Umlando Ka-ayisikhilimu
U-AYISIKHILIMU usuthuthuke kakhulu kunesikhathi owaqala ukwenziwa ngaso. AmaRoma asendulo asungula i-sorbet. Lophudingi ocishe ube yiqhwa, wawenziwa ngeqhwa, izithelo, noju, futhi ngezinye izikhathi wawudliwa abantu abacebile. Indlela yokwenza i-sorbet iye yathuthukiswa phakathi nesikhathi eside, ngokusobala yafinyelela ezingeni eliphakeme lapho yenziwa abapheki abangama-Arabhu phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi. Igama elithi “sorbet” nelithi “sherbet” cishe avela olimini lwesi-Arabhu.
Kungashiwo ukuthi i-sorbet yakudala, ngokuyinhloko eyayenziwa ngamanzi, yandulela u-ayisikhilimu wanamuhla. Izinto zashintsha lapho sekusetshenziswa ubisi, amaqanda, ushukela, nokokunandisa, kwenziwa ingxube enokhilimu, enambithekayo. Ukuba wawuphila eminyakeni yawo-1600 esigodlweni senkosi yaseFrance uLouis XIV, wawuyobona u-ayisikhilimu wethulwa emiphakathini ekhomba ngophakathi. Ngalesosikhathi kwakunempikiswano phakathi kodokotela nezinye izazi ngokuqondene nokuthi u-ayisikhilimu wawusilungele yini isimiso sokugaya ukudla noma cha.
Wawenziwa kanjani u-ayisikhilimu kungenamishini eneziqandisi yokwenza u-ayisikhilimu? Ekuqaleni, kwakusetshenziswa izitsha ezimbili zokhuni noma zethini elixutshwe nomthofu, esinye sifakwe kwesinye. Ingxube ka-ayisikhilimu yayenzelwa kwesincane, bese kuthi isikhala esiphakathi kwazo zombili zigcwaliswe ngeqhwa nosawoti. Ngemva kokuba sekuhlanganiswe izithako, lengxube yayiyekwa esitsheni, bese u-ayisikhilimu uyalunga. Lalivelaphi iqhwa? Emakhulwini eminyaka edlule abantu bathola ukuthi iqhwa lingenziwa futhi lilondolozwe ngokulibutha ebusika bese ligqishwa emigodini eyayimbozwa ngotshani obomile namagatsha e-oki. Ngekhulu le-19, kwasungulwa imishini yokwenza iqhwa futhi yasetshenziselwa ukulikhiqiza libe liningi. Ekhaya iqhwa laligcinwa emabhokisini eqhwa enziwe ngokhuni nangokhokho.
Kulelikhulu leminyaka izindlela zokwenza u-ayisikhilimu ziye zathuthukiswa kakhulu. Iziqandisi, imishini yokwenza u-ayisikhilimu, neminye imishini manje kukwenza kube lula ukwenza u-ayisikhilimu wokuthengwa nowenziwa ekhaya, namazinga athuthukisiwe enhlanzeko.
Ubuciko Bokwenza U-ayisikhilimu
Uchwepheshe ekwenzeni u-ayisikhilimu kumelwe awazi kahle umsebenzi wakhe, okusho ukuthi kumelwe abe umbhaki onekhono nompheki, ngezinye izikhathi abe ingcweti, ngezinga elithile abe usokhemisi futhi abe nolwazi ngama-bacterium. Yini eyenza u-ayisikhilimu ujiye kangaka, ube nokhilimu, futhi ube mnandi? Ngokwesibonelo, ake ucabange ngo-ayisikhilimu wokuthengwa. Ngesikhathi wenziwa, kwenezelwa amafutha namanzi emifino ashubile ukuze kujiyiswe lengxube. Kubuye kuhlanganiswe nezilinganiso ezifanele zamaqanda, ushukela, futhi, uma kudingeka, kufakwa nezinto ezingokwemvelo zokwenezela umbala nezokunandisa, njenge-cocoa, ikhofi, nezithelo. Kukhona no-ayisikhilimu owenziwa ngebhotela lamantongomane.
Ngemva kokuba lengxube isihlanganiswe kahle ezingeni lokushisa elingama-degree Celsius angu-70, yenziwa ibe sezingeni lokushisa elingama-degree Celsius angu-90 kuzanywa ukubulala noma yimaphi amagciwane okungenzeka abe khona. Ngemva kokuba isipholiswe amahora ambalwa yafinyelela izinga lokushisa elingama-degree Celsius amane, iyajiya. Isigaba sesibili salenqubo siwukuyiqandisa. Izinga lokubanda lincishiswa ngokushesha libe ngama-degree Celsius angu-6 kuya kwayishumi ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa, kuyilapho lengxube igovuzwa kancane kancane. Lokhu kungenisa umoya kuyo, ongesinye sezici ezinengxenye ekwenzeni u-ayisikhilimu ube yilokho oyikho, ube sakhilimu.
Sekudlule amakhulu amaningi eminyaka kusukela amaRoma ajabulela ama-sorbet no-ayisikhilimu wethulwa esigodlweni sikaLouis XIV. Kodwa lapho uphinde ujabulela lowophudingi wakho owuthandayo obandayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yi-sorbet noma u-ayisikhilimu, ubobonga lawomaRoma asendulo asungula lowombono oqabulayo!