka kwenguzunga yeqhwa, okushintsha indawo okugxile kuyo isisindo sayo. Ngenxa yalokho lesi sigaxa seqhwa sihamba namanzi, siveze iqhwa elihluke ngokuphelele.

Njengoba lomjikelezo uqhubeka futhi lemibhoshongo yeqhwa iqhubeka incipha ngenxa yokuqhekeka, ikhiqiza ezayo izinguzunga zeqhwa ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-“bergy bit,” ezicishe zilingane nendlu evamile, kanye nama-“growler,” acishe alingane nekamelo elincane—lezi zamuva zibizwa kanjalo ngenxa yomsindo eziwenzayo lapho zintanta emagagasini. Amanye ama-growler amancane angase atholakale entanta ngisho nasemanzini angajulile angasogwini nangasezikhumulweni.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo zinjani, lezi zinguzunga ziyoqhephuka ngokushesha endaweni engaseningizimu zibe izingcezu ezincane zeqhwa bese zakha ingxenye yolwandle olunamandla. Nokho, kuze kube yilapho lokhu kwenzeka, izinguzunga zeqhwa kufanele ziqashelwe.

Indlela Izinguzunga Zeqhwa Ezikuthinta Ngayo Ukuphila Kwethu

Abadobi abathembele olwandle ukuze baziphilise bathambekele ekubhekeni izinguzunga zeqhwa njengesidina nengozi. Umdobi othile wathi: “Izivakashi zingase zikhangwe inguzunga yeqhwa, kodwa kumdobi ingaba usongo.” Abadobi baye bahlola abakudobile, kodwa bathola ukuthi inguzunga yeqhwa, ngenxa yokuhanjiswa amaza nomoya, iye yadabula amanetha abo ayigugu futhi yakhipha izinhlanzi abazidobile.

Izinguzunga zeqhwa kufanele zihlonishwe. “Kungcono ukuqhela kuzo,” kusho ukaputeni wesikebhe esithile. “Izinguzunga zeqhwa ziyingozi kakhulu! Izigaxa ezinkulu zingaqhephuka ezinguzungeni eziphakeme, noma lapho zishaya phansi ekujuleni kwamanzi, izigaxa ezinkulu zingaqhephuka futhi zinishaye. Futhi inguzunga yeqhwa ingaphenduphenduka futhi igingqike, okungaba inhlekelele kunoma ubani oseduze kakhulu!”

Ukuhwaya kwezinguzunga zeqhwa iphansi lolwandle kungesinye isici esikhathazayo. Ingqapheli ethile ithi: “Uma ubude benguzunga bucishe bulingane nokujula kwamanzi, kwaziwa ukuthi isihloko sayo simba imisele emide futhi ejulile. Lokhu kungaba nemiphumela ebhubhisayo ezintweni zokucwenga uwoyela ezifakwe ekujuleni kolwandle njengezihloko zemithombo.”

Kungenzeka manje ucabanga ukuthi besingaphila kangcono ngaphandle kwezinguzunga zeqhwa. Nokho, ukuba khona kwezinguzunga zeqhwa akukubi neze. Esinye isakhamuzi saseNewfoundland saphawula: “Eminyakeni eminingi edlule, ngaphambi kokuba kuvame iziqandisi, abantu bakwamanye amadolobhana angasogwini babethatha izingcezwana zeqhwa bazifake emithonjeni yabo yamanzi ukuze ahlale ebanda mpó. Okunye okwakwenziwa kwakugcinwa izingcezu zezinguzunga zeqhwa emigqonyeni enemvuthuluka yamapulangwe ukuze kusetshenziswe lapho kwenziwa u-ayisikhilimu ekhaya.”

Lezi zintabakazi zeqhwa elintantayo zizikhanga kakhulu izivakashi. Zifuna izindawo eziphakeme ogwini olumahhadla lwaseNewfoundland ukuze zibone i-Atlantic kwelenyoni futhi zijabulele lezi zintabakazi zasolwandle. Kuthathwa izithombe ezizogcinwa njengesikhumbuzo.

Izinguzunga zeqhwa zingase futhi zibe umthombo ongapheli wamanzi aphuzwayo. Ukucwenga nokufaka emabhodleleni amanzi enguzunga yeqhwa kungase ekugcineni kuzanywe kulenkathi yokungcoliswa kwamanzi okukhulu. Uma edingeka kakhulu, kungase kubonakale kuyinto elula ukuthola “isigaxa seqhwa” esikhulu futhi sidonselwe esikhumulweni ukuze siyocwengwa. Eqinisweni, kuyinselele enkulu eye yabonakala ingenakufinyelelwa kuze kube manje.

Isimangaliso Sendalo KaJehova

UMdali wezulu nomhlaba uyabuza: “Iqhwa lavela esiswini sikabani?” (Jobe 38:29) U-Elihu wayazi, ngoba ngaphambi kwalokho wayethé: “Ngokuphefumula kukaNkulunkulu kuvela [iqhwa].”—Jobe 37:10, qhathanisa ne-NW.

Ngakho, lapho sibuka lezi zimangaliso zasolwandle eziphakeme nezikhazimulayo, sicabanga uMdali wethu, owazibeka lapho. Njengomhubi, sithi: “Jehova, yeka ubuningi bemisebenzi yakho; yonke uyenzile ngokuhlakanipha; umhlaba ugcwele izidalwa zakho.” Uyanezela: “Imisebenzi yakho iyamangalisa.”—IHubo 104:24; 139:14.

Ngempela, uJehova unguMdali owenza izimangaliso. Yeka indlela esilangazelela ngayo ukumazi kangcono! Singenza kanjalo ngokulalela iZwi lakhe.—Roma 11:33.

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 18]

I-International Ice Patrol

Ngemva kwenhlekelele yomkhumbi i-Titanic, kwasungulwa i-International Ice Patrol (IIP) ngo-1914 ukuze kutholakale izinguzunga zeqhwa, kubikezelwe ukuhamba kwazo ngokwamaza olwandle nawomoya, bese kukhishwa izixwayiso zeqhwa emphakathini. Ukuze kunikezwe isivikelo kulezi zintabakazi ezikhazimulayo zasolwandle, kuye kwenziwa yonke imizamo yokuqongelela ulwazi ngezici nangendlela iqhwa elakheke ngayo. Ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswayo buhlanganisa nokusetshenziswa kwendiza ekuhloleni ngamehlo nangemishini ethungatha amaza, imibiko yemikhumbi ehlola iqhwa, izithombe zeziphuphutheki, kanye nokuhlaziywa nokubikezelwa kokwenzeka olwandle.

[Isithombe ekhasini 16, 17]

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